Dr. T.P. Somasundaran

Professor

Department of Civil Engineering

National Institute of Technology Calicut

E-mail: soman@nitc.ac.in

WHAT ISCIVIL ENGINEERING ?

Civil Engineers give us Quality of Life !

Civil engineering is the oldest branch of the

profession of engineering after military engineering.

Many of the important things in our lives that we

take for granted are the product of civil

engineering.

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Introduction

Since time immemorial, human beings have been engaged in building all kinds of edifices. From huts made of mud to Taj Mahal, we have definitely come a long way.

As civilisations matured, it simultaneously led to the development of bigger, better and diverse structures. From cave dwellings, human beings had moved on to construct houses, palaces, canals, dams, highways, and stadia.

These civilian structures played a significant role in the development of human race and gave various dimensions to human life as various activities evolved: social, political, economic and recreational.

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Amongst all branches of engineering, the range and application of civil engineering is the broadest and the most visible.

In fact, the entire infrastructural framework of a modern nation is the creation of civil engineers.

The credit of building mighty power plants, dams, airports, sea ports, highways, inland waterways and industrial plants goes to civil engineers.

These professionals are also engaged in building an unending array of urban structures such as commercial complexes, skyscrapers, tunnels, bridges, roads, urban rapid transport systems, sports stadia and so on.

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Civil engineers typically apply the principles of geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, earthquake engineering, environmental engineering, transportation engineering and construction engineering to residential, commercial, industrial and public works projects of all sizes and levels of construction.

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Civil Engineers

The construction of dams and power stations that provide the electricity we use every day requires civil engineers.

The water and sewage treatment plants that provide us with safe water supplies require the expertise of civil engineers.

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In fact, most structures, large and small, require the help of a civil engineer in the designing, planning or managing of the project.

The paths and roads we travel are civil engineering projects.

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Civil engineers help to preserve environment by assisting in cleaning up of existing pollution and planning ways to reduce future pollution of air, land and water.

The scope of civil engineering has now grown to include: Bioengineering, Project Management, Life-cycle Design, Real-time Monitoring, Rehabilitation, Smart Systems, Space Structures,...

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Major Specialisations

Structural Engineering

Geotechnical Engineering

Transportation Engineering

Water Resources Engineering

Offshore Structures

Environmental Engineering

Environmental Geotechnology

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Earth science

Atmospheric science

Remote Sensing

Forensic engineering

Materials engineering

Municipal or Urban Engineering

Coastal Engineering

Construction and Management

Quantity Surveying

Control Engineering5/18/2015 tps,NITC 10

Structural Engineering

Deals with Analysis and Design of Structures such as buildings

Bridges, Aqueducts, Canals

Docks & Harbours

towers (TV, telecommunication, transmission line,…), chimneys

water tanks

pressure vessels

stadia

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Geotechnical Engineering

Analysis and design of foundations for different structures

Design of embankments and earthen dams

Prevention of soil erosion and land slides

Stabilisation of slopes

Ground improvement

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Transportation Engineering

Planning, design, operation and maintenance of transport facilities Roads

Railways

Airports / airways

Waterways

Transportation planning

Traffic engineering

Pavements5/18/2015 13tps,NITC

Environmental Engineering

Protection of environment from pollutions

Water quality management

Sewage systems

Waste management industrial, hospital, etc.

Air pollution control

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Water Resources Engineering

Planning and design of water distribution systems irrigation

drinking and other house-hold needs

hydroelectric power generation

Rain water harvesting

Water shed management

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Offshore Structures

Analysis and design, fabrication and

erection of offshore structures such as

Jacket structures

Gravity structures

Compliant structures

Floating production systems

Offshore pipelines

Buoys

Mooring lines5/18/2015 16tps,NITC

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Intelligent (smart) Structures

Surveying and GPS (Global Positioning System )

GPS is a satellite-based system, operated and maintained by the U.S. Department of Defence (DoD), that provides accurate location and timing information to people worldwide.

The system transmits radio signals that can be used by GPS receivers to calculate position, velocity and time anywhere on Earth, any time of day or night, in any kind of weather.

The GPS is a National resource and an international utility for positioning, navigation and timing.

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The World Trade Centre

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Burj Khalifa, Dubai, UAE829.8 m tall (tallest now)

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The Empire State Building

New York, 1931

Commercial Office Tower,

Skyscraper

Steel Frame, Stone Cladding

102 floors, 1252 feet, 381 meters

high. Effective use of setbacks to

emphasise tower.

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Tokyo Sky Tree

634 m tall, Japan

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Petronas—Another View

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Designed by John Roeblingin 1867 and completed by his son in 1883, this bridge is a milestone in bridge engineering. Steel cables were used (by spinning) for the first time.

Brooklyn Bridge (New York)

Cable-Supported Structures…

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Golden Gate Bridge (San Fransisco, 1937)

Span = 1280m

Cable-Supported Structures…

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Royal Gorge Bridge (Colorado)

Cable-Supported Structures…

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Cable-stayed bridges One of the earliest cable-stayed bridges. Albert Bridge across the River Thames, opened in 1873. The spans are 147 ft, 384 ft & 147 ft.

Cable-Supported Structures…

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Cable-stayed bridges

Cable-stayed highway bridge over the River Rhine (Germany).

Spans are 104 m, 255 m, and 104 m. Tower height is 43 m above roadway.

Cable-Supported Structures…

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Cable-stayed bridges

Over the River Rhine (Dusseldorf)—Single tower design with single plane of cables and 3-lane traffic on either side of the centreline

Cable-Supported Structures…

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Cable-Supported Structures…

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Cable-Supported Structures…

Katsushika Harp Bridge, Tokyo, 19865/18/2015 34tps,NITC

External Prestressing

Truc de la Fare Overpass, France5 supporting cables, deviated by 3 V-shaped steel ribs

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Bahai Temple

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Award winning structures 2000

A structure of beauty is a joy forever

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12-storey building with floors hung from the top of the central 270-ft. high concrete core by six sets of continuous steel bridge cables. Floors were erected from the top down. The core is 36 ft. 36 ft. in section, and can be seen at both top and bottom of the building. (Vancouver)

Cable-Supported Structures

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Monorail

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Skybus

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Rotating tower in Dubai

Wherever you might be, in cities or towns or in the far-flung areas of the country you simply cannot miss the creation of civil engineers.

The nature of this profile makes it an evergreen prospect for career minded youngsters.

There is an endless demand for this job profile both in the private as well as in public sector undertakings in our country.

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Is it the Right Career for Me?

As a civil engineer, you will have to plan out, design and supervise the construction of different types of buildings.

You need to posses good knowledge of mathematics and science. Also, you must also have good supervisory and administrative skills.

Furthermore, you must be ready to sweat it out at construction sites and even work under stressful and hostile conditions. And if you think you fit the bill then civil engineering is the right profession for you.

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Job Prospects

There is huge demand for civil engineers in India and it is also expected to get a boost as the country gets ready to upgrade its infrastructure with growing economic and political clout in the world.

The career opens a lot of opportunities in numerous government departments.

Civil engineers are employed in all major construction projects carried out by central and state government agencies.

There are equally good opportunities in the private sector for civil engineers.

A major opening for qualified civil engineers is also in armed forces where they can make vital contribution to the protection of the country.

Last but not the least you can set up your own engineering consultancy.

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Job Role: A Sneak peek

A career after civil engineering is highly rewarding. There are jobs that involve supervision, construction, design and analyzes of private as well as public projects, such as dams, highways, canals, water sewages and bridges.

The profession demands excellent skills for both administration and supervision of projects.

Excellence and responsibility are important factors associated with the job. In other words, whenever you see or read about any popular landmark in the world (iconic works like Golden Gate Bridge, The Gateway of India, Burj Khalifa, etc.), there is a civil engineer involved in its construction. Isn’t it interesting!

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Career Outlook

A career as a civil engineer offers several lucrative job avenues in both public & private sector.

Some popular options include consulting firms, railways, defence force, and municipal corporations. Civil engineering includes different specializations such as construction, geo-technical, environmental, coastal and transportation engineering.

The aim of every graduate is to get a highly paid job. Experience plays a vital role in influencing your salary package. However, the average annual salary of these professionals includes Rs 356,262(payscale.com).

Engineers with skills like Project Management, Visual Basic (VB), Engineering Design, and Microsoft Project add value to their package.

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A Promising Future

To define the future prospects for civil engineering graduates in India, lucrative opportunities can be expected in construction, energy, and power sector.

In fact, civil engineering is one branch of engineering that has lesser unemployment rate than the other branches.

There are several fields in this branch, which will offer maximum scope. These include:

Designing:

For finding a designing career in civil engineering, excellent academic record and experience is important. Knowledge of civil engineering software such as AutoCAD, Staad Pro, Etabs, SAP, AutoTum, and TopoCAD makes you more employable.

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Construction:

projects Job as a project or construction engineer offers career opportunities in construction field, including road and industrial construction. It is considered a challenging job and includes execution of mega at different levels.

Planning:

If you possess excellent planning skills, choosing a career in planning or project management is a good option. Planning engineers find huge demand in construction companies. Knowledge of software such as MS Project and Primavera can be helpful in this field.

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Another Tip:

If you are looking for consulting or management roles, it is important to gain work experience of at least five or more years under a qualified engineer.

This prepares you to understand the industry requirement. Moreover, those who want to start their own company, it is mandatory to get a license to render your services.

Hence, the scope of civil engineering is bright in India and across the globe. Once you have earned an engineering degree in the field from any reputed college, finding a job is not a herculean task.

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Demand and Supply

In the past few years, the demand for civil engineers has exceeded the supply.

The growth in economy and exceeding demand for well qualified and experienced civil engineers has resulted in towering pay levels.

Shortage of 7,000 civil engineers is witnessed by India every year.

Therefore, no civil engineer can go without a job after his graduation.

As a civil engineer, good job opportunities will await at your doorstep.

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Market Watch

Growth in the economy as a whole and the construction industry in particular has brought cheers to youth seeking to make a career in civil engineering.

This demand has been further pushed higher with more multinational engineering companies setting up their footprint across India.

Further, the rapid increase in population and the steady technological progress made by the country has considerably enhanced the market for civil engineers

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International Focus

Indian engineers are in high demand in Asia, Africa and the middle-east.

Those graduating from IITs & NITs also manage jobs in developed countries.

The employment opportunities abroad are very appealing.

The packets are high compared with the pay packets in India.

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ARCHITECTURE

One needs certain qualities, called soft skills, to succeed in this occupation.

If you want to be an architect you should be creative and have good visualization skills.

Not only do you need to be able to create designs for buildings and other structures, you need to be able to see, in your mind's eye, what they will look like once they are built.

Since architects have to describe their ideas to other people including clients and colleagues, you must have strong communication skills. The ability to think critically will help you solve problems that inevitably arise during most projects.

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Advancement Opportunities

A licensed architect, after gaining experience, may take on increasingly responsible duties and eventual managing entire projects.

Architects may advance to supervisory or managerialpositions in large firms. Some become partners in established firms while others set up their own practices.

Job Outlook

Employment in this field is projected to grow faster than the average for all occupations through 2020.

Prospective architects may face competition for positions at prestigious firms. To increase one's chances of getting an internship after graduation, it is important to get career-related experience in an architectural firm while still in school.

Those who know CADD technology will also have an advantage.

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A Day in an Architect's Life

On a typical day an architect will

Discuss the objectives, requirements, and budget of a project

Provide various pre-design services which may include conducting feasibility and environmental impact studies, selecting a site, or specifying the requirements the design must meet

Prepare drawings and present ideas for the client to review

Develop final construction plans that show the building's appearance as well as details for its construction

Follow building codes, zoning laws, fire regulations, and other ordinances

Make necessary changes throughout the planning process

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ARCHITECTURE

The areas of probable specialisation or career for those with BArch

degree are as follows:

Architectural ConsultancyInterior DesignLandscape Architectspecialist in HousingProject ManagementAnimaterUrban Planner

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Architectural Conservation

Urban Design

Disaster Management

Transport Planning

Environmental Planning

Urban Infrastructure planning

Disaster Management

Community Planning

Green Building Design

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Remote Sensing and GIS expert

Sustainable Planning and Design

Energy Efficient Building Design

Creative Design

Acoustics Design

Illumination Design

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Any Questions?

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Thank You!

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