Presentation paper id 11-14

Properties of no-cement binder containing slag, fly ash,

rice husk ash and coconut fiber with chemical activator

CICM 2015

First International Conference on

Advances in Civil Infrastructure and Construction Materials

MIST, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 14–15 December 2015

Md. Shafi Ullah

Graduate, Department of Civil Engineering

Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur, Bangladesh

Monjurul Hasan

Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering


Dr. Md. Rezaul Karim

Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering


Contents

Introduction

Review of Literature

Objectives of the study

Materials and Methodology

Test result and Discussion

Conclusion

Recommendation

Introduction

• Concrete is responsible for up to 5% CO2 of the world's

total amount of carbon emissions (Stephanie, 2008)

• Cement production is extremely energy intensive, which

making as the third producer of CO2 emissions.

• Production of cement is increasing by approx. 5% in a

year.

• 300 million tons of CO2 could be reduced by replacing

only 18.5% of cement with slag or fly ash (FA) per year

globally (Bremner 2001).

• Slag is a by-product or waste from steel mills

• FA is produced from coal operated power plants

• Rice husk ash (RHA) generates from the rice processingindustries.

• All of these waste materials contain a high percentage of silicon

dioxide in amorphous and/or crystalline form (Chindaprasirt et al.

2007, 2008; Zain et al. 2011).

• Coconut fibers are dumped as agricultural waste has certainphysical and mechanical characteristics that can be utilizedeffectively in the development of reinforced concrete material.

Introduction

Review of Literatures

Materials RatioW/B

Ratio

Coconut

Fiber(%)

Compressive

Strength at

28 day (MPa)

Reference

FA:OPC 20:80 0.5 0.0 60.5Chindaprasirt

2009a

RHA:OPC20:80

0.53 0.0 29.5Ganesan et

al. 2008

FA:OPC20:80

0.5 0.0 60.5

Chindaprasirt

2009a

Cement:

sand:

aggregates

1:1.6:3.6 0.53 2 24.3

Baruah and

Talukdar

(2007)]

Slag:FA:RHA 55:25:20 0.5-0.6 0 32.2 Karim, 2013

Objectives of the study

The main goal of this study is to investigate different properties

of a alkali activated binder containing slag, FA, RHA with

coconut fibers.

• To determine the flexural, tensile and compressive strength

of the alkali activated binder with coconut fibers.

• To study the new binder as an alternative light weight

material.

• To Provide safeguard to the environment by utilizing above

mention waste.

Materials

Slag

FIGURE :- Photograph of the slag as obtained from industry

Fly Ash

FIGURE :-Photograph of the FA as received from industry

Materials

Rice Husk Ash

FIGURE :-Photograph of the rice husk ash

Materials

NaOH

FIGURE :- Photograph of chemical activators: NaOH

Materials

Materials

FIGURE :- Photograph of Coconut fibers

Coconut fiber

• Three different percentage of coconut fibers (1 % ,1.5 % and 2.0 %)

were used as reinforcement.

• Three different percentage of NaOH (5 %,10 % and 15 %) were used

as activator.

• Three different ages of mortar 14, 28, and 90 days strength were

studied.

• 50% sylhet sand and 50% local sand were used as fine aggregate

Methodology

Table 1: Mix proportion of raw materials ( by weight)

Mix noW/B

Ratio

Sand/

Binder

Slag

(%)

F A

(%)

RHA

(%)

Coconut

fiber (%)

NaOH

(%)

Mix-1(a) 0.50 3.0 50 35 15 0 5%

Mix-1(b) 0.50 3.0 50 35 15 0 10%

Mix-1(c) 0.50 3.0 50 35 15 0 15%

Mix-2 0.50 3.0 50 35 14 1 10%

Mix-3 0.50 3.0 50 35 13.5 1.5 10%

Mix-4 0.50 3.0 50 35 13 2 10%

Methodology

Determination of physical properties of materials

Fineness

Specific Gravity

Methodology

•Tensile Strength (using Briquette mould)

• Flexural Strength

• Compressive Strength

The following tests were conducted on the respective

specimens

Methodology

Standard prism size

40 X 40 X 160 mm

were used.

Test Result and Discussion

Table 2: Physical properties of the materials

Name of materials Specific gravityFineness

(% Passing # 200 sieve)

Slag 2.75 100

FA 2.38 99.9

Ground RHA 1.98 100

OPC 3.14 100

Coconut fiber 1.18 ---


MixUnit weight of

Mortar(kg/m3)Mix

Unit weight of

Mortar( kg/m3)

Mix-1(a) 1841 Mix-2 1785

Mix-1(b) 1860 Mix-3 1780

Mix-1(c) 1808 Mix-4 1775

OPC Mortar 2200

Table 3: Unit weight of the mortar specimens


2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 20 40 60 80 100

Co

mp

res

siv

e s

tre

ng

th (

MP

a)

Days

15%NaOH 5%NaOH 10% NaOH

FIGURE 1: Compressive strength of mortar as influenced by amount

of activator

4.14.8

5.45.2

7.5

8.6

5.1

7.1

8.28.7 8.8

10.6

8.7

9.7

12.5

6.9 7.1

10.4

14 Days 28 Days 90 Days

Age of the specimen

MIX-1(A) MIX-1(B) MIX-1(C)

MIX-2 MIX-3 MIX-4

Com

pre

ssiv

e S

tren

gth

(M

Pa

)

FIGURE 2: Compressive strength of NCB mortars specimens at different ages



FIGURE 3: Compressive strength of mortar as influenced by percentage

of Coconut fiber.

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Co

mp

essiv

e s

tren

gth

(M

Pa)

% Of Coconut fiber


1.7 1.71.8

2.42.5

2.6

2.9 2.9 2.9

2.42.6

2.7

2.3

2.6

2.9

2.12.2

2.3


Mix-1(a) Mix-1(b) Mix-1(c)

Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4


FIGURE 4: Flexural strength of NCB mortars specimens at different ages

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.5

0.6 0.6

0.5

0.6 0.60.6

0.7 0.70.7 0.7 0.7

0.6

0.7 0.7


Age of the specimen

Mix-1(a) Mix-1(b) Mix-1(c)

Mix-2 Mix-3 Mix-4

Test Result and analysis

FIGURE 5: Tensile strength of NCB mortars specimens at different ages

Conclusion

• Specific gravity of no-cement binder (NCB) with coconut fiber

composite mortars (Slag, FA, RHA and Coconut fibers) is lower

than conventional OPC mortar.

• Unit weight of NCB mortar is near about 1800 kg/m3 and for OPC

mortar this value is 2200 kg/m3 . Therefore, it can be concluded

that the use of coconut fiber with NCB has great potential in the

production of lightweight mortar/concrete

• Materials should be processed properly maintaining high fineness

Otherwise more chemical activator (minimum 10% activator by

weight of binder) must be used.

• Addition of 1.5% coconut fiber with NCB achieved best compressive

and flexural strength of 12.5MPa and 2.9 MPa respectively after 90

days curing period.

• Improvement on compressive and flexural strength about 44.7 %

and 11.7% respectively in comparison with NCB without coconut

fiber.

• The tensile strength of NCB was found to be 0.8 Mpa at 90 days

(improved by 22.41%).

• Therefore, 1.5 % can be declared as optimum coconut fiber content

to achieve highest strength.

Conclusion

Thank You