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Name: Mishail GuptaDepartment: ECE Batch: E312EJTEC041Practical training SeminarField: Automation
AUTOMATION TYPES OF AUTOMATION INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANY WHAT IS PLC? WHAT IS SCADA? SENSORS ASSEMBLY LINES ACTUATOR &DRUM BRAKE ASSEMBLY QUALITY GAUGES MAINTENANCE OF THE COMPANY FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION
CONTENTS
Automation is basically the delegation of human control functions to technical equipment aimed towards achieving:
Higher productivity.Superior quality of end product.Efficient usage of energy and raw materials. Improved safety in working conditions etc.
AUTOMATION
Building automation Example: lifts, smoke detectors
Office automation Example: printers, cctv cameras
Scientific automation Example: rocket launching
Light automation Example: street solar lightening
Industrial automation Example: automated bottle filling stations , steel factories etc
TYPES OF AUTOMATION
The use of Computerized or robotic devices to complete manufacturing tasks.
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION
PLANT
FIELDINSTRUM
ENTCONTROL SYSTEM
HARDWARE
CONTROL
SOFTWARE
CONTROL
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is an industrial computer that monitors inputs, makes decisions based on its program and controls outputs to automate a process or machine.
The automation of many different processes, such as controlling machines or factory assembly lines, is done through the use of small computers called a programmable logic controllers (PLCs).
PLC(PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER)
To reduce human efforts . To get maximum efficiency from machine and control them with
human logic . To reduce complex circuitry of entire system . To eliminate the high costs associated with inflexible, relay-controlled
systems.
WHY PLC?
UNDERSTANDING OF PLC (Example )Machine can be controlled by PLC without human efforts
MAJOR COMPONENTS OF A PLC
PROCESSOR
POWERSUPPLY
I MN O P D U UT L E
O M U OT DP UU LT E
PROGRAMMING DEVICE
From SENSORSPushbuttons,
contacts,limit switches,
etc.
ToOUTPUT
Solenoids, contactors,
alarmsetc.
PLC
INPUT OUTPUT
PUSH BUTTONS
1. INPUT MODULES accepts and converts signals from sensors into a logic signal
Ex. : Switches, Pushbuttons.2. OUTPUT MODULES that convert control instructions a signal that can be used by actuators. Ex. : lamps, alarm.
COMPONENTS (INPUT /OUTPUT)
3. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU) It is the brain of PLC and governs the activities of the entire PLC systems
The CPU consists of following blocks : Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Internal memory of CPU Internal timers ,counters and Flags .
The various operations performed are : Scanning I/O bus traffic control, Program execution, Peripheral and External device communication, Data handling and self diagnostics.
PROCESSOR
4. MEMORY is the component that stores information, programs and data in a PLC.
COMPONENTS
(CPU ,MEMORY)
Types of memories used in PLCs are read only memory (ROM) and random access memory (RAM).
5. POWER SUPPLY Provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC components.
POWERSUPPLY
6. PROGRAMMING DEVICEThe programming terminal is used for programming the PLC and monitoring/sequencing PLCs operation.
PROGRAMMING DEVICE
COMPONENTS (POWER SUPPLY, PROGRAMMING DEVICE)
CHECK INPUT STATUS First the PLC takes a look at each I/O to determine if it is on or off.
EXECUTE PROGRAM Next the PLC executes the programone instruction at a time.
UPDATE OUTPUT STATUS Finally the PLC updates the status of the outputs .It updates the outputs based on which inputs were on during the first step.
PLC OPERATION
Ladder logic is a programming language used to develop software for PLC used in industrial control applications.
RUNGES
RAIL RAIL
PLC PROGRAMMING
ELEMENTS OF LADDER LOGIC
NORMALLY OPEN NORMALLY CLOSED
(CONTACT) (CONTACT)
COILS
Ladder Logic For Basic gates
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
OFF
OFF
ON
A
AND Gate
A B Y
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
ON
ON
OR Gate
A
B
Y
NOR Gate
A B Y
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFFON
ON
OFF
ONOFF
ON
ON
ONON
OFF
A B Logic(Y)
OFF
OFF
ONON
OFF
ON
OFFON
ON
OFF
OFFOFF
NAND Gate
B
Y
A
Manufacturing / Machining Food / BeverageTextile Industry Travel Industry Aerospace Printing Industry
AREAS OF APPLICATION
Replacing Human Operators Dangerous Environments Beyond Human Capabilities
Fast
Easily programmed and have an easily understood programming language.
Improves Productivity
Improves Quality
ADVANTAGES
Initial Costs Are High
There's Too Much Work Required In Connecting Wires
Unemployment Rate Increases
DISADVANTAGES
21
What is SCADA?
SCADA SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATIONS (ILIA DORMISHEV, KRENAR KOMONI)
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Supervisory
Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc Control
Monitoring Limited Telemetry Remote/Local
Data acquisition Access and acquire information or data from the
equipment Sends it to different sites through telemetry Analog / Digital
NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY
22
Why SCADA?
SCADA SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATIONS (ILIA DORMISHEV, KRENAR KOMONI)
Saves Time and Money Less traveling for workers (e.g. helicopter ride) Reduces man-power needs Increases production efficiency of a company Cost effective for power systems Saves energy
Reliable Supervisory control over a particular system
NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY
23
Where is SCADA used?
SCADA SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATIONS (ILIA DORMISHEV, KRENAR KOMONI)
Main SCADA applications: Water and Wastewater Power Oil and Gas Research facilities Transportation Security systems Siren systems Irrigation Communication control
NORWICH UNIVERISTY CENTER OF EXELLENCE IN DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM SECURITY
1. Sensors2. Solenoids3. Load cells4. Limit switch5. Relay
Input/output used in automation
Assembling of complex items such as automobiles, transportation equipments, household appliances & electronic goods.
Different operations are:1. rework station2. Bladder screw assembly3. Low pressure testing4. High pressure testing………
Assembly lines & operations
Actuator assembly is used to describe actuator mechanism.
It consists of a typical power supply, actuator arm , actuator mechanism.
Drum brake assembly components include:1. Backing plate2. Brake drum3. Springs & pins
Study about actuator assembly & drum brake assembly
Used to make measurements in order to display certain information, like time, thickness.
Types:Pressure gaugeHydraulic gaugeBore gauge
Quality gauges
1. coordinate measuring machine (CMM)Device used for measuring physical
geometrical characteristics of an object.2. MicrometersPrecise measurement of components.
Measuring instruments in automation
. Maintenance is the discipline and profession for the optimization of equipment, procedures, and departmental budgets to achieve better maintainability, reliability, and availability of equipment
Types1. Preventive2. Predictive3. Time-based4. Condition-based
Maintenance of the company
Because of relatively small production volumes and huge applications, industrial automation uses new technologies that are present in the market.
In the coming time there would be fully automated factories established which would not only reduce and save time and energy but also leads to increase in countries economic growth.
Future scope
The PLC have in recent years experienced an unprecedented growth as universal element in industrial automation .It can be effectively used in applications ranging from simple control like replacing a small number of relays to complex automation problems.Today the PLCs are used for control & automation job in a single machine & it increases up to full automation of manufacturing / testing process in a factory. It is said that countries that have embraced automation enjoy a higher standard of living than those that have not. At the same time, a concern is often aired that automating tasks jobs from people that used to build things by hand. Regardless of the social implications , there is no doubt that productivity increases with the proper application of automation techniques.
CONCLUSION
