GRID

VOLTAGE

REGULATION

SUBMITTED BY:-

ADITYA NEHWAL

ROLL NO - 02

S7 - EEE

CONTENTS

INTRODUTION

OBJECTIVE

VOLTAGE REGULATION DESCRIPTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

SIMULATION RESULT ANALYSIS

SMART GRID CONCEPT

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

APPLICATION

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Grid Voltage Regulation utilizing storage batteries in

PV solar–wind plant based distributed generation

system.

Utilities have voltage regulation equipment at various

points of the distribution system to insure customers

receive the proper voltage at their meter during any

load level.

The past and even present voltage regulation

philosophy was not developed with widespread, so

Distributed Energy Resources comes in mind at

customer premises.

OBJECTIVE

Power supply and demand balance with high penetration

of renewable energy.

Distribution voltage stability in case of a large amount

of distributed generators.

Power-saving and energy conservation.

Blackout prevention and outage time reduction.

Demand response in severe power system condition.

VOLTAGE REGULATION DESCRIPTION

Voltage regulation: The degree of deviation of

terminal voltage ,when load current is applied at any

power factor or the percentage change in the output

voltage from no-load to full-load.

Regulation = ( [V]nl-[V]l) [V]nl

Where [V]nl & [V]l are the no-load and load terminal

voltages.

ELECTRICAL GRID: An electrical grid is an interconnected network for

delivering electricity to suppliers to consumers.

It consist of generating station that produce electrical

power, high voltage transmission lines that carry

power from distant sources to demand centre &

distribution lines that connect individual customers.

The AC electrical grids are composed of substations

connected to each other by overhead, underground,

lines.

BLOCK DIAGRAM DISCRIPTION

Proposed utilisation solar-wind farm

Operational modes:

The voltage and flow of power at PCC(point of common

coupling) is monitored.

During night-time If the PCC voltage is observed to

increase beyond a certain level. significant amount of

reverse power flow is detected, the battery charging loop

is activated.

Part of the wind generated real power (ΔPWF) is

extracted and utilized to charge the batteries such that

the voltage at PCC will be regulated.

.

Several batteries can be charged simultaneously if very

high amount of reverse power flow causing significant

voltage rise at PCC is noticed.

PVSolar – wind farm work together for charging and

discharging of battery.

During the day-time, this stored energy in the batteries

is delivered back to the PCC

In morning hours or late afternoon hours when the

power generated from PV solar farm is not at its peak,

the battery will be connected in parallel with solar farm

generated output.

PV solar farm and storage battery will simultaneously

support the load power demand.

If the power generated by a DG is more than load

demand connected downstream of the PCC, the excess

power flows back towards the main grid.

SIMULATION RESULT ANALYSIS

SYSTEM FEEDER VOLTAGE CONTROL USING PV SOLAR

FARM INVERTER AND STORAGE BATTERY (DURING

BATTERY CHARGING).

INVERTER CURRENT AND GRID CURRENT

PROFILES DURING BATTERY CHARGING.

SYSTEM FEEDER VOLTAGE CONTROL OFINVERTER AND STORAGE BATTERY (DURINGBATTERY DISCHARGING ) .

INVERTER AND GRID CURRENT PROFILES DURING

BATTERY DISCHARGING.

SMART GRID CONCEPT

A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses

analogue or digital information and communications

technology

It act on information about the behaviours of suppliers

and consumers.

It work in automated fashion to improve the efficiency,

reliability, economics, and sustainability of the

production and distribution of electricity.

SMART GRID NETWORK

ADVANTAGES

Balance Management Validation Operation

Distribution Management Validation Operation

Total Operation (Balancing and Distribution

Management)

During each of these operations mode power shortage

can maintain.

Troubles such as lighting, voltage drop, short circuit

and so on will be tested.

.

Distributed Generation increases the reliability of

power supply to the consumers.

Significantly reduces Transmission and Distribution

losses.

It improve the voltage profiles, power quality and

supports the voltage stability of the system.

This allows the system to withstand higher loading

conditions and

Reduce the cost of Infrastructure for building the

transmission and distribution systems.

Utilization of solar-wind can be made part of the

smart grid or micro grid to improve the efficiency of

the system.

DISVANTAGES

Wind turbines will have visual, acoustic and bird life

impact.

This farms require large area compared to the

conventional technologies for the same installed

capacity.

The output of some of the renewable energy sources

such as wind, PV are variable and difficult to predict.

Connecting the Distributed Generation sources to the

grid is complex.

Protection design requires good communication

between Distributed Generation project developer and

Grid authorities. during the design.

APPLICATION

Voltage sags that degrade power can stem from a

number of sources at the utility.

Useful in voltage trips, recloses, fault depressions,

commutations, and inductive electrical loads.

Industrial loads that involve electric arc furnaces,

large motor starts and stalls, thus disrupting of

voltage can reduce.

It is very useful to PQ-IVR(power quality of

industrial voltage restorer) system.

CONCLUSION

The bidirectional inverter of PV solar farm is utilized

as a battery charger especially during the night-time to

charge the batteries

voltage rise (due to a substantial amount of reverse

power flow from the wind farm) is controlled by

utilizing the solar farm inverter to charge the batteries.

The solar farm inverter is operated as a three-phase

controlled rectifier which draws sinusoidal currents at

unity power factor operation

A new generation of devices for voltage regulation

based on solid-state technology are in the early

commercialization stages.

Distribution regulation involves a "regulation point":

the point at which the equipment tries to maintain

constant voltage.

Customers closer than this point experience the

opposite effect: higher voltage at high load, and

lower voltage at light load.

THANK YOU