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Seediscussions,stats,andauthorprofilesforthispublicationat:http://www.researchgate.net/publication/277666334
ROPlantIESL28-05-2015
DATASET·JUNE2015
READS
172
1AUTHOR:
SaravanamuttuSubramaniamSivakumar
UniversityofJaffna
135PUBLICATIONS215CITATIONS
SEEPROFILE
Availablefrom:SaravanamuttuSubramaniamSivakumar
Retrievedon:23December2015
Asian Development Bank
Desalination Overview
and
24 MLD Jaffna SWRO Project
May, 2015
Water Globe
Consulting
Nikolay Voutchkov, PE, BCEE
TA-8668 SRI: Rapid Assessment of Seawater Desalination and
Other Alternative Water Sources for Jaffna Water Supply
Desalination – Where Are We Today?
60%
34%
4% 2%
Technology
RO Thermal ED Other
40 Million m³/day
RO Desalination
23 Million m³/day
Thermal Desalination
40 % of All Plants > 50,000 m³/day
65 % Installed Capacity Increase
Expected by 2015
Largest plant in the world is in Melbourne
Australia with capacity of 412,000 m³/day
Maruthankerny plant capacity is 24,000 m³/day
16,000 Desalination Plants Worldwide –
66.4 Million m³/day
Source: IDA Desalination Yearbook
2013-2014
Source: WDR,
July 2010
Projected New
Desalination Capacity
in 2014
9.5 MM m³/day
Actual New
Capacity in 2013
8.6 MM m³/day
Desalination Trends The Desalination Market Has Higher Growth Rate
than Any Other Water Market Segment
The 2013 Market Size of US$ 9.8 Billion
Is Projected to Double by 2016
Membrane Desalination – Key Trends
SWRO Desalination Most Commonly Used;
Large - (over 60 MLD) and Mega - (over 200 MLD) Desalination Plants Are the Wave of the Future;
Most Large Urban Coastal Centers Worldwide Have Established a Target to Produce 25 % of their Drinking Water from Desalination;
Research &Development Activities are in 10-Year High – Likely to Yield Breakthroughs in Membrane and Desalination Technologies by 2015;
Large SWRO Projects Are Aiming at Sustainability – Use of Alternative Power Supply Sources is On the Rise
Desalination Market Drivers
Water Scarcity
Economic Growth
Population Growth
Main Desalination Market Challenges & Industry Response
Challenge
Industry Response
Relatively High Fresh Water Production
Costs
Accelerated Development of Higher
Productivity RO Membranes
and Lower Cost Pretreatment Systems
and Plant Components
Investment in Non-RO Technologies
High Energy Use
Advances in Low Energy Desalination
Technologies & RO Energy Recovery
Systems
Environmental Impacts
Coupling of Desalination Plants with
Green Power Sources (Wind Power)
Comparative Costs of Other Water Supply Options
Water Production Costs (Medium & Large SWRO Plants)
Classification Cost of
Water Production
(US$/m³)
Low-End Bracket
0.5 – 0.8
Medium Range
1.0 - 1.5
High-End Bracket
2.0 – 4.0
Average
1.0
Key Benefits of Desalinated Water
Drought-proof Water Supply
Human Health Benefits – Less Saline and Less Hard Water: Kidney Failure and Goal Bladder Stone Problems Resolved
Removal of oil , bacteria, viruses and other contaminants
Better Taste
Relief and on Over-pumped Aquifers More water for agriculture Reduction of aquifer salinity over time
Recovery of aquifer levels and increase of the yield of household wells
High Quality Water Attractive to High-tech Industry – Semiconductors, Food, Pharmaceutical and Turism
Jaffna Desalination Project
Current Status
Six Alternative Sites in Jaffna Identified and Visited in September 2014
Two Sites Selected After Preliminary Screening: Martuthankerni/Pallai
Kankesanthurai/Keerimalai
Initial Feasibility Evaluation Completed in December 2014 - Martuthankerni/Pallai Site Selected as Preferred
Initially Investigated Plant Sites
Selecting the Plant Site
Key Factors
Impacting
Selection
Concentrate
Disposal
(Location,
Environmental Impact
& Costs)
Type and Location of
Key Water Users &
Power Supply Source
(Distance & Cost to
Connect)
Site Conditions
(Geotechnical, Climate,
Soil Contamination,
Endangered Species,
Cost of Land)
Socio-economic
factors
Source Water Quality
(Intake Location,
Environmental Impact
& Costs)
Selected Desalination Plant Sites
Martuthankerni/Pallai Site
Low Cost Desalination Plant Configuration
Alternative Low Cost Configuration
Initial Plant Layout
General Plant Layout
Plant Side View
Plant Street View
UF Membrane Pretreatment System
SWRO System
Intake – General Schematic
1000m
10
m
5-6
m
Intake and Outfall Configurations
- 10 m
- 5 m
Offshore Tower Intake Configuration
800 to 1000 m from shore
4 - 5 m
10 m
2 m
10 – 12 m
Wedgewire Screen Intake
Intake Pipe Laid on the Bottom
Intake Pipe with Tower - Buried
1000 m
500 m
Concentrate Disposal
Outfall with Diffusers Designed
to Reduce Salinity Down to 35 g/l
of Ambient Levels within 50 m of the Discharge
Salinity
Ocean 35 g/l
Intake 28 g/l
Discharge 50 g/l
Inner lagoon 90 g/l
Summary of Plant Energy Use and Costs
Parameter Martuthankerni/Pallai Kankesanthurai/
Keermalai
Average Energy Use, kWh/m³
RO System
Total Plant (w/o Delivery)
2.27
3.20
2.27
3.33
Total Plant Power Demand, MW 3.84(avg.)/4.80
(max)
4.00 (avg.)/4.97 (max)
Capital Costs, in million US$
46.3 48.1
Annual O&M Costs,
in million US$/year
3.76 3.85
Annualized Capital Costs, US$/m³
(20 years loan @ 6 %)
0.46 0.48
Annual O&M Costs, US$/m³
0.43 0.44
Total Cost of Water Production,
US$/m³
0.89 0.92
Jaffna Desalination Plant –
Capital Cost Breakdown
Intake – 12%
of CC
Post-treatment –
3% of CC
RO System –
36% of CC
Pretreatment –
13% of CC
Total Capital Cost
US$46.3 – 48.1 MM
Construction Cost (CC)
US$34.6 – 36.0 MM
Storage Tank –
5% of CC
Discharge Outfall –
8% of CC
Other Costs
– 35% of CC
Energy Use of the Jaffna SWRO Plant
Intake – 10%
(0.3 kWh/m³)
Product Water Delivery
2%
RO System –
74%
Pretreatment –
6%
(0.15 kWh/m³)
(2.4 kWh/m³) (0.1 kWh/m³)
Other Facilities
8%
(0.25 kWh/m³)
Total Energy Use
3.20-3.33 kWh/m³
For TDS = 32 ppt
&
Temp. = 29°C
Jaffna SWRO Project O&M Cost Breakdown
O&M Cost
US$0.43 – 0.44/m³
Concluding Remarks
Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination is Proven
Technology with Over 20 Years of Worldwide Experience
Jaffna Desalination Project is Feasible
O&M Costs for the Fresh Water Production –
US$0.43-0.44/m³
Project Capital Cost – US$46 to 48 million
Project Construction Period – 24 months
Key Benefits of Desalinated Water
Drought-proof Water Supply
Human Health Benefits – Less Saline and Less Hard Water: Kidney Failure and Goal Bladder Stone Problems Resolved
Removal of oil , bacteria, viruses and other contaminants
Better Taste
Relief and on Over-pumped Aquifers More water for agriculture Reduction of aquifer salinity over time
Recovery of aquifer levels and increase of the yield of household wells
High Quality Water Attractive to High-tech Industry – Semiconductors, Food, Pharmaceutical and Tourism
Benefits to Maruthankerny area
The high content of nutrients in the discharge will attract more fish.
New infrastructure developments (Roads, power supply etc)
Employment opportunities for local people.
Area will attract high tech industries.
High quality water supply for future generations.
Next steps
Establishment of Grievance Redress Mechanism
Marine biological survey
Contour survey of the bottom of the ocean
Modeling of salinity dispersion and sediment transport
Source water quality collection
Meetings with public and stakeholders
Project review by local and central environmental authorities (CCD, CEA, NARA & MEPA) and ADB
Finalize the design of the intake and outfall
Monitoring – before, during (24 months) and after construction and during operation
