construction site safety and management

1NanoC Class Seminar - Title

SEMINAR

CONSTRUCTION SITE SAFETY & MANAGEMENT

21 November 2014Prepared By-Anchal Gupta

2NanoC Class Seminar - TitleRenewable Energy Research @ UPES

Outline

1. Introduction2. Why Safety3. Safety Management4. Safety Plan5. Hazards Prevention & Control6. Do (Responsibility & Communication)7. Checks8. Act9. Example of accident analysis


Introduction

Safety means free from danger or risk and managing the workers/labours for ensuring safety is called management. Therefore the construction site safety & management deals with safety of labours and employees working at the site.In India the construction industry is the second largest employer next to agriculture and about 31 million people are employed in construction sector. Indian construction industry is labour intensive comprising of semi- skilled and unskilled workers; Therefore the safety of labour at the site should be kept in mind and appropriate measures should be take for the same.The best way to protect workers against hazards is to control problems at the source. The problem regarding construction industry is not that the hazards and risks are unknown, but it is very difficult to accurately identify in a constantly changing work environment. To prevent health hazards at work, all possible hazards that may be encountered should be identified in advance. In the present study various types of hazards present in construction areas were identified and appropriate PPE for hazard prevention were suggested.


Why Safety ?

• To reduce cost as if any accident occurs the it will increase indirect cost of the project.

• It is a moral and legal obligation of employers to provide a safe working place and of employees to work safely.

• Project runs on schedule as if any accident takes place it affects the work site and project may be delayed, therefore safety also takes care of time.

• Productivity will increase.• Studies have proved that there is an adverse effect on a contractor’s

reputation and unfavourable image for the client when the project suffers high accident rates ; Therefore Company’s reputation will be better.• To fulfil the statutory requirements formulated by central government against

construction safety.


Safety Management

• The safety management team follows “ PDCA” cycles to ensure the safety at site.

PDCA stands for- P- Plan D- Do (Responsibility & Communication) C- Check A- Act• The PDCA cycles covers both IS- 18001 Occupational Health Safety

Assessment Series (OHSAS) & IS- 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS). • For ensuring Health & Safety at site we have to study the types of hazards and identification of activities that may cause risk.


Safety Plan

Risk :- Risk is a outcome of a Hazard.Types of RiskI. CutII. BurnIII. InjuryIV. FatalityV. CausalityVI. Explosion

Types of HazardsVII.Physical hazard - Physical hazards are different types of energy which

may be hazardous to workers such as Noise, Vibrations, Temperature extremes, Radiation.

VIII.Biological hazard - Exposure may occur during demolition, renovation, sewer work, work on air handling systems, or other construction work from contact with contaminated or disease-carrying Soil, Insects, Water etc.

IX. Chemical hazard - Chemicals can exist in the form of dusts, fumes, fibers (solids), liquids, gases, vapors, welding fumes, spray paints.


Safety Plan (contd.)

IV. Ergonomic hazard - Ergonomic hazards can cause painful and disabling injuries due to heavy, frequent, or awkward lifting, repetitive tasks, awkward grips, postures, using excessive force, overexertion, using wrong tools for the job or using tools improperly, using improperly maintained tools, hand-intensive work.

Identification of Activities that may cause Risks

a) Scaffolding b) Concretingc) Formworkd) Use of laddere) Working at height f) Excavationg) Piling Workh) Weldingi) Gas cuttingj) Bar bendingk) Drivingl) Loading & unloading

m) DG settern) Lifting Equipmento) House Keeping p) Store of chemicalsq) Petroleum productsr) Gas cylinderss) Batching Plantt) Use of dumpersu) Earth moving

equipmentsv) Passenger hoists


Hazard Prevention & control

• Establish procedures for timely correction or control of hazards, 1. Engineering techniques, where feasible and appropriate procedures for safe

work which are understood and followed as a result of training, positive reinforcement, correction of unsafe performance, and enforcement.

2. Provision of personal protective equipment such as:• Eye protection- Glasses• Respiratory protection- Mask• Ear protection- Ear Defenders• Face protection- Face Mask• Head protection- Hard hats• Hand protection- Gloves• Foot protection- safety shoes• Body protection- Jackets• Fall protection- Belts

3. Administrative control4. Provide for facility and equipment maintenance5. Plan and prepare for emergencies6. Training and drills, as needed7. Establish a medical program8. First aid on site9. Physician and emergency care nearby


Do (Responsibility & Communication)

1. Tool Box Talk2. PEP Talk3. Signage's (Safety signs) 4. Posters

Safety & Health Training Addresses the safety and health responsibilities of all personnel, whether salaried or hourly. Ensure that all employees understand the hazards to which they may be exposed and how to prevent harm to themselves and others from exposure to these hazards. Ensure that supervisors carry out their safety and health responsibilities, including• Analyzing the work under their supervision to identify unrecognized potential

hazards• Maintaining physical protections in work areas• Reinforcing employee training through continual performance feedback and, if

needed, enforcement of safe work practices.• Ensure that managers understand their safety and health responsibilities, as

described under the Management Commitment and Employee Involvement element of the guidelines


Checks

• Ensuring work permits• Internal/ External safe audits in regular frequencies• Checklists throughout the construction phase• Preparation of audit reports for check• Indentifying non conformant, non compliance• Near misses actions which has ability to cause risk • Legal requirements


Act

Actions taken for the reduction of accidents.• Management review meetings • Discussion on loop holes in the system• Resources & Budgets are discussed to reduce accidents, costs and increase productivity• Accident analysis• Reactive measures

Accident recording & reportingAccident investigations

• Proactive measuresH & s safety policyH & s safety programme/planH & s safety induction/trainingTool-box talkOthers


Example of an accident analysis

Accident: Falling off a stepladderThe unsafe act: Climbing a defective ladderThe unsafe condition: A defective ladderThe correction: Replace the ladderQuestions:

– Why was the defective ladder not found during normal inspection?– Why did the supervisor allow its use?– Didn’t the injured employee know it should not be used?– Was the employee properly trained?– Was the employee reminded not to use the ladder?– Did the supervisor examine the job first?

Answers:– An improved inspection procedure– Improved training– A better definition of responsibilities– Pre-job planning by supervisors


Thank you