Construction is the most dangerous land based work sector. The problem is not that the hazards and risks are unknown, it is that they are very difficult to control in a constantly changing work environment. So, in every year, many people fall victim to injury, harm and even death through accidents on construction sites.

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

The most common cause of fatalities to workers in the construction sector over the past nine years were falls from

heights (49.6%)roofs (17.6%)ladders (12.0%)scaffolds (11.2%)openings or stairways (4.8%)and others (4.0%)

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

IMPORTANCE Life & property Proper management of construction works Safe the total construction cost Reduce workers compensation claims Improved employee morale & satisfaction Increased productivity Reduced insurance cost

Safety Condition in Bangladesh

The construction industry is considered as one of the most hazardous industrial sectors wherein the construction workers are more prone to accidents.

In developed countries such as United Kingdom and United States of America, there is strict legal enforcement of safety in the construction industry and also in the implementation of safety management systems which are designed to minimize or eliminate accidents at work places. However, occupational safety in construction industry is very poor in developing countries such as Bangladesh.

In bangladesh maximum working site is risky and full of danger. The workers are not conscious about their own safety.they are even ignorant about the danger.the construction management have to conscious about the construction safety of the workers.We think ,the preventive technique can minimize those hazards and save many life.

Safety Condition in Bangladesh

Construction Accidents in Bangladesh

According to Bangladesh Occupational Safety, Health and Environment Foundation (OSHE) 107 workers are died and 195 workers are seriously injured.

SAFETY MEASURESSafety measures in different

types of civil engineering construction are followed:

Safety measures in – Building construction Bridge construction Road construction

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

Preventive measures:Employers should: Have Site Safety Plans addressing potential

hazards which could lead to injury or death. Ensure that roof openings are not left

unprotected, unguarded, or uncovered. Equip all workers on the roof with fall

protection. A retractable lanyard would allow the helper to do his job and still have fall protection.

Require that all hazards on the site be communicated on an ongoing basis to all workers in the area

BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION

The system designs should be flexible.

The platform is supported on cables fastened in equal intervals

Platform installation, redeployment and removal proceed quickly with minimal traffic disruption.

Side tarps should be create a full enclosure

ROAD CONSTRUCTION Using sign, signals & road markings Maintaining traffic speed Railing should be provided in hilly

roads Removed disturbed vehicles Construction materials should have

better quality Over loading vehicles should not

be permitted on the road Super elevation ,gradient &

curvature should be maintained

Root Causes for ConstructionAccidents

Inadequate construction planning & scheduling Lack of proper training Deficient enforcement of training Unsafe equipment Unsafe methods or sequencing Unsafe site conditions Not using safety equipment that was provided

Poor communication Lack of ineffective supervision Absence of safety rules and safe work

procedure Lack of enforcement of safety rules and safe

work procedure. Defective machinery on site Falling structure or loads, defective

scaffolding, forklifts etc.

Root Causes for ConstructionAccidents

Construction accidentsScaffolding accidentsWelding accidentsTrench accidentsToxic gas attack

Construction accidents Construction Site Falls Crane Accidents Run-Over by Operating Equipment Electrical Accidents Fires and Explosions Unsafe/ Dangerous Equipment

Accidents Logging Accidents

Construction accidentsElevator Accidents Structure Failure Building CollapseSupervisor Negligence Fork Lift Accidents Dumpster AccidentsCompressor AccidentsExploding Compressor Gas Explosions

Workers may die or be injured if scaffold equipment and fall protection systems or misused are defective.

Scaffolding Accidents

Hazard associated with Scaffolding

1. People falling from the working platforms

2. People below the working platform being struck by material falling or being thrown from it.

3. The scaffold or part of it collapsing and throwing people from the working platform

4. The collapse scaffold causing damage the adjacent property.

Negligence on the part of the improper construction or maintenance.

Low capacity of the side brackets Loose bonding of scaffolding. Weak scaffolding material.

CausesScaffolding Accidents

Scaffold must be sound, rigid

Scaffold must be equipped with guardrails, mid rails and toe boards

Scaffold must not be erected, moved or altered except under the supervision of a competent person.

PreventionScaffolding Accidents

Use of a competent person to inspect scaffolds and equipment before use

Use of scaffold components capable of supporting proper loads

Proper shielding of ropes from corrosive processes or heat

Use of both guardrail systems and body belt or harness systems for work from suspension scaffolds

The proposed regulations provide general requirements for all scaffolds

Welding Accidents Welding can be a very

dangerous job, and is often the cause of accidents on construction sites . The hazards of welding are many and can be very serious.

This is especially true when you think about the more than 500,000 workers that are injured annually from welding, cutting and braising. The risk of fatal injury is more than four deaths per thousand over a working lifetime.

Welding accidents

The ultra violet rays emitted by the welding process can give a very bad burn to not only exposed skin, but also to the lens of the eye.

UV rays in welding can cause eye injury what is called “arc eye” .

Excessive heat can burn skins. Excessive noise Fire and excessive heat Electrical shock Ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Causes

Using a welder’s mask properly can eliminate this types of accidents.

Wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as aprons, gloves, leggings, and footwear.

A trained fire watch must be posted to look for fires during and after the welding job.

Combustible and flammable materials must be cleared from the welding area.

Welding accidentsPrevention

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Welding accidents safety

Trench accidentsEvery accident that occurs on a

construction site can be horrific, but trench accidents seem to be the worst of all. Causes A machine working too near the edge of the support wall. A recent hard rain it could shift the gravel

and end up collapsing. Improper shoring that can cause a cave in.

Trench accidents

Never enter an unprotected trench. Always use a protective system for

trenches feet deep or greater. Employ a registered professional

engineer to design a protective system for trenches 20 feet deep or greater.

Keep spoils at least two feet back from the edge of a trench

. Trench accidentsSolutions

Trench accidents

Keep heavy machines far from edge of supporting wall.

If there is a heavy rain, one should protect the edge with some sort of sheet.

Construction site should be examined by the engineer daily before starting of day’s work.

Solutions

. Trench accidents

Trench Accident

Wrong Right

Face Shields Full face protection Protects face from dusts and splashes

or sprays of hazardous liquids Does not protect from impact hazards Wear safety glasses or goggles

underneath

Toxic gas attackCauses

Presence of carbon monoxide in tanks. Leakage of methane from cylinder. Presence of excessive carbon di oxide in air in a underground basement.

Toxic gas attackPrevention

By using the gas mask the inhalation can be prevent.

By lighting a candle in the place the presence of these gases can be traced.

A free circulation of air should be done before working at the place.

Every year, many people fall victim to injury, harm and even death through accidents on construction sites. These sites are rife with danger, but most sites follow strict health and safety rules to ensure that these dangers are not a threat to the workers on the site.

Construction Injuries

Construction injuries vary greatly based on the type of work being performed and the circumstances surrounding the environment and the individual that is affected. Although many construction injuries are minor, serious consequences must not be overlooked. Traumatic injuries and even death may result from the negligence of coworkers or the failure to follow established safety procedures.

Construction Injuries

Types of Construction Injuries

Head Injury Severed Nerve Coma Cumulative Trauma Disorder Spinal Cord Injuries Paralysis Death Severe Gashes Burn Injuries

Types of Construction Injuries

Loss of Limb Infected Wounds Dislocations Broken/Fractured Bones Blinding Injuries Hearing Loss

Head InjuryConstruction workers are required

to take the well-known safety precaution of wearing a hard hat to prevent head injury. Unfortunately, hard hats are not barriers to all forms of head injuries that can happen at a construction site.

Traumatic brain injury, closed head injury, concussion, and coma may result from a variety of hazardous situations at a work site. These conditions can lead to long-term complications and death.

Severed NerveNerve damage can occur as a result of

injury or swelling. In extreme cases, nerves may be completely severed. When this occurs, a variety of medical conditions may result that may be irreparable.A severed nerve may cause paralysis of the affected limb or a loss of sensation. When the nerve affected is crucial to one's everyday life, a severed nerve injury can pose insurmountable challenges. Construction workers rely on their physical capabilities to perform day-to-day work. When they are limited, their entire livelihood is likely to suffer.

Coma

A coma is a deep state of unconsciousness. A patient suffering from a coma is alive but unable to move or respond to the environment around him or her. When a coma results from a head trauma, the condition may be followed by a persistent vegetative state or death. For patients who emerge from a coma, even a partial recovery may be a gradual process.

Spinal Cord InjuriesThe spinal cord is a vital part of the human

body. It carries sensory signals and motor control to most of the skeletal muscles in the body, and nearly every voluntary muscle in the body below the head relies on the spinal cord for control.

The severity of spinal cord injuries is often dependent upon the level of segments affected. Paraplegia is the paralysis of the lower extremities and is most likely to occur at a lower level of injury than quadriplegia, which affects both the arms and the legs.

Burn Injuries

Unfortunately, burn injuries are a very real risk at construction sites. With copious amounts of heated water, steam, chemicals, and electricity found at work sites, a variety of burn injuries may occur that can have severe long-term consequences.

Burn injuries are both slow to heal and extremely painful, with the pain lasting throughout the healing process and for years to follow. Burn survivors often require extensive care that is not cheap, and families of burn victims often must do battle with a sudden unexpected injury that has forever changed their lives.

Broken/Fractured Bones

A bone fracture takes place when a bone becomes splintered, cracked, or bisected as a result of physical trauma.

There are many ways a construction worker may suffer broken or fractured bones on the work site.

Blinding InjuriesIt can be argued that humans rely on the

sense of sight more than any other method of perception. It is a tragedy when one loses their ability to see clearly as a result of a construction accident.

Eye injuries are the leading cause of vision loss in one eye throughout the world. Eye injuries can cause blindness, the loss of an eye, and other eye disorders that significantly impair one's ability to see. Such injuries can often be prevented through effective safety measures that are initiated and enforced at the managerial or supervisory level.

Hearing LossHearing loss is defined as a decrease in

one's ability to hear and perceive auditory information. Although some forms of hearing loss can be reversed with medical treatment, many others lead to a permanent disability such as deafness.

Hearing loss can be caused by physical trauma such as damage to the ear or brain centers that process aural information. Alternatively, hearing loss can progressively occur from exposure to very loud noise over time. This is of particular concern to construction workers who often perform their duties at extremely loud and busy work sites

Workplace safety 1. Management leadership and commitment 2. Employee engagement 3. Accountability 4. Safety programs, policies, and plans 5. Safety processes, procedures, and practices 6. Safety education and training7. Hazad identification