Global System for Mobile Communication

Presented by:Name:- Shuddha Satya BiswasWBUT Roll no.:- 14800313070

Registration No.:- 131480110259

ECE department

FUTURE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Global System for Mobile Communication(GSM)

ContentsTOPICS

1. Introduction2. History 3. Evolution of GSM4. Architecture of GSM5. GSM Network6. Different Components of GSM 6.1 Mobile Switching 6.1.1 Mobile Equipment (ME) 6.1.2 Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) 6.2 Base Station System(BSS) 6.2.1 base transceiver station(BTS) 6.2.2 base station controller(BSC) 6.3 Mobile services switching center(MSC)7. GSM Specifications8. Applications, Advantages & Disadvantages of GSM9. Future Aspects10. References11. Acknowledgement

Introduction GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication) is open,

Digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and Data Transfer.

GSM basically uses circuit switched system and divides each 200 kHz signal into 8 25 kHz time slots and operates in 900 MHz,1800 MHz and 1.8GHz bands.

The data transfer rates vary from 64kbps to 120kbps.

It uses a narrow band transmission technique- basically Time Division Multiplex Access.

GSM supports data transfer speeds of up to 9.6 kbps, allowing the transmission of basic data services such as SMS (Short Message Service)

History• 1982- First time GSM technology is created. That time it named as groupe Special Mobile(GSM)

• 1987- Initial MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) aside the drafting of technical specifications was signed by network operators of 13 countries

• 1991- Validation and trials, of the radio interface and First system trials are demonstrated at the Telecom 91 exhibition.

• 1992- Official commercial launch of GSM service in Europe. First Launch in Finland

• 1998- GSM MoU joins 3GPP (UMTS) GPRS Trials begins

• 2000- 480M GSM Network operators Worldwide, First GPRS Networks roll out

• (1G)First Generation- ‘80s

Evolution of GSMAnalog System- AMPS

Digital System- DAMPS

• (2G)Second Generation- late '80 - Digital- GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication)

• (2.5G) Generation- Mid '90s -Digital- GPRS(General Pocket Ratio System)

• (2.75G) Generation- 2000- Fully Digital- GPRS+EDGE (Enhance Data for GSM Revolution)

Different Components of GSMGSM

Mobile Switching Base Station System(BSS) Mobile services switching center(MSC)

ME SIMBTS BSC

EIRAuCVLRHLR

Mobile Equipment (ME)• Frequency and Time Synchronization

• Voice encoding and transmission

• Voice encryption/decryption functions

• Power measurements of adjacent cells

• Power level : 0.8W – 20 W

• 160 character long SMS.

• International Mobile Equipment Identifier (IMEI)

Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)• Portable Smart Card with memory (ROM-6KB to 16KB-A3/A8 algorithm, RAM- 128KB TO 256KB,

EEPROM- 3KB to 8KB )

Static Information International Mobile Subscriber Identity(IMSI) Personal Identification Number (ICCID) Authentication Key Dynamic Information Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity(TMSI) Location Area Identity (LAI) Phone memories, billing information Ability to store Short Messages received

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)• Handles the radio interface to the mobile station

• Consists of one or more radio terminals for transmission and reception

• Each Radio terminal represents an RF Channel

• TRX and MS communicates over Um interface

• Received data transcoding

• Voice encryption/decryption

• Signal processing functions of the radio interface

• Uplink Radio channel power measurements

Base Station Controller (BSC)• Provides all the control functions and physical links between the MSC and BTS

• External Interfaces

• ‘A’ interface towards the MSC

• Monitors and controls several BTSs

• Management of channels on the radio interface

• Alarm Handling from the external interfaces

• Switching from ‘Abis’ link to the ‘A’ link

• Interface to OMC for BSS Management

Mobile Services Switching Center(MSC)

• Performs call switching

• Interface of the cellular network to PSTN

• Routes calls between PLMN and PSTN

• Queries HLR when calls come from PSTN to mobile user

• Inter-BSC Handover

• Paging

• Billing

Visitor Location Register (VLR)• Database that contains Subscriber parameters and location

information for all mobile subscribers currently located in the geographical area controlled by that VLR

• Identity of Mobile Subscriber

• Copy of subscriber data from HLR

• Generates and allocates a Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity(TMSI)

• Location Area Code

• Provides necessary data when mobile originates call

Home Location Register (HLR)

• Stores user data of all Subscribers related to the GMSC

• International Mobile Subscriber Identity(IMSI)

• Users telephone number (MS ISDN)

• Subscription information and services

• VLR address

• Reference to Authentication center for key (Ki)

• Referred when call comes from public land network

Authentication Center (AuC)

• Stores Subscriber authentication data called Ki, a copy of which is also stored in in the SIM card

• Generates security related parameters to authorize a subscriber (SRES-Signed Response)

• Generates unique data pattern called Cipher key (Ki) for user data encryption

• Provides triplets - RAND, SRES & Ki, to the HLR on request.

Equipment Identity Register(EIR)

• EIR is a database that contains a list of all valid mobile station equipment within the network, where each mobile station is identified by its International Mobile Equipment Identity(IMEI).

• EIR has three databases.

• White list - For all known, good IMEI’s• Black list - For all bad or stolen handsets• Grey list - For handsets/IMEI’s that are on observation

GSM Specifications• Frequency band Uplink 890 - 915 MHz Downlink 935 - 960MHz• Duplex Frequency Spacing 45MHz• Carrier separation 200KHz• Frequency Channels 124• Time Slots /Frame(Full Rate) 8• Voice Coder Bit Rate 13Kbps• Modulation GMSK• Air transmission rate 270.833333 Kbps• Access method FDMA/TDMA• Speech Coder RPE-LTP-LPC

Application• Controlling and Monitoring Roller Doors

Electric Gates

Motors Vending Machines

Air-Conditioners

Lights Power Outlets

Door Locks Arcade Gaming

Machines Reset

Computer Servers

• Remote Camera Monitoring• GSM technology use in GPRS system.• To fine the exact location and routing purpose.• Voice call and SMS

Advantages & Disadvantages of GSM Advantages

• It is more cost effective.

• GSM receivers are widely available- mobile phones and GSM modems

• It has high data transfer speed.

• High capacity

• High transmission quality

• Worldwide connectivity

Disadvantages

• Many of the technology are patented and should be license from QUALCOMM.

• · When customers using particular sites going up and the range of he sites goes down.

• · Manufactures are not release IS-95 devices due to the lack of the big market and it come in late in market.

• · IS-95 is normally installed in small tower.

• · GSM has fixed max call sites range up to 35 km that is very limited.

Future Aspects3 Generation(3G) widespread radio interface and W-CDMA (Wide band CDMA)Data rate : 0.348 – 2.0 Mbps

4 Generation(4G)W-CDMA(Wide band CDMA) with TD LTE and LTE FDD on a LIVE 4G network data rate: 2 Mbps to 135 Mbps

5 Generation(5G)Etsy + 3GPP + IEEE 802.11ad.data rate: 135mbps to 1-2 Gbps

Referenceswww.Wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM

Fundamentals of Cellular Network Planning and Optimization by Ajay R. Mishra

GSM Switching, Services, and Protocols by Joerg Eberspaecher, Hans-Joerg Voegel, Christian Bettstetter

GSM, GPRS and EDGE Performance: Evolution Towards 3G/UMTS by Timo Halonen, Javier Romero, Juan Meler

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to Prof. Gargi Bhattacharya for the golden opportunity she had given to me to perform on this wonderful seminar presentation on “GSM Technology”, which also helped me in doing a lot of Research and I came to know about so many important things I am really thankful to her.

Secondly I would also like to thank my friends who helped me a lot in finalizing and gathering these much information within the limited time frame