1. This industry generates more than $53.8 billion USD worldwide each year.

2. The average consumer is wearing four products at any given time of this type

3. The first popular product made with a shoelace and holes was invented in 1790.

4. This industry has experienced widespread popularity since 3000 BC.

5. More than 23 billion square feet of this were produced in 2007.

Do you know?

It is none other than..

Submitted to: Mrs. Jeena Gupta

Deptt. Of Biosciences and Biotechnology

Lovely Professional University

Submitted by:Vir Sapan Pratap Anand

11202530Section : B1214Roll No. : A08

Case StudyPresentationBTY 405M:: Enzyme Technology

Topic :Application of Enzymes in Leather Industry

Enzymes and applications of leather Conventional leather processing Microbial Enzyme Technology in leather industry Enzymes in: Pre-tanning Soaking Dehairing Bating Degreasing For By products and effluent treatment

Topics to be discussed:

macromolecular biological catalysts. accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions. What is leather? Where we use leather ? Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skin,

often cattle hide. produced at manufacturing scales ranging

from cottage industry to heavy industry. Binding, clothing, accessories, footwear,

furniture, gloves, sports, bags,

Enzymes and applications of leather:

Soaking: Rehydration of skin and hides Hair Removal: Chemical digestion using sodium

sulphide Deliming: Increasing softness Pickling: Neutralization of hides in water, salt,

HCl Tanning:  treating skins and hides of animals to

produce leather, which is more durable and less susceptible to decomposition.

Dyeing: using rotating drums Rolling: To make stronger

Steps in chemical leather processing:

The tanning industry is known to be very polluting especially through effluents high in organic and inorganic dissolved and suspended solids content.

Microbial Enzymes provide alternate technology to the conventional methods and can solve pollution problems.

Need of enzymes: Biological solution to pollution:

Proteolytic enzymes Proteases Peptidases pH= b/w 2.5 and 6.0 Temp = 60 degree celsius

Enzymes in pre-tanning and soaking:

Aspergillus Parasiticus Bacillus Subtillis A. oryzae A. flavus pH=5.5-10.0 Time=8-10 hrs.

Microorgainisms used in soaking

1. Reduction in use of sodium sulphide 2. Recovery of good quality hair 3. Better strength 4. Greater surface area 5. Simplification in reducing no. of steps

Advantages of enzyme dehairing:

1. Use of pancreatic enzymes2. 35-37 degree celsius3. Bated skins produce good

physicochecmical properties4. Degreasing: 5. pH=3.66. Temp=28-32’C7. Time=40 min.For by product utilization: 20-40 degree

celsius

Bating and degreasing:

Leather is a common used materail in day to day life

There are many applications of it. Chemical leather production process creates

pollution. Using enzymes we can reduce pollution and no. of

steps in process. Tanneries in future: Enzymes + Chemicals Use of microbial enzymes: reduction in pollution Future will witness Eco-labelled leather Case taken from Central Leather Research Institute

Conclusion:

Any Queries ??