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CIVILENGINEERINGDEPARTMENT

DAMCO-ORDINATE

BY Mr.lalit

PREPARDE BY Abhishek Kumar12btce01

B.Tech 4th sem; civil

What is dam?

Dam is a solid barrier constructed at a suitable location across a river valley to store flowing water.

OrThe arrangement made for systematic

control of water flow for better optimum utilization of available water.

Humanity control over Natural resources

What is the purpose of dam?

The purpose (requirement) of dam is following Drinking

water

Navigation

Flood control

Recreational purposes

Irrigation

Hydropower

Requirement of dam (world wide %)

48.60%

17.40%

12.70%

10.00%

5.30%

0.60% 5.40%

Irrigation

Hydropower

Water Supply

Flood Control

Recreation

Navigation and Fishing

Others

Source: International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD)

Parts of a damDam body: Body forms the main part of a dam as an

impervious barrier Reservoir: It is the artificial lake behind a dam bodySpillway: is that part of a dam to evacuate the flood

water from reservoir. Water intake structures: is a facility to withdraw

water from a reservoir. Sluiceway: Gerektiğinde baraj gölünü tamamen

boşaltmak, dolusavak kapasitesini azaltmak, akarsu mansabına bırakılacak suyu salmak amacına yönelik tesisler.

Diversion facilities: To redirect the streamflow from construction area

Upstream

Spillway

Dam

body

Downstream

Reservoir

Types of dam?

ACCORDING to the SIZE of the DAM1. Large (Big) dam

2. Small dam

International Commision on Large Dams, (ICOLD) assumes a dam as big when its height is bigger than 15m.

If the height of the dam is between 10m and 15m and matches the following criteria, then ICOLD accepts the dam as big:

If the crest length is bigger than 500mIf the reservoir capacity is larger than 1 million

m3

If the flood discharge is more than 2000 m3/sIf there are some difficulties in the construction

of foundation

ACCORDING to HEIGHT of DAM

High Dam or Large Dam If the height of the dam is bigger than 100m

Medium Dam If the height of the dam is between 50m and

100m

Low Dam or Small Dam If the height of the dam is lower than 50m

ACCORDING to the STATICAL DESIGN of DAM BODY

Gravity Dams Arch Dams Butress Dams Embankment(Earth) Dams

Composite Dams

GRAVITY DAM

These dams are heavy and massive wall-like structures of concrete in which the whole weight acts vertically downwards

As the entire load is transmitted on the small area of foundation, such dams are constructed where rocks are competent and stable.

Structure of Gravity Dam

Heel

Gallery

Toe

Spillway(inside dam)

Crest

NWLNormalwater level

MWLMax. level

Free board Sluice way

Upstream Down stream

Example of gravity dam.

Bhakhra Dam• Bhakra Dam is the

highest Concrete Gravity dam in Asia and Second Highest in the world.LOCATION -

BILASHPUR LENGTH – 1700ftHEIGHT – 741ft

BASE – 625ftCAPACITY –

9.3km2

Buttress Dam – Is a gravity dam reinforced by structural supports

Buttress - a support that transmits a force from a roof or wall to another supporting structure

This type of structure can be considered even if the foundation rocks are little weaker

BUTTRESS DAM

A buttress dam

Chief Joseph Dam, Washington State, USA

Hoover Dam, R. Colorado,

U.S.A

Strong rock abutments in a narrow valley

Arch dams

Earth Dams: They are trapezoidal in

shape Earth dams are

constructed where the foundation or the underlying material or rocks are weak to support the masonry dam or where the suitable competent rocks are at greater depth.

Earthen dams are relatively smaller in height and broad at the base

They are mainly built with clay, sand and gravel, hence they are also known as Earth fill dam or Rock fill dam

ADVANTAGE OF DAM

40 % Of world food production comes from Irrigated forming out of which 16% is contributed due to dams.

30-40% of 268 million hectares of irrigated land is watered from dams

19% of world energy comes from hydro-electric power ( which includes 150 countries)

90% of 24 countries 50% in 63 countries

DISADVANTAGE OF DAM

FLOODNOT ECONOMICALTIMECULTURAL DAMAGELoss of forests , wildlife habitat, the

degradation of upstream catchments

Disruption of fishing and waterway traffic

The fragmentation and physical transformation of rivers

Thank You