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Explanation of the nZEB building energy rating and how it influences the design of buildings differently in Ireland and in the UK.
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Understanding Renewables in DEAP
Simon McGuinness MRIAI, Dip.Arch., B.Arch.Sc., CEPHD
#PassiveLogical
DEAP: New Build, Retrofit & Renewables
Current Building Regulations Residential - A3 Non-Residential - 2005 Retrofit
Future Building Regulations to meet EPBD/EED (nZEB) Residential to nZEB Non-Residential to nZEB Retrofit to nZEB
Renewables requirement in DEAP Case Study: BRE Scotland, Case Study: Galway Passive House Retrofit
DEAP – Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure
Only acceptable proof of compliance with Part L for new build
EPC < 0.400 and CPC < 0.460
Does not yet apply to retrofit, extensions or material changes
BER required if grants are sought from SEAI
BER required for property sale, lease of all properties
DEAP – calculation of energy systems
Primary energy and CO2 factors for space heating
DEAP – calculation of energy systems
DEAP – calculation of energy systems
CHIMNEY/OPEN FIRE:- Fuel efficiency
penalty- Ventilation losses
penalty- CO2 penalty
DEAP – PE factor for Electricity
DEAP – Renewables as % of total energy
DEAP – Projected PE factor
DEAP – Effect of PE reduction to 1.4Dwelling built in 2013 with air/water heat pump, PV panel and underfloor heating
DEAP – Effect of PE reduction to 1.4Dwelling built in 2013 with air/water heat pump, PV panel and underfloor heating
1.0 ach 6.7 ach
2014 BER assessment 2024 BER assessment
6.7 ach
DEAP – Effect of airtightnessDwelling designed in 2014 with air/water heat pump, PV panel, radiators and MVHR
1.0 ach
6.7 ach
DEAP – Effect of airtightness + PE factorDwelling designed in 2014 with air/water heat pump, PV panel, radiators and MVHR
1.0 ach 1.0 ach + 1.4 PEf
Typical Irish New Build
to Part L 20116.7 ach
PHPP – Effect of airtightnessPassive House retrofit designed in 2012 with air/water heat pump, radiators and MVHR
Good Irish Passive
House Retrofit0.37 ach
Simplification of RES for New Build
2008 (BER of B3) 2014 (BER of A3)
Wood pellet boiler Pellet storage & delivery Radiators & Underfloor Solar Thermal 200ltr HWC Immersion backup 3 zones time control 20,000 kWh/y
€16,000 140 man-hrs, 3 subcontractors High maintenance cost
Heat pump Low temp radiators PV array 300ltr Accumulator Immersion backup Time/temp/compensation
6,000 kWh/y
€13,000 70 man-hrs, 1 subcontractor Low maintenance cost
Further Simplification of RES for nZEB
2016 Rural (nZEB) 2016 Urban (nZEB)
Wood pellet boiler Pellet storage & delivery Radiators & Underfloor 200ltr HWC Immersion backup Time/temp/compensation 6,000 kWh/y
€10,000 120 man-hrs, 2
subcontractors Moderate maintenance cost
Electric radiators PV array Instantaneous water heaters
4,500 kWh/y
€7,000 40 man-hrs, 1 subcontractor Very low maintenance cost
Building Regulations for Retrofit
0.1.3 Existing dwellings
0.1.3.1 This amendment applies to all works to
existing dwellings that are covered by the requirements of the Building Regulations, including extensions, material alterations, material changes of use and window and door replacement.
In carrying out this work, the aim should be to limit energy requirements for the operation of the dwelling and associated CO2 emissions as far as practicable as required by Regulation L1.
Specifically, Regulation L2(d) provides that replacement oil and gas boilers should achieve a seasonal efficiency of 90% where practicable. The key issues to be addressed are: -
Building Regulations - RETROFIT
Main Requirement Applicability
Fabric insulation:- sub-sections 2.1.2 and 2.1.3
Backstop U-values, Glazing area %,LTB, Condensation Risk Analysis,
Air tightness:- sub-section 2.1.4
Specify, detail, inspect and record installation (no testing required)
Boiler efficiency:- sub-section 2.2.2
90% efficient from HARP database
Building Services Controls:- sub-section 2.2.3
Time and temperature control to extension, remainder retained as is
Insulation of pipes, ducts and vessels:- sub-section 2.2.4
Insulate any modifications to the primary pipework, or any running outside of the thermal envelope
Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
Article 9 (a) by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero-
energy buildings; and (b) after 31 December 2018, new buildings occupied and owned
by public authorities are nearly zero-energy buildings Member States shall draw up national plans for increasing the
number of nearly zero-energy buildings. develop policies and take measures such as the setting of targets in order to stimulate the transformation of buildings that are refurbished into nearly zero-energy buildings, and
Article 5 Cost optimal retrofitting based on LCA
Article 7 More than 25% of surface area retrofitted
Building Regulations – Part L, 2016?
0.1.3 Existing dwellings …
Where over 25% of surface area is effected by the works (e.g. window replacement)
Energy performance must be nZEB (possibly a BER of A2?)
Can be achieved in one or more steps as part of a strategic plan
But must be based on an economic appraisal (LCA) of what is “cost optimal”
Case Studies
Simon McGuinness MRIAI, Dip.Arch., B.Arch.Sc., CEPHD
#PassiveLogical
Building Research Establishment BRE Scotland, Ravenscraig
BRE Innovation Park
4-in-a-Block Retrofit
Energy Result
BRE Retrofit AnalysisDEAP 180 kWh/m2a “C2” SAP 202 kWh/m2a “B” 85
BRE Retrofit AnalysisDEAP 35 kWh/m2a “A2” SAP 104 kWh/m2a “B” 83
Systems Strategy: All ElectricDEAP 42 kWh/m2a BER - A2
Renewables Strategy: PV
Fabric Strategy - U-values
1.72 W/m2K 0.22 W/m2K 0.11 W/m2K
Ventilation Strategy: Demand Controlled
Sustainability Assessment
Case Study – Passive House retrofit
Passive House Systems
4.5kW A-W Heat Pump 3 low temp radiators 250ltr Accumulator HWC MVHR with post-heater 1,800 kWh/y space heat demand
€15,000 100 man-hours, 1 contractor Low maintenance
PHPP Retrofit – Certification PendingPassive House retrofit designed in 2012 with air/water heat pump, radiators and MVHR
BER? …
B1
PHPP Retrofit – Certification PendingPassive House retrofit designed in 2012 with air/water heat pump, radiators and MVHR
DIT School of Architecture, Bolton St
Advanced professional courses for Assigned, Design and Ancillary Certifiers under S.I. 9 2014 (Engineers, Architects, Surveyors and Architectural Technologists)
Postgraduate Certificate in Digital Analysis & Energy Retrofit1 year part-time, Fridays, €2,350
MSc in Energy Retrofit 2.5 years part-time, Fridays, €2,350 per year
Postgraduate Certificate in Linear Thermal Bridge modelling 15 weeks part-time €1,200 (NSAI Registered)
Follow me on twitter: @PassiveLogical
Simon McGuinness MRIAI, Dip.Arch., B.Arch.Sc., CEPHD