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What Is Automation ?“It is an idea of controlling a system or any equipments or a process with respect to a set of instruction or a condition”Automation is basically the delegation of human control function to technical equipment for, Increasing Productivity Increasing Quality Reducing Cost Increasing Safety in
working conditions
Human Aided
Automatic
Automation is basically a delegation of human control function to control technical equipment. Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies reducing the need for human intervention.
Automation
where Automation?
Cement & Fertilizer
Automobile Food processing
Power Generation
Petrochemical
Oil & Gas Water Treatment
Manual Control
PLC
Pneumatic Control Hard Wire Logic Control
Electronic Control Using Gates
History Of Automation
Inputs Outputs
The Basic Block
A Programmable Logic Controller is a solid state control system that continuously monitors the status of devices connected as inputs. Based upon a user written program, stored in memory, it controls the status of devices connected as outputs.
CPU
What is PLC?
Programmable Logic Controllers
Digitally operating electronic device. Uses a programmable memory for the
internal storage of instructions for implementing specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting and arithmetic Can control through digital or analog
input or output modules, various types of machines or processes.
PLC Advantages
•Handles much more complicated systems.•Less and simple wiring.•Easy programming•Increased Reliability. •More Flexibility. •Lower Cost .•Faster Response. •Easier to troubleshoot. •Remote control capability. •Communication Capability.
Basic Architecture Of PLC
PROCESSOR
POWERSUPPLY
I MN O P D U UT L E
O M U OT DP UU LT E
PROGRAMMING DEVICE
ToOUTPUT
Solenoids, contactors,
alarmsetc.
From SENSORSPushbuttons,
contacts,limit switches,
etc.
What are Inputs?
• Switches and Pushbuttons• Sensing Devices
• Limit Switches• Photoelectric Sensors• Proximity Sensors
• Condition Sensors • Pressure Switches• Level Switches• Temperature Switches• Vacuum Switches• Float Switches
What are Outputs?
• Valves• Motor Starters• Solenoids• Actuators• Control Relays• Horns & Alarms• Stack Lights• Fans• Counter• Pumps
Allen Bradley SLC 500 Modular PLC
Power supply Processor Input modules Output module
Slot 0 Slot 2Slot 1 Slot 3
CPU
I/O Modules Back plane
PLC Parts
1 2 3 4 5 6 C7 1110980 12 13
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Power
RunForceCommunication
MicroLogix 1200
OUT
IN
Allen Bradley MicroLogix 1200 Fixed PLC
24 Volts
Power Supply
Motor
Starter
L2
PLC I/OSection
PLC O/PSection
Sensor input to PLC
PLC Output to Motor Starter
Sensor
PLC size
SMALL - It covers units with up to128 I/O’s and memories up to2 Kbytes. These PLC’s are capable of providing simple to advance levels or machine controls.
MEDIUM- Have up to 2048 I/O’s and memories up to 32 Kbytes.
LARGE - The most sophisticated units of the PLC family. They have up to 8192 I/O’s and memories up to 750 Kbytes.
Can control individual production processes or entire plant.
PLC Operation sequence
Self test
Input scan
Logic scan
Output scan
1)Self test: Testing of its own hardware and
software for faults.2)Input scan: If there are no problems,
PLC will copy all the inputs and copy their
values into memory.3)Logic solve/scan: Using inputs, the ladder logic program is solved once and outputs are updated.4)Output scan: While solving logic the output values are updated only in memory , the real outputs will be updated using temporary values in memory during o/p scan.
How simple is plc pgm.
HLLL S
S
S M
SET/RESET Timer
Level
LEVEL Control system
PLC
LEVEL Control system
SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
What is SCADA?SCADA is “Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition”. Real-time industrial process control systems used to centrally monitor and control remote or local industrial equipment such as motors, valves, pumps, relays, sensors, etc.SCADA is Combination of telemetry and Data Acquisition.
SCADA is not just a hardware, neither a software. It’s a concept,it’s a system as a combination of special hardware, software and protocols.
SCADA is used to control chemical plant processes, oil and gas pipelines, electrical generation and transmission equipment, manufacturing facilities, water purification and distribution infrastructure, etc.
Sensor/Actuator
Bus
Field bus
ProgrammableLogic Controller
Plant bus
SCADA level
Plant Level
Field level
File Edit EngineeringOperator
2122
33
234
direct I/OSensor /
Location of SCADA in the plant hierarchy
SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Central Monitoring Unit
CommunicationsNetwork
Sensor
Sensor
Programmable Logic Controller
Sensor
Fiber, Radio, Modem,Microwave, Telephone, Wireless, Powerline Carrier
Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)
RTU
RTU
Human Machine Interface (HMI)
System Concept of SCADA
SCADA
SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Cooling System
SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Dynamic Representation Alarms
Trends Scripts
SCADASupervisory Control And Data Acquisition
Device Connectivity
Recipe Security
Database Connectivity
OVERVIEW
What is Automation History Automation PLC
Architecture operation Programming
SCADA Working features
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