Performance Analysis of Packed- Bed Sensible Heat Thermal Energy Storage with Small Sized Material

Paper ByGanesh S. Warkhade, Santosh Mane

Presented By

Ganesh S. Warkhade

At

International Conference on Energy and Environment

Outline of Presentation

• Introduction

• Literature Review

• Testing Facility and Experimentation

• Results and Discussion

• Conclusion

• References

Introduction

TES Processes

Literature ReviewAuthor Materials Remark

Meier et al.

(1991)

Rock High temperature energy storage

Ammar et al.

(1992)

Spheres of

Egyptiain clay

Temperature distribution performance with different

time interval and energy stored in packed bed.

Gunerhan et al.

(2005)

Magmatic basalt

rock

Energy storage

Nsofor (2005) Zirconium oxide Advanced ceramic material that can withstand

corrosion and high temperatures

Dhifaoui et al.

(2007)

Glass Energy storage

Wongpanyo et al.

(2008)

Concrete Material composition for high temperature energy

storage

Lehmann et al.

(2008)

Concrete High temperature energy storage

Literature Review ContinuedSingh et al. (2008) Large size concrete

of 5 different shapes

Effect of void fraction, sphericity, energy stored,

correlations have been developed for Nusselt number

and friction factor as a function of Reynolds number

and void fraction.

Tyagi et al. (2011) Concrete Heat transfer and pressure drop, correlations have been

developed for Nusselt number and friction factor as a

function of Reynolds number and void fraction.

Hanchen et al.

(2011)

Rock High temperature energy storage

Prasad and

Muthukumar

(2013)

Concrete For pipe 6 fins are used and energy storage effect was

measured

Kuravi et al.

(2013)

Large size Ceramic

Brick

High temperature energy storage

Gil et al. (2014) NaCl Energy storage

Testing Facility and Experimentation

Schematic diagram of storage system.

Photograph of experimental setup

Material Concrete

The local materials volumetric ratios are

water (1): cement (1): sand (1.5): rock (1.5)

Density =2000 kg/m3

Thermal conductivity = 0.98 W/m/K

Specific heat = 820 J/kg/KPhotograph of material used

Sr.

No

Shape Dimension (m) Minimum volume

required (m3)

Sphericity Void

fraction

Mass

(kg)

1 Sphere d = 0.038 0.00653 1 0.48 13.06

2 Cube s = 0.038 0.01054 0.806 0.32 21.04

3 Cylinder d = 0.0375,

h = 0.0375

0.01176 0.825 0.27 22.53

Thermo-physical properties of concrete and estimated mass of sensible heat storage material

Packing Arrangement of Packed Bed

(a) (b)

( c) Photograph of material used with packing arrangement in packed bed for

(a) sphere, (b) cylinder, (c) cube.

Location of thermocouples in the packed bed

Parameters•The air velocity was measured by a hot wire anemometer.•Head loss in the bed (∆h) from U tube manometer.•Air temperature at different locations.•Surface temperature of material elements at different locations.

Results and DiscussionTemperature distribution performance on sphere

Charging of sphere

Average temperature at mass flow rate 0.021 kg/s.

Comparison of temperature at two different mass flow rates for sphere at height 500 mm.

Discharging of sphere

Average temperature at mass flow rate 0.021 kg/s

Comparison of temperature at two different mass flow rates for sphere

Performance of different shapes of packed bed material

Charging performance

Comparison of temperature at mass flow rate 0.021 kg/s for sphere ( = 0.48), cube ( = 0.32) , ɛ ɛand cylinder ( =0.27)ɛ

Comparison of temperature at mass flow rate 0.0325 kg/s for sphere ( = 0.48), cube ( = ɛ ɛ0.32) , and cylinder ( =0.27)ɛ

Discharging performance

Comparison of temperature at mass flow rate 0.021 kg/s for sphere ( = 0.48), cube ( = ɛ ɛ0.32) , and cylinder ( =0.27)ɛ

Comparison of temperature at mass flow rate 0.0325 kg/s for sphere ( = 0.48), cube ( = ɛ ɛ0.32) , and cylinder ( =0.27)ɛ

Effect of flow rate on charging time

Effect of flow rate on charging time

Effect of void fraction on quantity of energy storage

Rate of thermal energy in packed bed with void fraction for mass flow rate = 0.021 kg/s sphere ( = 0.48), cube ( = 0.32) , and cylinder ( =0.27).ɛ ɛ ɛ

Rate of thermal energy in packed bed with void fraction for mass flow rate = 0.0325 kg/ssphere ( = 0.48), cube ( = 0.32) , and cylinder ( =0.27)ɛ ɛ ɛ

Effect of pressure drop

Comparison of pressure drop with mass flow rates for sphere ( = 0.48), cube ( = ɛ ɛ0.32) , and cylinder ( =0.27)ɛ

ConclusionIt is seen that the void fraction is more the charging process and discharging process is

quick, the void fraction is less the charging and discharging process is slow.

As the mass flow rate increases the charging time required for energy storage is less

and for discharging the energy discharging time is less.

The energy storage in packed bed is more for void fraction is less and energy storage is

less where void fraction more.

The pressure drop considers the void fraction is more then pressure drop is less and

void fraction is less the pressure drop is more.

Cylindrical shape is giving the better performance for energy storage as compared to

the sphere and cube.

References[1] Dincer I., Rosen M.A., “Thermal energy storage, systems and applications”, New York: Wiley, (2002).

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arrangement and roughness”, Int. J Powder Technology 246 (2013) 590–600.

Thank you