partial replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder in concrete

PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF FINE AGGREGATE BY GLASS POWDER IN CONCRETE

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the utility of glass powder as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete.

To study and compare the performance conventional concrete and glass powder concrete.

To understand the effectiveness of glass powder in strength enhancement.

INTRODUCTION:

Concrete is a widely used material in the world. Based on global usage it is placed at second position after water.

River sand is one of the constituents used in the production of conventional concrete has become highly expensive and also scare.

In the backdrop of such a bleak atmosphere, there is a large demand for alternative materials from industrial waste. Some alternative materials have already been used as a part of natural sand.

Cont..

Similarly the waste glass are collected from the shops are used. The collected glasses are crushed to sand size and it could be used an alternate material for natural sand as partial replacement.

In brief, successful utilization of glass as fine aggregate will turn this waste material into a valuable resource.

METHODOLOGYCollection and properties

of materials

Preliminary test for materials

Studyof physical properties of materials,

mix design

Casting and Curing of specimens

Test on concrete

Analysis and discussion

MATERIAL USED AND THEIR PROPERTIES:

CEMENT: A cement is a binder, a substance that sets and hardens and can bind other materials together.

Cement sets or cures when mixed with water which causes a series of hydration chemical reactions.

TYPE OF CEMENT USED: OPC 53 grade, ultra tech.

Fine Aggregate Fine Aggregate, in building and construction, material used for mixing with cement, bitumen, lime, gypsum, or other adhesive to form concrete or mortar. Fine aggregate size conforming to sieve passing through 2.36mm

COARSE AGGREGATE:

Coarse aggregates are particles greater than 4.75mm, but generally range between 9.5mm to 37.5mm in diameter. size of coarse aggregate:20mm

GLASS POWDER:

Using waste glass in the concrete construction sector is advantageous, as the production cost of concrete will go down. Waste glasses are used as aggregates for concrete.

WATER:

The quantity of water in the mix plays a vital role on the strength of the concrete. The pH valueof water,hall be not less than6.

MATERIAL TESTING:

TEST FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND WATER ABSORPTION: Using the pyconometer the test for specific gravity and water absorption is done

s.no. Observation and calculation C.A F.A

1 Mass of empty Pycnometer (M1 0.75 .75

2 Mass of Pycnometer and dry soil (M2) 1.82 1.98

3 Mass of Pycnometer, soil and water (M3) 1.38 1.350

4 Mass of Pycnometer and water (M4) 0.49 0.716

The specific gravity of coarse aggregate is2.55 and the specific gravity of fine aggregate is 2.279

TEST FOR CEMENT:

Standard consistency of cement is defined as that consistency which will permit plunger to penetrate at 33.34from the top of the mould.

Standard consistency (%) = (Weight of water added/ Weight of cement) x 100

table for consistency test

Thus the consistency of cement is found to be 40%.

PERCENTAGE OF SOLUTION ADDED HEIGTH OF PENETRATION(mm)

25 14

30 21

35 27

40 33

Initial setting time:Place the test block confined in the mould and resting on the non-porous plate, under the rod bearing the needle. Lower the needle gently until it comes in contact with the surface of test block and quick release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block. In the beginning the needle completely pierces the test block

The initial setting time of cement is found to be 38 mints.

table for initial setting time

TIME IN MINIUTES DEPTH NOT

PENETRAED(mm)

10 2

20 3

30 4

38 6

SLUMP TEST: Slump test is the most commonly used method of

measuring consistency of concrete which can be employed either in laboratory or at site of work. It does not measure all factors contributing to workability, nor is it always representative of the place ability of the concrete.

Bottom diameter : 20mm

Top diameter : 10mm

Height : 30mm

MIXTURE SLUMP

(mm)

DEGREE OF

WORKABILITY

1 20 Very low

2 50 Low

3 90 Medium

Mix design:

The specimens are to be cast with concrete of characteristics strength 20 N/mm2 .the physical properties of constituent materials are investigated and presented as follows.

Step 1:

Characteristics strength required = 20 N/mm2

Grade of concrete = M20

Max nominal size of aggregate = 20mm

Max water cement ratio = 0.55

Min cement content = 300kg/m3

Max water cement content = 77mm (slump)

Degree of supervision = good

Exposure condition = mild

Step 2:

Type of cement = opc -53 grade

Specific gravity of coarse aggregate = 2.70

Specific gravity of fine aggregate = 2.65

Specific gravity of cement = 3.15

Water absorption of

Coarse aggregate = 0.5%

Fine aggregate = 1%

Free surface moisture

Coarse aggregate = nil

Fine aggregate = 2

Step 3:

Mean target strength = fck + Ks

= 20 + 1.65 *4

= 26.6N/mm2

Standard deviation , s = 4N/mm2

Step 4:

Water cement ratio:

Cement = 53 grade

Water cement ratio = 0.45

As per IS 456 – 2000

Max water cement ratio = 0.55(mild exposure)

Minimum cement content =300 kg/m3

Step 5:

Water content:

For 20 mm nominal size, nominal size aggregate and sand aggregate to zone-II

Water content per m of concrete = 186 kg

Step 6:

Adjustments of w/c ratio, compaction factor and sand belonging to zone II

Required water content = [186*(6/100)}

= 197.16 kg/m3

Step 7:

Determination of cement content

Water cement ratio = 0.55

Water = 197.16 *0.95 = 187.302 kg /m3

Cement content = 187.302/0.55= 356kg/m3

From table no s IS 456 minimum cement content =300 kg/m3 < 356 kg/m3

Step 8:

Proportion of volume of coarse aggregate corresponding to 20mm size aggregate and fine aggregate zone I for water – cement ratio of 0.45 to 0.60

Step 9:

Mix calculation

The mix calculations per unit volume of concrete shall be as follows

*volume of concrete = 1 m3

Volume of cement = 350/3.15* 1/1000

= 0.111m3

Volume of water = 0.197

Mass of coarse aggregate = 0.692 *0.6*2.55*1000

= 1058kg

Mass of fine aggregate = 0.692 *0.4*2.279*1000

=630 kg

Mass of cement = 356 kg/m3

Mass of water = 140 kg /m3

350/350: 630/350: 1058/350 The mix proportion for the above calculation is 1:1.8:3.03

MANUFACTURE OF FRESH CONCRETE CASTING AND CURING: The partial glass powder and the aggregates were first mixed

together for about 3minutes. The liquid component of the mixture and cement was then added to the dry materials and the mixing continued for further about 4min to manufacture the fresh concrete.

Experimental Plan

In this work, 5%, 10%, 15% ,20% and30% of fine aggregate is replaced by glass powder for M20 grade concrete.

Cube specimens of size 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm were casted for different proportions with glass powder and compared with the properties of concrete prepared without glass powder (control mix).

Compression test was performed on the concrete after 7,14 and 28 days of curing.

MIX PROPORTIONS

MIX PROPORTION

GLASS POWDER(%)

CEMENT(kg)

FINE AGGREGATE(kg)

COARSE AGGREGATE (kg)

WATER CEMENT RATIO

GLASS POWDER WT(kg)

0 1.38 2.484 4.181 0.55 0

10 1.38 2.236 4.181 0.55 0.248

15 1.38 2.1 4.181 0.55 0.384

20 1.38 1.98 4.181 0.55 0.504

30 1.38 1.73 4.181 0.55 0.754

TEST RESULT AND DISCUSSION

In this section the result of the compressive test, tensile test, flexure test of the partial replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder is tabulated.

compressive test result:

The compressive test of concrete is tested for 0%, the below table shows compressive strength of concrete cube

table for 0%replacement compressive strength of concretes.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)

7th day 14th day 28th day

1 0% 10.66 13.88 19.11

2 0% 10.93 13.20 18.88

3 0% 10.58 14 19.33



s.no %replacement Cube(N/mm2)


1 10% 12.44 13.48 16.88

2 10% 13 13.90 17

3 10% 12.55 14 16.55



1 15% 13.33 15.23 19.11

2 15% 14 14.60 18.79

3 15% 13.55 15 19.33





1 20% 14.22 15.55 16.88

2 20% 13.77 15.08 17

3 20% 14 14.78 16.55



1 30% 12.44 14.87 17.08

2 30% 13 13.98 16.53

3 30% 12.55 14.77 17

0%replacement 10%replacement 15%replacement 20%replacement 30%replacement0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH


%REPLACEMENT

STR

EN

GTH

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH:

The concrete cylinder cured at room temperature are tested to find thetensile strength of the concrete using compressive testing machine (CTM).The same specimen is also tested on 7th, 28th day to study tensile strength property of replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder.

Mix proportion and their respective wt.

GLASS POWDER(kg)

Cement(kg)

Fine aggregate(kg)

Coarse aggregate(kg)

Water cement ratio

0% 7.38 12.484 23.181 0.55

10% 7.38 11.236 23.181 0.55

15% 7.38 10.612 23.181 0.55

20% 7.38 9.987 23.181 0.55

acc,. IS 5816:1999

The measured splitting tensile strength, of the specimen shall be calculated to the nearest 0.05 N/mm2 using the following formula :

fck=(2p)/(πdl)

Where P = applied load

D = diameter of the specimen

L = length of the specimen

acc., to IS 5816:1999 pg.no.3

The split tensile strength of concrete for 0%replacement ,

The split tensile strength of concrete for 10%replacement

s.no %replacement Cylinder(N/mm2)


1 0% 4.68 4.93 5.35

2 0% 4.88 4.80 5.25



1 10% 3.59 4 5

2 10% 4.22 4.5 4.33

The split tensile strength of the concrete for 15%replacement

The split tensile strength of the concrete for 20%replacement



1 15% 2.68 2.98 3.03

2 15% 2.55 2.88 3.45



1 20% 2.35 2.89 3

2 20% 2.44 2.78 2.93

0%replacement 10%replacement 15%replacement 20%replacement0

1

2

3

4

5

6

4.68

3.59

4.04

3

4.8

4

32.78

5.355

5.5

4

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH7th day 14th day 28th day

%replacement

FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST:

The concrete beams cured at room temperature are tested to find the flexure strength of concrete using universal testing machine (UTM).

The same specimen is also tested on 7th and 28th day to study flexure strength property of replacement of fine aggregate by glass powder.

The result values are in N/mm2

%replacement 0% 10% 15% 20%

28th day 6 6.4 5.5 5

0%replacement 10%replacement 15%replacement 20%replacement

66.4

5.55

FLEXURAL TEST28th day

% replacement

stre

ng

th

CONCLUSION

The compressive strength of the concrete increases up to 15% replacement of glass powder and then gradually decreases with increase of glass powder content.

Along with compressive strength, the flexural strength of the concrete increases up to 20% replacement and then decreases with increase partial replacement of glass powder.

The split tensile strength of the concrete increase up to 15% replacement of glass powder and decreases with further increase in glass powder.

Contd.,

Thus waste glasses are made in to glass powder and loaded in to concrete which makes it useful. The partial replacement of glass powder as fine aggregate Makes the concrete strengthen.

Thus our project states that concrete can be strengthen by glass powder replacement , which makes the waste in to useful, so the waste materials made in to use.

Reference: M.S.SHETTY, S.CHAND&COMPANY LTD-“CONCRETE

TECHNOLOGY”.

IS 456: 2000 Indian Standard “PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE”

CODE OF PRACTICE

IS 10262- 2007 Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design

IS 516- 1959 Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete

IS 5816- 1999 Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete -Method of Test

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 “Study of Strength and Workability of Different Grades of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Crushed Brick and Recycled Glass Powder”.

“Use of glass wastes as fine aggregate in Concrete”

S.P. Gautam, Vikas Srivastava and V.C. Agarwal Civil Eng. Dept., SHIATS (formerly AAI-DU), Allahabad-211007, UP, India.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 7, July 2014

“Utilization of Waste Glass Powder in Concrete – A Literature Review”

Bhupendra Singh Shekhawat1, Dr. Vinita Aggarwal2 M.Tech Final Year Student, Department of Civil Engineering, MMEC, MMU, Mullana Ambala, Haryana, India.

Thank you