Optimizing PMIPv6 Algorithm for

New Generation Wireless

Networks

MASTER THESISPRESENTED TO

NATIONAL SCHOOL OF ELECTRONICS AND

TELECOMMUNICATIONS OF SFAX

STUDY PRESENTED BY

EMNA KAMMOUN

SUPERVISED BY

M. FAOUZI ZARAI

M. NOURI OMHENI

1

Tunisian Republic

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research

CONTEXT (1/3)

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CONTEXT (2/3)

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CONTEXT (3/3)

4

1

2

4

3

5

Handover

Process

Preparation

Decision

Execution

Selection

Completion

PROBLEMATIC & SCOPE (1/3)

5

Overhead

SeamlessnessHO Latency

Packet Loss

PROBLEMATIC & SCOPE (2/3)

6

+ MN’s configuration requirements,

+ Signaling overhead,

+ Movement detection time,

+ Location privacy.

- Suffers from packet loss,

- Ineffective authentication procedures.

Media

Independent

Handover

(IEEE 802.21)

+

Network-based mobility protocol

PMIPv6 (RFC 5213)

+ Collect the necessary information,

+ Link-layer intelligence,

+ Mask technology dissimilarities.

OUTLINE

• RELATED WORKS,

• CONTRIBUTIONS,

• PERFORMANCE EVALUATION,

• CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES.

7

OUTLINE

• RELATED WORKS,

• CONTRIBUTIONS,

• PERFORMANCE EVALUATION,

• CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES.

8

RELATED WORKS (1/3)

LOW LATENCY PROACTIVE HANDOVER SCHEME FOR PROXY MIPV6 WITH

MIH

+ CHANNEL SCANNING TIME REDUCTION,

+ L2 LATENCY REDUCTION,

- SIMULATION RESULTS NON SPECIFIED.

HANDOVER LATENCY REDUCTION USING INTEGRATED SOLUTION SCHEME

FOR PROXY MOBILE IPV6

+ ND MESSAGE THAT ELIMINATES AUTHENTICATION TIME,

- NO QUERY INFORMATION TO CHECK RESOURCES AVAILABILITY NO

QOS IN HETEROGENEOUS ENVIRONMENTS,

- ADDITIONAL NETWORK TRAFFIC.

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RELATED WORKS (2/3)

A NOVEL MIH HANDOVER PROCEDURE FOR EFFICIENT PMIPV6 NETWORK

+ NEW MIH HANDOVER PROCEDURE BETWEEN WIMAX AND WLAN,

+ NEW TRANSACTION MESSAGES THAT INDICATES HANDOVER INITIALIZATION

BY MN,

- WEAK PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS EVALUATION.

HANDOVER OPTIMIZATION IN HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS NETWORKS:

PMIPV6 VS. PMIPV6 WITH MIH

+ SHORTER HANDOVER DELAY AND FEWER DROPPED PACKETS,

- OBTAINED IMPROVEMENTS AT THE EXPENSE OF EXTRA SIGNALING

OVERHEAD.

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RELATED WORKS (3/3)

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Paper ApproachEvaluation

MethodTechnology Traffic

Performance Metrics

Signal Cost Packet

loss

Handover

Latency

Through

put

Kim et al. [14] Fast

Approach

Analytical and

Simulation

WiFi UDP/ VoIP No Yes Yes No

Choi et al. [19] New

transaction

messages

Analytical WiMax/

WLAN

Not

mentioned

No No Yes No

Magagula et al.

[20]

Standard

Approach

Simulation WiMax/

WLAN

Not

mentioned

No Yes Yes No

Hassan et al.

[22]

Neighbor

Discovery

Analytical and

Simulation

General CBR/TCP/U

DP/FTTP

No No Yes Yes

OUTLINE

• RELATED WORKS,

• CONTRIBUTIONS,

• PERFORMANCE EVALUATION,

• CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES.

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CONTRIBUTIONS (1/10)

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Pre-LD

SINR /

RSS

Pre-LGD

Pre-Handover

based on MIH

& PMIPv6

Pre_HO_

Initiation

Pre-Reservation

Thresholds

Pre-AuthenticationPre-Checking

New MIH

message

Anticipation

Proposed Approach

CONTRIBUTIONS (2/10)

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LMAAAA Server

pMAG nMAG

MN

eNB

MIIS Server

Correspondant Node

AP

Network architecture based on MIH / PMIPv6

CONTRIBUTIONS (3/10)

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eNBeNB

WiFi APWiFi AP

HSS

AAA Server ePGw

SGW 1

PCRF

SGW 2

PGw

(LMA)MME

SGSN

MIIS

Server

Operator s IP

Network

UE

Internet/ Internat

Data Flow

Signaling Path

Data path

Evolved Packet Core (EPC)

LTE-A / WLAN Interworking

CONTRIBUTIONS (4/10)

RSS

t

Pre_LGD

Thr_LD

Neighbour Candidate Active Neighbour

Newly Defined Thresholds

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CONTRIBUTIONS (5/10)

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Neighbour Candidate Active

RSS current < RSS candidateSINR current < SINR candidate

RSS candidate

RSS current < Thr_LD

Cell States

CONTRIBUTIONS (6/10)

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Check RSS for Serving Cell

Start

RSS(eNB) < pre-LGD

MIIS Information Request/Response

Pre_Resources Availability Checking

YES

Pre_Resources Checking

Pre_IP Assignment

Handover Decision

RegistrationNO

Resources Release

Periodic Measurement Report

RSS(pMAG) < thr_LD

NO

YES

Recourses available?

Pre_Authentication

RSS(eNB) > pre-LGD

L2 Establishment

Proposed Algorithm

CONTRIBUTIONS (7/10)

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RRCNAS HDM HMC MIHF HMC PMIPv6 MMEMIHFHDMMAC MAC MIHF HSS MIHFPMIPv6 PMIPv6 MIHFAAA

ServerMIIS

UE eNB SGw (pMAG) LMA WR (nMAG)

MAC_Link_Report.Indication (1)

MIH_Link_Parameters_Report.Indication (2)

Link_Going_Down.Indication (4)

MIH_Link_Going_Down.Indication (5)

MIH_Get_Information.Request (6)

MIH_Get_Information.Request (7)

MIH_Get_Information.Response (8)

MIH_Get_Information.Confirm (9)

MIH_MN_HO_Candidate_Query.Request (11)

MIH_N2N_HO_Query_Resources.Request (12)

MIH_N2N_HO_Query_Resources.Response (13)

MIH_MN_HO_Candidate_Query.Response (14)

1- Monitoring and periodic notification

2- Information Query

4- Pre-Resources availability checking

8- Handover Decision

MIH_MN_HO_Commit.Request (16)

MIH_N2N_HO_Commit.Request (17)

MIH_N2N_HO_Commit.Response (18)

MIH_MN_HO_Commit.Response (19)

6- Pre-Resources Reservation

NAS_Pre_AKA_Authentication (15)5- Pre-Authentication

Router Sollicitation (22)

PBU (23)

PBA (24)

Router Advertisement (25)

9- Registration

Bi_Directional tunnel

MIH_MN_HO_Complete.Request (26)

MIH_MN_HO_Complete.Response (27)10- Resources Release

Link_Up (21) 8- L2 Establishment

Link_Down (20)

6- Pre-IP assignment

7- L2 Disconnection

Pre_HO_Initiation.Indication (10) 3- Pre-HO Decision

HO information query (3)

AAA Query

AAA Reply

Updating Cache Entry

CONTRIBUTIONS (8/10)

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pMAGnMAG

Mobile moving

Internet

Information Server

Information Exchange

CONTRIBUTIONS ( 9/10)

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HDM MIHF MAC

UE

Link_Going_Down.Indication

MIH_Link_Going_Down.Indication

MIH_Get_Information.Request

MIH_Get_Information.Request

MIH_Get_Information.Response

MIH_Get_Information.Confirm

MIIS Server

Primitive exchange

CONTRIBUTIONS (10/10)

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MIHF MIHF

UE SGw

Pre_HO_Initiation Indication

Primitive Service Semantics Triggering time

Pre_HO_Initiation MIES Pre_LGD, LD_Thr Indicates that a

handover is needed.

Newly Added MIH primitive

OUTLINE

• RELATED WORKS,

• CONTRIBUTIONS,

• PERFORMANCE EVALUATION,

• CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES.

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PERFORMANCE EVALUATION (1/5)

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Measurements Report

Information Query

Resources Checking

Handover Decision

Authentication

Resources Reservation

L2 Establishment

IP Assignment

Registration

Information Query

Handover Complete

Measurements Report

Pre-Resources Checking

Pre-Authentication

Pre-Resources Reservation

Pre-IP Assignment

Registration

Handover Complete

HO

del

ay

HO

del

ay

Standard Approach Proposed Approach

L2 Establishment

Handover Decision

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION (2/5)

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Periodic measurments Info query Authentication Reservation

LGD HO Initiation

IP Assign

Periodic measurments Info query Pre-Authenti Pre-Reservation Pre-IP Assign Registration

LGD HO Prediction

HO Decision

HO Decision L2 Establishment HO Execution

HO Execution L2 Establishment

MN receives packets

MN receives packets

Overall Handover Delay

Handover Delay

Standard Approach

Proposed Approach

Time

Time

HO CompleteRegistration

HO Complete

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION (3/5)

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Tscan Tauth Tre-ass TMN TDAD TPBU TPBA RS RA

Tauth Tre-ass TPBUT scan

TL2 TL3

TL2 TL3

Tre-ass TPBUT scan

TL2 TL3

RA

RA

Tre-ass TPBU

TL2 TL3RA

Standard Approach

Kim et al. Approach [14]

Hassan et al. Approach [15]

Proposed Approach

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION (4/5)

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Standard PMIPv6

procedure with MIH

𝐻ᴇᴘ

= 6𝐷рР𝑜𝐴 −𝑀𝑁 + 8𝐷р𝑃𝑜𝑆 − р𝑃𝑜𝐴 + 2𝐷ʟӎᴀ − р𝑃𝑜𝑆

+ 2𝐷р𝑃𝑜𝑆 − 𝑀𝐼𝐼𝑆 + 6𝐷р𝑃𝑜𝑆 − 𝑛𝑃𝑜𝑆 + 2𝐷ʟӎᴀ − 𝑛𝑃𝑜𝑆

+ 2𝐷𝑛𝑃𝑜𝑆 − 𝑛𝑃𝑜𝐴 + 2𝐷𝑛𝑃𝑜𝐴 −𝑀𝑁 = 210 𝑚𝑠.

Suggested PMIPv6

procedure with MIH

𝐻ᴘᴘ

= 2𝐷рР𝑜𝐴 −𝑀𝑁 + 4𝐷р𝑃𝑜𝑆 − р𝑃𝑜𝐴 + 2𝐷ʟӎᴀ − р𝑃𝑜𝑆

+ 2𝐷р𝑃𝑜𝑆 − 𝑀𝐼𝐼𝑆 + 6𝐷р𝑃𝑜𝑆 − 𝑛𝑃𝑜𝑆 + 2𝐷ʟӎᴀ − 𝑛𝑃𝑜𝑆

+ 2𝐷𝑛𝑃𝑜𝑆 − 𝑛𝑃𝑜𝐴 + +2𝐷𝑛𝑃𝑜𝑆 − 𝑛𝑃𝑜𝐴 + 2𝐷𝑛𝑃𝑜𝐴

−𝑀𝑁 = 162 𝑚𝑠.

Proposed PMIPv6

procedure with MIH

𝐻𝐷 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑎𝑐ℎ

= 4 𝐷𝑝𝑀𝐴𝐺 – 𝑈𝐸 + 6 𝐷𝑝𝑀𝐴𝐺 – 𝑀𝐼𝐼𝑆 + 2. 𝐷𝑛𝑀𝐴𝐺

− 𝐿𝑀𝐴 + 2. 𝐷𝑀𝑁 − 𝑛𝑀𝐴𝐺 = 50 𝑚𝑠.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION (5/5)

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Parameter PMIPv6 Only Kim et al. [14] Proposed Approach

Tscan 0.6 0.6 0

Tauth 0.6 0.6 0

Tre-ass 250 25 25

TMN 0.1 0 0

Tᴅᴀᴅ 1070 0 0

TPBU 11 11 11

TPBA 11 0 0

TRA 30 30 30

Total 1373.3 ms 67.2ms 60ms

OUTLINE

• RELATED WORKS,

• CONTRIBUTIONS,

• PERFORMANCE EVALUATION,

• CONCLUSION & PERSPECTIVES.

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Conclusion & Perspectives (1/2)

• Heterogeneous systems evaluation,

• Necessary features,

• Scalability lacking,

• Dependencies capture,

• Non deployed design & implementation,

• Theoretic research,

• Implementation conduction,

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Conclusion & Perspectives (2/2)

• Integrated simulation environment,

• Added plugins to existing simulators,

• Source code development,

• MIIS : static data only,

• emergence of the IoT and Smart City concepts,

• higher speed and dynamicity,

• New Dynamic Data Server (DDS) to the IS,

• Real-time dynamical information.

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