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HYGROSCOPIC (OSMOTIC) BLISTERSHYGROSCOPIC (OSMOTIC) BLISTERS

TINY, PIN HEAD SIZE, TINY, PIN HEAD SIZE, WATER FILLED WATER FILLED BLISTERS. CAUSED BLISTERS. CAUSED BY HYGROSCOPIC BY HYGROSCOPIC SALTS (IRON SALTS (IRON SULPHATES AND SULPHATES AND IRON CHLORIDES)IRON CHLORIDES)

SURFACE PREPARATION

DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING ABRASIVES

COPPER SLAG.

EXPENDABLE. USE

ONCE ONLY, IT

SHATTERS ON

IMPACT. IT IS

NON METALLIC

SURFACE PREPARATION

DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING, ABRASIVES

CONTAMINATED

COPPER SLAG. MUST NOT BE RE-USED.

SURFACE PREPARATION

DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING, ABRASIVES

GARNET. MINERAL,

CAN BE EXPENDABLE

OR CAN BE RE-CYCLED , AS DESIRED. MUST BE CLEANSED BEFORE

RE-USE

SURFACE PREPARATION


METALLIC GRIT.

MUST BE RECYCLED

FOR ECONOMIC REASONS. NOT USED FOR SITE WORK MUST BE CLEANSED BEFORE RE-USE


METALLIC SHOT

USED IN ENCLOSED SYSTEMS, NEEDS TO BE CLEANSED BEFORE RE-USE. GRADUALLY WEARS DOWN CYCLE BY CYCLE.


METALLIC GRIT AND SHOT MIXED. RATIO DEPENDS ON SPEC. AS DOES THE PARTICLE SIZES. USED IN ENCLOSED SYSTEMS. GRIT CUTS THE PROFILE, SHOT CONTROLS THE PEAKS


PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION, SIEVES TO BS 410

SURFACE PROFILE ASSESSMENT

SURFACE COMPARATOR TO BS 7079 Pt C, ISO 8503

SHOT BLAST COMPARATOR. NOT TO BE USED FOR SURFACE CLEANLINESS. ONLY FOR ASSESSMENT OF SHOT BLASTED SUBSTRATES. GRIT BLAST COMPARATOR CAN ALSO BE USED ON SUBSTRATES BLASTED WITH GRIT/SHOT MIX

RUST GRADES (very very important)

RUST GRADES (very very important)

DRY ABRASIVE BLASTING

MEASURING PRESSURE AT THE NOZZLE

HYPODERMIC NEEDLE

GAUGE

INSERT THE NEEDLE THROUGH THE HOSE WITH THE NEEDLE TOWARDS THE NOZZLE, AT AN ANGLE OF APP. 45 DEGREES

PAINT TESTINGPAINT TESTING

DENSITYDENSITY THE DENSITY ( SG ) CUPTHE DENSITY ( SG ) CUP


HEGMAN GRIND GAUGEHEGMAN GRIND GAUGE

FOR FINENESS OF GRIND, DEGREE OF DISPERSIONFOR FINENESS OF GRIND, DEGREE OF DISPERSION

PAINT TESTING, VISCOSITYPAINT TESTING, VISCOSITY

ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER ROTATIONAL VISCOMETER WITH ROTOTHINNER WITH ROTOTHINNER MEASURES DYNAMIC MEASURES DYNAMIC VISCOSITY. UNITS, POISESVISCOSITY. UNITS, POISES

PAINT TESTING. VISCOSITYPAINT TESTING. VISCOSITY

KREBS STORMER VISCOMETERKREBS STORMER VISCOMETER

KINEMATIC VISCOSITYKINEMATIC VISCOSITY

DRIVEN BY A FALLINGDRIVEN BY A FALLING

WEIGHT, THE HEAVIERWEIGHT, THE HEAVIER

THE WEIGHT THE THE WEIGHT THE

FASTER IT ROTATES.FASTER IT ROTATES.

CRITERIA 200 RPMCRITERIA 200 RPM

UNITS STOKE OR POISEUNITS STOKE OR POISE


FLOW VISCOSITYFLOW VISCOSITY

A FORD FLOW CUPA FORD FLOW CUP

FORD FLOW CUP IN ITS FORD FLOW CUP IN ITS RETORT AND SHOWING RETORT AND SHOWING THE 4mm DIA HOLETHE 4mm DIA HOLE

PAINT TESTING VISCOSITY. FORD FLOW CUPPAINT TESTING VISCOSITY. FORD FLOW CUP

PAINT FILM MEASUREMENT, WET FILMPAINT FILM MEASUREMENT, WET FILM

ECCENTRIC WHEELECCENTRIC WHEEL

WET FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTWET FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT

COMB GAUGESCOMB GAUGES

DESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES THE P.I.G.DESTRUCTIVE TEST GAUGES THE P.I.G.

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC.DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC.

THE TINSLEY PENCILTHE TINSLEY PENCIL

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,

HORSESHOE GAUGEHORSESHOE GAUGE

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT, MAGNETIC,

THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 111THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 111

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS, MAGNETICDRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS, MAGNETIC

THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 211THE BANANA GAUGE MODEL 211

SCALE MOVES SCALE MOVES TO THE TO THE CURSERCURSER

DRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENTDRY FILM THICKNESS MEASUREMENT

COLOUR CODED CALIBRATION SHIMSCOLOUR CODED CALIBRATION SHIMS

PURPLE 25umPURPLE 25um

BLUE 50umBLUE 50um

BROWN 125umBROWN 125um

WHITE 250umWHITE 250um

YELLOW 500umYELLOW 500um

nominal valuesnominal values

FLEXIBILITY TEST CONICAL MANDRELFLEXIBILITY TEST CONICAL MANDREL

DRYING AND CURING TESTS:- BALLOTINI TESTDRYING AND CURING TESTS:- BALLOTINI TEST

TRAVERSETRAVERSE

GRADUATED IN HOURS OF GRADUATED IN HOURS OF TRAVERSETRAVERSE

DRYING AND CURING TESTS. DRYING AND CURING TESTS.

BK DRYING TIME RECORDERSBK DRYING TIME RECORDERS

GLASS PLATES GLASS PLATES INSERTED INTO FRONT INSERTED INTO FRONT SLOT.SLOT.

STYLUS DRAWN STYLUS DRAWN ACROSS.ACROSS.

MECHANICAL THUMB TEST, THROUGH DRYINGMECHANICAL THUMB TEST, THROUGH DRYING

WOLFF- WILBORN PENCIL SCRATCH TESTWOLFF- WILBORN PENCIL SCRATCH TEST

USES THE PENCIL USES THE PENCIL HARDNESS RATING.HARDNESS RATING.

OPACITY, THE PFUND CRYPTOMETEROPACITY, THE PFUND CRYPTOMETER

HIDING POWER CHARTS AND ADJUSTABLE APPLICATORHIDING POWER CHARTS AND ADJUSTABLE APPLICATOR

ADHESION TESTS CROSS CUT ( CROSS HATCH ) TEST ADHESION TESTS CROSS CUT ( CROSS HATCH ) TEST SPECIAL CUTTER TOOLSPECIAL CUTTER TOOL

ADHESION TESTS THE DOLLY TESTADHESION TESTS THE DOLLY TEST

ADHESION TESTS THE HYDRAULIC ADHESION TESTERADHESION TESTS THE HYDRAULIC ADHESION TESTER

WEATHER CONDITIONS WHIRLING HYGROMETERWEATHER CONDITIONS WHIRLING HYGROMETER

WEATHER CONDITIONS DEW POINT CALCULATORWEATHER CONDITIONS DEW POINT CALCULATOR

WEATHER CONDITIONS STEEL TEMPERATURESWEATHER CONDITIONS STEEL TEMPERATURES

MAGNETIC, CONTACTMAGNETIC, CONTACT THERMOCOUPLETHERMOCOUPLE

HOLIDAY/PINHOLE DETECTIONHOLIDAY/PINHOLE DETECTION

TYPICAL H/V SET TYPICAL H/V SET FOR PINHOLE FOR PINHOLE DETECTION. DETECTION. OPERATES UP TO OPERATES UP TO 5 Kv. TOO HIGH 5 Kv. TOO HIGH

FOR NORMAL PAINT FOR NORMAL PAINT SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

PINHOLE/HOLIDAY DETECTION SPONGE DETECTORPINHOLE/HOLIDAY DETECTION SPONGE DETECTOR

VOLTAGE RANGE 3 TO VOLTAGE RANGE 3 TO 90v. SOME HAVE ONLY 90v. SOME HAVE ONLY 2 SETTINGS. 2 SETTINGS. INTERMEDIATE 67.5v. INTERMEDIATE 67.5v. Sponge is wetted in Sponge is wetted in water with a drop of water with a drop of detergent, excess detergent, excess squeezed out, then squeezed out, then passed methodically passed methodically over the substrateover the substrate

PAINT FAULTS, BITTINESSPAINT FAULTS, BITTINESS

INCLUSIONS, EITHER INCLUSIONS, EITHER AIRBORN OR FROM AIRBORN OR FROM THE PAINT ITSELF. THE PAINT ITSELF. COULD BE PARTIALLY COULD BE PARTIALLY CURED PAINT, OUT OF CURED PAINT, OUT OF SHELF LIFE.SHELF LIFE.

COATING FAULTS BLEEDINGCOATING FAULTS BLEEDING

THE SOLVENT FROM THE SOLVENT FROM THE TOP COAT THE TOP COAT SOFTENS THE UNDER SOFTENS THE UNDER LYING MATERIAL AND LYING MATERIAL AND ALLOWS IT TO PASS ALLOWS IT TO PASS INTO AND THROUGH INTO AND THROUGH THE LAYER, CAUSING THE LAYER, CAUSING DISCOLOURATION. DISCOLOURATION. BROWN FOR BITUMEN, BROWN FOR BITUMEN, YELLOW FOR COAL YELLOW FOR COAL TARS.TARS.

COATING FAULTS BLISTERINGCOATING FAULTS BLISTERING

BLISTERS CAN BE FILLED WITH GAS,LIQUID OR CRYSTALSBLISTERS CAN BE FILLED WITH GAS,LIQUID OR CRYSTALS

COATING FAULTS CHALKINGCOATING FAULTS CHALKING

DEGRADATION OF A DEGRADATION OF A BINDER DUE TO BINDER DUE TO DISRUPTIVE FACTORS IN DISRUPTIVE FACTORS IN THE ENVIRONMENTTHE ENVIRONMENT

COATING FAULTS CISSINGCOATING FAULTS CISSING

CAUSED BY CAUSED BY INADEQUATE SURFACE INADEQUATE SURFACE PREPARATION.PREPARATION.

A DIFFERENCE IN A DIFFERENCE IN SURFACE ENERGY SURFACE ENERGY CAUSES LOCAL LACK OF CAUSES LOCAL LACK OF ADHESION.ADHESION.

COATING FAULTS CRACKINGCOATING FAULTS CRACKING

COATING AGE AND COATING AGE AND DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSIONDIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION

COATING FAULTS CRATERINGCOATING FAULTS CRATERING

BOWL SHAPED BOWL SHAPED DEPRESSIONS. CAUSED BY DEPRESSIONS. CAUSED BY ESCAPING SOLVENT OR ESCAPING SOLVENT OR GASES. PAINT IS OF TOO GASES. PAINT IS OF TOO LOW A VISCOSITY TO FLOW LOW A VISCOSITY TO FLOW AND FILL THE AND FILL THE DEPRESSIONSDEPRESSIONS

COATING FAULTS CURTAINS, SAGS, RUNS AND TEARSCOATING FAULTS CURTAINS, SAGS, RUNS AND TEARS

CAUSED BY OVER CAUSED BY OVER APPLICATION. REMOVE APPLICATION. REMOVE OFFENDING EXCESS OFFENDING EXCESS MATERIAL, LIGHTLY MATERIAL, LIGHTLY ABRADE, RECOAT.ABRADE, RECOAT.

COATING FAULTS FLAKINGCOATING FAULTS FLAKING

MATERIAL MATERIAL PROGRESSIVELY PROGRESSIVELY GETS BRITTLE WITH GETS BRITTLE WITH AGE, CRACKS AND AGE, CRACKS AND BEGINS TO DETACHBEGINS TO DETACH

COATING FAULTS HOLIDAYSCOATING FAULTS HOLIDAYS

DEFINED AS BEING :- A DEFINED AS BEING :- A VOID, A MISS, OR AN VOID, A MISS, OR AN UNCOATED AREAUNCOATED AREA

COATING FAULTS LIFTINGCOATING FAULTS LIFTING

CAUSED BY SOLVENT STRENGTH AND ALSO LACK OF CAUSED BY SOLVENT STRENGTH AND ALSO LACK OF OBSERVANCE OF STATED OVERCOATING TIMEOBSERVANCE OF STATED OVERCOATING TIME

COATING FAULTS ROPINESSCOATING FAULTS ROPINESS

BRUSHMARKSBRUSHMARKS

COATING FAULTS WRINKLING AND COATING FAULTS WRINKLING AND RIVELLINGRIVELLING

HEALTH AND SAFETY DRAGER TUBE AND BELLOWSHEALTH AND SAFETY DRAGER TUBE AND BELLOWS

Engineering

Bgas slide show -