Muhammad Zeeshan Hassan

Hafiz Ali Muhammad

Shahid Waqas Khan

Mazhar Iqbal

• Introduction

• Process• Summer Monsoon

• Winter Monsoon

• Regions• Asia

• Africa

• Australia

• Europe

• North America

• Impacts

• Conclusion

o Comes from an Arabic word “mausim” means season.

o A seasonal change of strongest winds of a region.

o Usually rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern.

o Often associated with Indian Ocean.

o A way of life in most of the Asia, Africa and Australia.

o It is a common seasonal event in Europe and North America as well.

• Water has high heat capacity than land.

• Water absorbs a lot of heat before it begins to get warm.

• Also it does not emit heat rapidly when temperature drops in surroundings.

• Land has more variable temperature than water.

• When air warms up, it expands.

• Air rises upward and an area of low pressure develops.

• So pressure drops at that place and wind flows from cooler place (high pressure to lower pressure)

o Summer Monsoono From April to October

o Winter Monsoono From October to April

Regions of Monsoons

• A land which receives a good amount of rainfall during a particular season

• Monsoon regions lie from 80 – 350 on either side of equator.

• Subsystems

• South-Asian monsoon

• South-West monsoon

• North-East monsoon

• East-Asian monsoon

• From June to September in almost whole Pakistan

• The winds from Indian Ocean blow towards subcontinent.

• These winds splits into two branches

• Arabian Sea branch

• The Bay of Bengal Branch

Source: pakweather.com

• Around October, the temperature of the Northern landmass drop rapidly.

• The cool winds below from Himalaya to Indian Ocean.

• These winds cause rain in parts of Srilanka and India

• Put its influence on large part of Indo-China, Philippines, China, Korea and Japan.

• The pattern of monsoon is similar to south Asian monsoon

• From May through August, rain belt moves northward causing a series of dry and rainy phase over Indo-China and South China Sea

in May.

• In Africa, great seasonal temperature and humidity difference between Sahara and equatorial Atlantic Ocean causes the monsoon.

• The semiarid Sahel and Sudan depends upon this pattern of monsoon rains.

• Starts in late June or early July and end in September.

• Affected Areas

• Arizona

• California

• Nevada

• Gulf of Mexico.

• Known as Indo-Australian Monsoon.

• The rainy season spans from September to February.

• This produces a cyclonic circulation vortex over Borneo which cause significant weather change in the region.

o European monsoon is due to the revival of westerly winds from Atlantic

o It is also known as the “Return of Westerly's”.

o It is not classified into traditional monsoon as it does not meet all the requirements of monsoon.

o Rain usually arrives in two waves.

o First wave at the beginning of June

o the second at the mid to late June.

o The areas affected o Europe’s North Atlantic coastline, Ireland, Great Britain,

the Benelux countries, western Germany, Northern France and parts of Scandinavia

• Without water no life is possible.

• Enhances the underground storage of water.

• Also the water in the dams is refilled.

• Refreshes human minds.

• Fuel savings due to higher rain fall

• Contributes towards the economy

• Cools the earth

• Heavy rains cause floods.

• Floods cause :• death of people,

• wash away buildings and

• destroy the crops

• ( July, 2010 floods 1,781 deaths and $43 billion damages).

• Heavy rains also cause road accidents

• Poisonous insects and reptiles

• http://www.low-insurance.org/top/monsoon-seasons-in-arizona/

• http://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2012/11/indian-monsoon-failure-more-frequent.html

• http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-05-06/news/31588216_1_normal-rainfall-monsoons-food-grain-production

• http://blog.globe.gov/sciblog/2011/12/21/what-exactly-is-the-monsoon/

• http://www.s-cool.co.uk/a-level/geography/weather-conditions/revise-it/types-of-monsoons

• www.pakweather.com

• www.samirbharadwaj.com