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PHYSICAL IDENTIFICATIO
N OF MINERALST.HARISH
DEFINITION OF MINERAL A MINERAL IS A NATURAL,INORGANIC SOLID,HOMOGENOUS SUBSTANCE WITH DEFINITE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND REGULAR ATOMIC STRUCTURE.
METHODS OF STUDY OF MINERALS X-RAY ANALYSIS CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OPTICAL STUDY STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (BY LABORATORY STUDY)
LABORATORY STUDY IN LABORATORIES MINERALS ARE IDENTIFIED PREFERABLY BY FOLLOWING THE METHOD OF STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS.
ADVANTAGES LEAST EXPENSIVE. NO LOSS OF MATERIAL-HENCE REPETITIVE STUDY IS POSSIBLE.
IMMEDIATE INFERENCE. SIMPLE STUDY AND REASONABLY CORRECT INFERENCES ARE POSSIBLE BY THIS METHOD.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS COLOUR:-IT IS THE USUAL BODY
COLOUR OF MINERAL. FORM:-IT IS USUAL MODE OF
OCCURRENCE OF MINERAL IN NATURE. STREAK:-IT IS COLOUR OF MINERAL
POWDER;TESTED,BY RUBBING THE MINERAL ON STREAK PLATE.
LUSTRE:-IT IS THE SHINNING OBSERVED ON MINERAL SURFACE.
FRACTURE:-IT IS THE NATURE OF BROKEN SURFACE OF A MINERAL.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS CLEAVAGE:-IT IS THE TENDENCY OF
MINERAL TO SPLIT EASILY ALONG A PARTICULAR PLANE,WHICH IS A PLANE OF WEAKNESS BY VIRTUE OF ITS ATOMIC STRUCTURE.
HARDNESS:-Hardness is measured by the resistance which a smooth surface offers to abrasion. The degree of hardness is determined by observing the comparative ease or difficulty which one mineral is scratched by another.
It is determined with the help of moh’s scale.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS Moh’s scale consists of a set of ten
reference minerals arranged in increasing order of hardness and numbered accordingly.
Minerals on moh’s scale of hardness are:TALC(1),GYPSUM(2),CALCITE(3),FLUORITE(4),APATITE(5),FELDSPAR(6),QUARTZ(7),TOPAZ(8),CORUNDUM(9) AND DIAMOND(10).
DENSITY:-MASS/VOLUME,DESCRIBED AS LOW, MEDIUM OR HIGH IF SPECIFIC GRAVITY IS LESS THAN 2.5,2.5 TO 3.5 OR MORE THAN 3.5 RESPECTIVELY.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS SPECIFIC GRAVITY:-specific gravity of a
mineral determines how heavy it is by its relative weight to water.
TRANSPARENCY:-TESTED ALONG THE THIN SHARP EDGES OF MINERAL KEEPING IT AGAINST A POWERFUL SOURCE OF LIGHT.
TYPICAL EXAMPLES OF MINERALS MUSCOVITE BAUXITE ASBESTOS TALC GYPSUM
MUSCOVITE FORM:-FLAKY,CRYSTALLINE
AND LAMELLAR COLOUR:-COLOURLESS STREAK:-WHITE LUSTRE:-PEARLY TO
VITREOUS CLEAVAGE:-PERFECT FRACTURE:-EVEN HARDNESS:-2.5-3 DENSITY:-MEDIUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY:2.8-2.9 DEGREE OF TRANSPARENCY:-
TRANSPARENT-TRANSLUCENT
BAUXITE FORM:-PISOTIEC AND
MASSIVE COLOUR:-BROWN AND
WHITE STREAK:-WHITE LUSTRE:-DULL OR
EARTHY CLEAVAGE:-ABSENT FRACTURE:-UNEVEN HARDNESS:-1-3 DENSITY:-LOW SPECIFIC GRAVITY:2-2.5 DEGREE OF
TRANSPARENCY:-OPAQUE
ASBESTOS FORM:-FIBROUS COLOUR:-PALE GREY STREAK:-WHITE LUSTRE:-SILKY CLEAVAGE:-PRESENT FRACTURE:-UNEVEN TO
HACKLY HARDNESS:-2-3 DENSITY:-MEDIUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY:-2.5 DEGREE OF
TRANSPARENCY:-OPAQUE
TALC FORM:-FOLIATED COLOUR:-GREY STREAK:-WHITE LUSTRE:-WAXY/PEARLY CLEAVAGE:-1 SET FRACTURE:-UNEVEN HARDNESS:-1 DENSITY:-MEDIUM SPECIFIC GRAVITY:-2.7-
2.8 DEGREE OF
TRANSPARENCY:-OPAQUE
GYPSUM FORM:-TABULAR COLOUR:-COLOURLESS STREAK:-WHITE LUSTRE:-VITREOUS AND
SILKY CLEAVAGE:-PERFECT FRACTURE:-EVEN TO
UNEVEN HARDNESS:-2 DENSITY:-LOW SPECIFIC GRAVITY:-2.3 DEGREE OF
TRANSPARENCY:-TRANSLUCENT TO TRANSPARENT
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