Gis powerpoint

GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY

Prepared By:-

Vedant Dave 140120119247

Vivek Verma 140120119248

Kuldeep Tiwari 140120119233

Prahar Vyas 140120119251

Nilesh Sharma 140120119215

Presentation on

“Geographical Information System”

Guided By:-

Mrs. Priyanka Mehta

Mrs. Ankita Shah

Elements of Civil Engineering

Flow of Presentation

1. Introduction to GIS

2. History of Development

3. Key Components of GIS

4. GIS Processes

5. 4 M’s of GIS

6. Contribution Disciplines of GIS

7. Applications of GIS

8. Research Papers

Introduction to GISGEOGRAPHIC

implies that locations of the data items are known, or can be

calculated, in terms of Geographic coordinates (Latitude,

Longitude)

INFORMATION

implies that the data in a GIS are organized to yield useful

knowledge, often as colored maps and images, but also as statistical

graphics, tables, and various on-screen responses to interactive

queries.

SYSTEM

implies that a GIS is made up from several inter-related and linked

components with different functions. Thus, GIS have functional

capabilities for data capture, input, manipulation, transformation,

visualization, combinations, query, analysis, modelling and output.

A Model of GIS

•Allow users to create interactive queries.

•Analyze spatial information

• Edit data in maps.

• Geographic concepts, applications, and systems.

• Refers to a number of different technologies, processes,

and methods.

• Foundation for many location-enabled services that rely

on analysis and visualization.

• Relate unrelated information.

• RecordsLocations or extents in the Earth space–time.

The x, y and z axis representating the longitude, latitude,

and elevation, respectively

• John Snow's 1855 map of the Soho cholera in the London.

History of Development

1966 GIS demonstrated by Howard Fisher

1969 ESRI founded

1970’s satellites aid GPS

1971 GIS project used a layering system to display data

1979 Odessy developed

GIS concepts

London cholera epidemic 1854

8

Cholera death

Water pump

Soho

+

1986 MapInfo developed

1986 SPOT satellite was launched.

1992 the Lebanon used GIS to rebuild electricity network the

KEY COMPONENTS OF GIS

•Analyse and display geographic information.

2. Software:-

•Provides function and tools needed.

1. Hardware:-

• Used in stand-alone or networked configurations.

• Chief part of GIS such as Computer etc.

• Help to run centralized computer servers to desktop

3. Data:-

•Collects the geographic and other tabular data

•It assemble to use specifications and requirements

•Integrate spatial data with other existing data resources

•Key functionality is to store the data.

4. People:-

• Developers and users are quiet important.

• Ranges from Specialists to Normal Users.

5. Procedures:-

• Drafting Designs

• Integration into the business strategy and operation

• Implementing Plans

• Requires necessary investments in hardware and

software

4.People:-

CaptureData

GIS Process

RegisterMap Base

InterpretData

Convert Datato DigitalFormat

Store Datain Computer

ProcessData

DisplayResults

4 M’s of GIS

Land Use Environmental

Cadastral Assessment

Agriculture Drainage Network

Hydrology Model Terrains

4 M’s

Measurement

Mapping

Monitoring

Modelling

Contribution Disciplines

GIS

Geography

Automated

Cartography

Cartography

CAD,CAM

Surveying

Remote Sensing

Technology

Photographical

Digital

Photogrammetry

Statistics

Mathematics

Applications of GIS

1. Agriculture Farm management

Pest/Disease tracking

Crop monitoring

Yield prediction

Soil analysis

2. Natural Resource Management

Forestry

Ecology

Mining

Petroleum

Water Resources

3.Planning and Economic Development

Land Use/Zoning

Emergency Preparedness

Population Forecast

Market Analysis

Property Tax Assessment

Transportation

4. Geography Matters

Today’s challenges require geographic approach

Climate Change

Urban Growth

Sustainable Agriculture

Water Quality and Availability

International and National Security

Energy

Epidemiology/Disease Tracking

Natural Hazards: Seismicity, Weather Events

5.Vehicle Routing

6. Land Use Planning and Management

Map of Ahmedabad City through GIS

7.Environmental Applications

• Land cover and land use analysis

• Modelling watersheds

• Soil Erosion

• Forest management

• Conservation and Protected Areas

Marine Map

8.Business Applications

• Delivery of goods and services

• Retail store placement

• Distribution of competitors

• Location of potential customers

• Traffic flow

• Parking locations

Expenditures using costumer market data

L

Literature Review

TOPIC:-

An overview of

“Geographic Information

System" and its role and

applicability in

Environmental

Monitoring and Process

Modelling

Author:-

Miroslav Rusko,

Roman Chovanec,

Dana Roskova

Volume 29

Edition :- 1st

Year:- 2010

Methodology Used:- Result/Conclusion:-

GIS system are the powerful

and effective tool for creating

intelligent maps. The system

functions only when the

requisite expertise is available,

the data are compiled, the

necessary routines are

organized, and the programs are

modified to suit the application,

and/or the organization’s needs.

GIS integrates all kinds of

information and applications

with a geographic component

into one manageable system.

The hardware and software

functions of GIS include:-

• Data input

• Data storage

• Data management (data

manipulation, updating,

changing, exchange)

• Data reporting (retrieval,

presentation, analysis,

combination, etc.).

All of these actions and

operations are applied to

GIS as a tool that forms its

database.

L

Literature Review

TOPIC:-

Developing a Web-based

GIS Application

for Earthquake

Information

Author :-

A. Garagon Dogru ,

T. Selcuk ,

H. Ozener,

O. Gurkan, G. Toz

Volume 1

Edition :- 1st

Year:- NA


It is designed to allow viewing,

querying, and analysis of

geographic information. This

application is a software

independent System. It offers

maximum functionality with the

minimum effort. The drawback

in such a distributed system is

that data come

from different sources based on

different forms and datas

which cause havoc in a GIS. The

response time for generating

maps is related to the map server

configuration (memory, disk, and

processor).

This paper focuses on

development and

implementation of a web-

based GIS application for

earthquake information.

Methods used:-

• Integrating various data from

different sources.

• Provides public users to

access information.

• Gathers information about

Earthquakes doing spatial

and attribute query.

• Easy data management

including maintenance and

updating.

L

Literature Review

TOPIC:-

GIS Technology for

Disasters

and Emergency

Management

Author :-

Russ Johnson

Volume 1

Edition :- 1st

Year:- May 2000


This paper will identify

emergency management

activities and describe how

GIS technology plays a

critically important role.

Methods Used:-

• Information analysis • Mapping• Emergency management

planning • Planning Implementation• Modifications in Planning•Data Reporting

GIS allows emergency

management needs to be

identified prior to an incident.

Emergency management

personnel can use modeling for

training, for actual tactical

deployment during a disaster,

or to analyze the consequences

of a possible disaster. In short,

the thoughtful application of a

GIS can take

much of the panic and surprise

out of emergencies.

It is designed to allow viewing, querying, and analysisof geographic information.

Literature Review

TOPIC:-

GIS and Transportation:

Status and Challenges

Author:-

Michael F. Goodchild

Volume 1

Edition :- 1st


Database designs have been

influenced by a number of

historical practices and

traditions, and three of these

have been of particular

significance to GIS: map,

navigation, and the study of

behavior. Six research

challenges have been

identified, ranging from the

technical issues of

representation and unambiguous

communication of location to

the economic modeling of GIS

data creation and use.

The application of GIS in

transportation, dates from

the very earliest in the 1960s.

Methods Used:-

• The mapping

• The navigation

• Unambiguous

communication

• Connectivity

• Response to new

technologies

• Map Implementation

• Map Recovery

ReferencesWebsites:-

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.org

www.mtf.stuba.sk

ncgia.ucsb.edu

www.isprs.org

Journals:-

Research Papers Authors

Developing a Web-based GIS

Application for Earthquake Info.

GIS and its role and applicability in

Environmental Monitoring and

Process Modelling

GIS Technology for Disasters and

Emergency Management

GIS and Transportation: Status and

Challenges

Miroslav Rusko, Roman Chovanec,

Dana Roskova

A. Garagon Dogru , T. Selcuk ,

H. Ozener, O. Gurkan, G. Toz

Russ Johnson

Michael F. Goodchild

1.

2.

3.

4.

Books:-

R.B.Khasiya