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HARNESSING SOLAR ENERGY
THROUGH MPPT BASED CONTROL SYSTEM USING FUZZY LOGIC
Presented By:1. Mohd. Shadab Khan2. Mohd. Wasim Khan3. Mazir AbbasiSupervised By:
Mr. Abrar Ahmad
CONTENTSSOLAR PV
BASICS AND ITS GRAPH
• Solar PV Basics• Photovoltaic Graph
• Temperature graph
MPPT TECHNIQU
ES• Why MPPT?• Techniques• MPPT Curves
FUZZY LOGIC
• Basic Concept
• Logic• Application
s
Solar Photovoltaic &PHOTOVOLTAICBy: Mohd. Wasim
Khan
INTRODUCTION TO
INSIDE A SOLAR PV CELLAn ideal solar cell can be considered as a current source.
The current produced is proportional to solar irradiation falling on it.
A typical cell produces about 0.5 V to 1V.
Source: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/261132099_systems
Equations Involved
SOLAR CELL , MODULE & ARRAYS
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV
Solar module
PV Array
SOLAR MODULE IN SERIES & PARALLEL
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv_basics_01.pdf
GENERIC I-V CURVE OF PV MODULE
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv_basics_01.pdf
P-V& I-V CURVE OF A SOLAR MODULE
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV
OPERATING POINT
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV
The point at which PV Module Operates
TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE EFFECT
Source: ieeexplore.org
1. With Increase of Temperature Voc decreases & corresponding Pout decreases.
2. With Increase of Irradiance Voc increases hence increase in Pout is observed.
SOLAR PARAMETERS• Short Circuit Current (Isc): Short circuit current is max current
produced by a solar cell when its terminals are short circuited.
• Open Circuit Voltage (Voc): Open circuit voltage is the max voltage that can be obtained from a solar cell when its terminals are left open. The upper limit of Voc is decided by the band gap Eg.
• Fill Factor (FF): Fill Factor is defined as ratio of maximum power to the product of Voc and Isc. FF is 1 for ideal case. Practically its value ranges from 0.8 to 0.89.• FF = Vm x Im Voc x Isc
• Efficiency : Efficiency is defined as ratio of maximum power of module to power delivered by solar irradiance or it can be defined as ratio of product of Voc ,Isc and FF to solar irradiance .• Efficiency = Voc x Isc x FF Pin
CONTROLLER
By: Mohd. Shadab Khan
BASICS OF
MPPT
MPPT HARDWARE
Source: amazon.in/mppt_controller
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
To automatically find the voltage (VMPP) or current (IMPP) at which a PV array should operate to obtain the maximum power output (PMPP)under a given temperature and irradiance.
MPPT TOPOLOGY
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv_basics_01.pdf
CHOICE OF MPPT TECHNIQUE
IMPLEMENTATION
COMPLEXITYSENSORS REQUIRED
ABILITY TO DETECT
MULTIPLE LOCAL
MAXIMA
RESPONSE TIME
COST APPLICATION
I-V CURVES FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE LEVEL
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv01aop.1.pdf
P-V CURVES FOR DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE LEVEL
Source: ieeexplore.org/pv_basics_01.pdf
P-V CURVE FOR MPPT
Source: ieeexplore.mppt_technique/papers.org
NEED FOR MPPT
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVIRRADIANCE & TEMPERATURE VARIATION
LOW CONVERSION EFFICIENCY(9-17%)
TO MAXIMIZE OUTPUT POWER
TO MAXIMIZE THE EFFICIENCY
MPPT TECHNIQUES
MPP Techniques
Indirect
Fixed Voltage Method
Fractional Open Circuit
Voltage Method
Direct
Perturb & Observe Method
Incremental Conduction
Method
FIXED VOLTAGE METHOD
Source: http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/mppt
Based on adjusting the
operating voltage on a
seasonal basis
1. Higher MPP during winters
2. Lower MPP in summers
Not very accurate , & accuracy is increased if irradiance variation is minimized
FRACTIONAL OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE METHOD
Source: http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/fc_mppApproximation of VMPP is done by finding the open circuit
voltage
Value of K depends on PV
technology used and kind of solar cell
used
Not always point to the
MPP, but only in the region around MPP
VMPP= K*Voc
PERTURB & OBSERVE (P&O)/HILL CLIMBING METHOD
Source: http://www.pveducation.org/pvcdrom/p&oDirect measurement
of current, voltage and
power.
Faster and accurate response
Incrementing the voltage increases
the power when operating on the
left of the MPP and decreases the
power when on the right of the MPP.
12
36
5
DRAWBACKS OF P&O METHOD
• Hill climbing and P&O methods can fail under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions.• The process is repeated periodically until the MPP is reached.• The system oscillates about the MPP.• Smaller perturbation size slows down the MPPT
• If the irradiance fluctuates and shifts the power curve within one sampling period, the operating point will fluctuate
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV
INCREMENTAL CONDUCTANCE METHOD
Source: http://file.scirp.org/Html/4-1770016%5Ce05a0b9b-b3dc-49c5-9a11-7d933bb7a3a9.jpg
Based on the fact that slope of PV:1. Zero at MPP2. Negative at right of
MPP3. Positive on left of MPP
.
.
Uses two sensors: VOLTAGE & CURRENT SENSORS to sense the
output voltage and current
ALGORITHM works by comparing the ratio of
derivative of conductance with the
instantaneous conductance
When this instantaneous
conductance equals the conductance of
the solar then MPP is reached
Logic……… IN MPPT
By: Mazir Abbasi
IMPLEMENTATION OFFUZZY
A QUICK REVIEW
Definition of fuzzy Fuzzy – “not clear, distinct, or precise; blurred”
Definition of fuzzy logic A form of knowledge representation suitable for notions that
cannot be defined precisely, but which depend upon their contexts.
Slowest FastestSlow Fast
Speed=0
Speed=1
Speed=0.5
Speed=0.75
FUZZY CONTROLLER IN PV
Artificial intelligent tool which
computes output based on expert
knowledge.faster response using the expert knowledge and measured data
base.
FL Algorithm is chosen for PV because of its
fast and accurate response
Fuzzy logic controller
algorithm is based on three
steps
1-expert knowledge, 2-fuzzification &
inference diagram
3-defuzzification.
FUZZY LOGIC MPPT CONTROLLER
FUZZIFICATION
INFERENCE
DEFUZZIFICATION
RULES
Acquisition of data(P,V)
Generate inputs for fuzzy logic control
Apply the fuzzy logic controller and obtain the proper D value
Buck boost controller
START
RETURN
FUZZY LOGIC FLOWCHART IN MPPT
HARDWARE MODELLING OF FUZZY IN MPPT
FUZZIFICATION
INFERENCE
ENGINEDEFUZZIFICA
TION
FUZZY RULE BOX
FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
PV MODEL
BUCK BOOST
CONVERTER
LOAD
FILTERING AND GENERATION OF
FUZZY INPUT VARIABLES
PWM GENERAT
OR Duty Ratio Command
REFRENCES[1] Noppadol Khaehintung, Phaophak Sirisuk, and Anatawat Kunakorn, “Grid-connected
photovoltaic system with maximum power point tracking using self-organizing fuzzy
logic controller”, IEEE Power Electronics and Drives Systems, PEDS, Kuala Lumpur, 2005,
pp. 517-521.
[2] Huan-Liang Tsai, “Insolation-oriented model of photovoltaic module using
MATLAB/SIMULINK”, Solar Energy 84, 2010, pp. 13181326.
[3] S.Lalouni, D. Rekioua, T. Rekioua, and E. Matagne, “Fuzzy logic control of sand-alone
photovoltaic system with battery storage”, Journal of Power Sources, Volume 193,
Issue2, 5 September 2009, pp. 899-907.
[4] V. Salas, E. Olias, A. Barrado, and A. Lazaro, “ Review of the maximum power point
tracking algorithms for stand-alone photovoltaic systems”, Soalr Energy Materials &
Solar Cells 90, 2006, pp. 1555-1578.
[5] M.S. Ait Cheikh, C. Larbes, G. F. Tchoketch Kebir, and A. Zerguerras, “Maximum power
point tracking using a fuzzy logic control scheme”, Revue des energies Renouvelables,
Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 387-395.
[6] H.J. Möller, ‘Semiconductors for Solar Cells’, Artech House, Inc, Norwood, MA, 1993.
[7] R. Gottschalg, M. Rommel, D.G. Ineld and H. Ryssel, ‘Comparison of Different Methods
for the Parameter Determination of the Solar Cell’s Double Exponential Equation’, In
14th European Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (PVSEC).