Integriertes Wasserressourcenmanagement in Zentralasien , Modelregion Mongolei Prof. Dr. Buren Sharaw

Berlin 06. März 2015

Integriertes Wasserressourcen- Management (IWRM) in Zentralasien: Modellregion Mongolei

(MoMo) - Phase III

Wassertechnologien

Dr. Buren ScharawFraunhofer IOSB-ASTAm Vogelherd 50, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany

Telefon: +49 (0) 3677 / 461-121,mailto: [email protected]


Model Region: River Basin Kharaa, City of Darkhan

Kharaa River Basin

�Kharaa Catchment area ~15.015 km2

�Kharaa flow at Darkhan: MQ ca. 10,5 m3/s

�Catchment Orkhon (~132.835 km2), Catchment Selenge (~280.000 km2), �Baikalsee, Russland

�Population of Darkhan ca. 90.000

Darkhan


The IWRM-MoMo Project : Past, Present & Future

Kharaa River basin,Urban and rural water management analysis, city of Darkhan and Orkhon SumIdentification of

Testing of measures• Evaluation of proposed measures from MoMo 1 �pilot measures• Methods for multi-disciplinary planning of effective and efficient measures � toolbox model

Implementation of measures• application and optimisation of measures, • evaluation of the IWRM approach.

• existing problems • impacts on population & environment• effective programs of measure.

1

2006

2009

2017

2010

2014

2

3

Pas

tP

rese

ntFu

ture

Berlin 06. März 2015Page 4

IWRM systems approach…

Ground Water

Agriculture

Nat. Land-use

Wastewater

Drinking Water

Atmosphere / Climate

Stagnant Waters

Implementation

Running Waters

Cap

acity

Dev

elop

men

t

System Analysis and Scenarios In

stitu

tiont

iona

l Con

ditio

ns


Air Temperature Change Mongolia

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

Tem

pera

ture

[°C

]

A2 CNCM3

A2 ECHAM5

A2 IPSL

B1 CNCM3

B1 ECHAM5

B1 IPSL

WFD


Air Temperature Change Mongolia

1971-2000

2071-2100 (B1-CNCM3) 2071-2100 (A2-ECHAM5)


Water Availability Change Mongolia

Water availability [m

m]


Water Availability Change Mongolia

2071‐2100


Overview and Objectives

Implementation of pilot measures based on results of MoMo phase 1

area urban area(city of Darkhan)

suburban area (ger settlements)

rural area(rural settlements)

Problem identification

Phase I

• Data collection, online measures,• Problem identification,• Analyses, • Proposals of optimal solutions

MethodsApproaches

Phase II

• Ground water simulation by MODFLOW

• central water supply with optimal management by HydroDyn,

• central wastewater treatment (reuse of water and nutrients)

• water kiosks & wells for water supply

• decentralized collection of faeces and transport to central wastewater treatment plant

• participative development of measures

• drinking water supply• Decentralized / semi centralized

treatment • WSB-Technology for

decentralized waste water treatment

Pilot measures

Phase II

• location of leakages of the water supply system in Darkhan,

• central wwtp (SBR), pilot plant scale central anaerobic treatment of faeces of ger camps (biogas plant)

• collect and bring system for water supply and faeces („small business“)

• possibly additional pilot measures

• location analysisecotechnical wastewater treatment (PPA)

• Small sewage works / small wwtp(WSB® Technology at Kindergarten in Orkhon Sum


Drinking water extraction in Darkhan city:Ground water monitoring

18 wells of USAG (depth: 60-70m)8 km south of Darkhanbank filtrate~ 9.700 m³/day

8 wells of Thermal Power Plant(depth: 70-80m)~ 8.300 m³/day

13 wells of other industries (brick manufacture, tannery)

USAG wells

TPP wells

Darkhan (~ 80 000)


Drinking water extraction:Monitoring Ground water situation

10 pressure transducers measureground water level continuously


• 3-D finite-difference model

• Open source, published by the U.S. Geological Survey

• Used version: MODFLOW-2005 http://water.usgs.gov

• The 3-D model domain (e.g. aquifer system) is discretized into a

block of grids called cells

• For each cell the hydraulic properties (e.g. conductivity, storativity)

are defined

• Layers correspond to horizontal hydrogeological units

• In each cell there is a point called “node” at which hydraulic head is

calculated

Ground water flow modelling with MODFLOW

Drinking water extraction:Ground water modellig


simulated steady-state water table (hydraulic head) for warm season (April-October)

Drinking water extraction:Ground water simulation results

• represents average flow conditions

• Warm season => - river and soil water not frozen- groundwater recharge (10mm/year)

• GW-flow in alluvial aquifer from Southto North parallel to Kharaa River

draw down in 8 TPP

wells galary is larger

than in 18 USAG

wells galary

TPP wells are further

away from

the Kharaa River


Water balance:

Water flow into the model domain � Kharaa River larges contribution

Water flow out of model domain � pumping wells larges contribution

Kharaa River: important water sourcefor Darkhan

Drinking water extraction:Ground water simulation results


Drinking water extraction:Assessment of ground water quality


Drinking water supply in city of Darkhan

• 18 groundwater wells near the river Kharaa (depth 70m) with ~70.000 m3/d capacity

• 6 tanks

• 225 km network pipes

• ca. 18.000 m3/d demands

• Old and often broken down network infrastructure (pumps, pipes, valves)

• High water losses in the DWSN

• 3 distribution zones (Old Darkhan, New Darkhan and Industry)

• Rehabilitation of distribution network


Drinking Water Supply

• Leak Detection - sensor test installation with GSM communication

• Software Interfaces - data exchange betweensensor SCADA and HydroDyn

• Chemical Backtrace-Contamination source - newmodel for mixing in network nodes implemented(bulk-advective-model)

• Sensor Installation – 10 multiparameter sensorsfor darkhan water network [April-May 2011]

Drinking Water Supply


Water production and water losses in distribution network

Drinking Water Supply:Concept


Water balance in city of Darkhan


300

350

400

450

500

550

9 12 15 18 21 0 3 6 9

[m³/h

]

Time

Daily Demand Profiles Darkhan

Sunday Monday

Tuesday Wednesday

Thursday Friday

Saturday

Indicator for high leak flow

Largest Demand 525m³/h

High nightlydemand 340m³/h

Drinking Water Supply:Leakage


Drinking Water Supply:Installation of sensors

Pin-Pointing of Leakages by Field Measurements

• Workshop with USAG employees in Summer 2012in the Mangit area (Capacity Development)• Training of usage of SebaKMTnoise loggers, correlators andground microphones


small pressure drop

Flow change

Drinking Water Supply:results from leakage detection

Comparing the results between• online measurement-data from sensors and • simulation by HydroDyn

Proposal for rehabilitation of the pipe lines(2013 3 km and 18 km in 2013by local company USAG Darkhan

Reducing the leakages by 5%-7%


Zentrale Abwasserbehandlung (ZKA)

• ZKA-Darkhan wurde 1964 gebaut (51 Jahre)

• Ablaufwerte sind schlecht

• Erfassung der online Messwerte seit 2006 zurÜberwachung der Prozessabläufe

• Entwicklung des Simulationstools der ZKA

• Erd- und Bauarbeiten, Bauüberwachung, Installation und Erprobung einer SBR-Demonstrationsanlage auf der ZKA Darkhan/p2m

• Inbetriebnahme am 10. Sep.2011 durchStaatsekretärin Frau Erdenezezeg / Bau und Infrastruktur Ministerium


Aufgabe in MoMo3 Zentrale Abwasserbehandlung Darkhan

• Fortführung und Erweiterung des Online-Monitoring der Prozesse auf der zentralen Kläranlage Darkhan

• Untersuchung der Abwässer aus Industrien -> Vorklärung von Industriewässern

• Erstellung eines Konzeptes zur Instandsetzung der Abwasserkanalisation mit 3 Pumpstationen (223km)

• Fachliche Begleitung der lokalen Behörden bei Vorbereitung der Ausschreibungsunterlagen für den Bau bzw. Rekonstruktion der Zentralkläranlage in den Städten Darkhan

• Beteiligung bei der Ausschreibung mit der Fa. p2m

• Initiativen für die Übertragung der im IWRM-MoMo Projekt getesteten Technologien


Waste water treatment:the tested SBR Pilot Plant

Task: Construction and operation of an SBR Pilot Plant• Pilot plant site selected at the WWTP

Darkhan

• Planning of the Pilot Plant completed

• Drawings submitted to USAG

• Machinery Parts ordered and packed for transportation to Darkhan

• PLC programming in progress

• Start-up planed in may 2011

• All action in scheduled time and costs as submitted with proposal


Preliminary Design of Large-scale WWTP by SBR-Technology


Small Waste Water Treatment Plant Decentralized Waste Water Management

Pre-treatment - Biological stage - Final clarification

Biological stage with Biofilm Carrier

Working plan04.2011 – 06.2011 - construction work06.2011 - start-up07.2011 – 01.2013 - operating time

Modification• Location adaptation • plant size form 20 to 50 PE

Treatment Plant• for a kindergarten• in Orkhon soum• Capacity 50 PE


Anpassung der Technologie

Vorklärung Biologie –Wirbel- Schwebebettreaktor Nachklärung

Zulauf

Ablauf


Anpassung der Technik

Nachklärung Biologie

Vorklärung und Schlammspeicher


Dezentrale Abwasserbehandlungfür ländliche Gebiete

- Koordination der Umsetzungsmaßnahmen

- Erd- und Bauarbeiten der Demonstrationsanlage am Kindergarten in Orkhon Sum für 50 EWG

- Bauüberwachung,

- Ferngesteuerte Prozessüberwachung,

- Erfolgreiche Umsetzung und Anpassung der WSB-Technologie

- Erfolgreiche Demonstration und Vermarktung


Implementation in Mongolia

1. Төв аймаг,2. Булган аймаг,3. Өвөрхангай аймаг,4. Эрдэнэт,5. Улаанбаатар


Waste Water Treatment Plant with Integrated Wood Production

Objective A Identify an affordable waste water treatment approach that is compatible with the harsh climatic conditions of the Darkhan region.

Objective B Utilise waste water components for local environmental and economic benefit.

M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M ANo. Task1 Preliminary design2 Design development3 Detailed design4 Tender documents5 Construction documents 6 Preparation for additional trials7 Construction phase 1 (Treatment beds)8 Plant establishment9 Bill of Quantities

10 University contract11 Site selection12 Tender meetings13 Construction phase 2 (Irrigation supply)14 Supporting trials15 Reporting16 Maintenance documentation17 Sampling and monitoring

2011 2012 2013

Distribution system Willow and Poplar trees

Sampling point

Overflow to sewer

Collection pipework

Influent delivery

Location: MUST University


Waste water treatment Ger area: iPiT

intermediatestorage

biogas plant

• iPiT installation in bag 7 in Darkhan

• Installation of biogas planton the CWWTP Darkhan


Capacity Development (2006-2013)

Mongolian Scientists and Stakeholders in Germany

• Project partners and key persons fromMinistries, Kharaa River Basin Council, Water Administration and provincial Gouvernement Darkhan-Uul Aimag, local companies, like USAG and Universities (MUST, NUM)

University and Schools

• Lectures (MUST Darkhan and NUM)

• Mongolian diploma student - cost analyses of a new WWTP, at FhAST-Ilmenau

• Supervision of Ph.D. master/bachelor theses to Mongolian students

• Master Program: Environmental Engineering & Management (EEM)

• Water Fun Programm at schools (UBZ)

• Technical training course for decentralizedwaste water systems (Fraunhofer and UFZ)


Aufgabe in MoMo3 Dezentrale Abwasserbehandlung

• Fernübertragung der Daten und Fernüberwachung der Prozesse aus Deutschland

• Erstellung eines Betreiber-Modells

• Fachliche Begleitung der lokalen Entscheidungsträger bei der Ausschreibung und Umsetzung sowie Übertragung der getesteten WSB-Technologie in weiteren Regionen

• Mitwirkung bei der Vorbereitung von Ausschreibungsunterlagen von 6 Anlagen in Tuv, Bulgan, Uvurkhangai Provinzen in 2015

• Weitere 20 Anlagen werden ausgeschrieben

• Gute Chancen für die Gewinnung der Ausschreibungen Fraunhofer/Fa. Bergmann


Thank you very much – Баярлалаа