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PROFINET
Applying the
Ethernet
Standard to
Industrial
Automation
Peter Thomas
Control Specialists Ltd
in conjunction with Verwer Training & Consultancy Ltd
www.controlspecialists.co.uk
www.verwertraining.com
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014
2
Objectives
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014
• A review of PROFIBUS• PROFINET the natural evolution of PROFIBUS• Connecting to existing Fieldbus systems• Control System Configuration• Network Monitoring Considerations
www.controlspecialists.co.ukwww.verwertraining.com
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard to Industrial Automation.
Review of PROFIBUS
• PROFIBUS is a multi-drop network where many devices are connected to one cable.
• Every PROFIBUS device must have a unique address which is set by the engineer during set up
• Up to 126 PROFIBUS devices can be connected together in a single network.
• However only 32 devices can be connected on a segment.• Segments are formed using repeaters, hubs, optical links or couplers.
• DP devices run on RS485 cabling using shielded twisted pair cable terminated at the ends to stop reflections.
• PA devices run on Manchester Bus Powered (MBP) cable.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Review of PROFIBUS
• A PROFIBUS network must have a Class-1 master. The Class-1 master must be configured to communicate with its allocated slaves.
• Each device has a GSD file which describes its characteristics, options, diagnostics etc.
• A Class-2 master can optionally be connected to the network for engineering functions such as parameter setting, calibration or diagnostics etc.
• DP devices can run at a bit rate from 9.6kbit/s up to 12Mbit/s (all devices at the same bit rate).
• PA devices always run at 31.25kbit/s.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014
Review of PROFIBUS
• The protocol is a simple master slave communication with token passing between masters.
• Only one device can talk at a time and communicational is one way at a time (half duplex).
• Device start up is standardised and checks include:• ID number, unique identification for each type of device (check configured ID=device ID)
• IO configuration (check modules present=modules configured)
• Standardised diagnostics.• Communication errors and peripheral errors.
• Standardised profiles• PA devices, drives, encoders, safety etc.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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What is PROFINET?
• PROFINET is an open Industrial Ethernet standard developed by the PROFIBUS Organisation.
• It is NOT PROFIBUS over Ethernet.• PROFINET uses completely standard modern Ethernet (IEEE802.3). However, some features of PROFINET require additional standards to operate.
• Ethernet is not a multi drop network. Each cable only connects two devices. Switches are used to branch from device to device with a maximum cable length between devices of 100m
• Ethernet uses four core twisted pair screened cable• Termination (to stop reflections) is provided in every device and is no longer in the hands of the user.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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PROFINET
• PROFINET is not a master/slave protocol. Full duplex communication is used which means that devices can read and write at the same time.
• PROFINET operates at 100Mbit/s or faster.• PROFINET makes use of Existing IT standards but, unlike IT systems, is “real-time” and deterministic.
• PROFINET is very well thought out to meet all the requirements of automation and control systems incorporating:
• High speed time communication with a range of real-time performance classes.
• Standardised communication and peripheral diagnostics.• Profiles for a wide range of applications.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Ethernet
IO-Controller
� Configuration� Control/monitoring� Alarms
� Diagnosis� Status/Control� Parameters IO-Device
PROFINET IO devices
PROFINET SupervisorE.g. PLC running
application program.E.g. PC or laptop running
engineering tool application.
E.g. Field device with inputs/outputs
(Compare with PROFIBUS Class-1 master)
(Compare with PROFIBUS Class-2 master)
(Compare with PROFIBUS Slave device)
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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PROFIBUS and the OSI model
physical (1)
application (7)
OSImodel
User layer
(3) to (6)
data link (2)
MBP(IEC61158-2)
Not used
MBP interface
Fieldbus MessageSpecification (FMS)
FMS profiles DP profiles
DP basic functions DPV0
DP extensions DPV1, DPV2
Fieldbus Data Link (FDL)
RS485/Fibre optic
FMS DP PA
PA profiles
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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ProfilesUser layer Profiles
PROFINET and the OSI model
Application Layer (7)
Presentation Layer (6)
Session Layer (5)
Transport Layer (4)
Network Layer (3)
Data Link Layer (2)
Physical layer (1)
IP
PROFINET Real-time channel
TCP/UDP
PROFINET Application Layer
Standard fast Ethernet.
Non time critical communications
Real time communications
Not used Not used
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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PROFINET IO
• Many features that have been developed for PROFIBUS devices have been directly incorporated into PROFINET:
• Standardised module and channel-related diagnostics,• Alarm and status information,• Identification and Maintenance (I&M) functions,• Time stamping,• Device description file (GSD) with configuration data for the device and available modules – PROFINET based on XML (called GSDML)
• Highly deterministic process cycle timing.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Real-Time Operation
• What does “Real-Time” mean?• A real-time control system responds in a deterministic manner within a time which is short compared to the plant response time.
• i.e. it depends on the application!• Standard communications (IT)
• requires a response in the order of ~100ms.• Factory automation
• requires a response time in the order of 1 to 10ms.• Multi axis motion control
• requires a response time in the order of 0.1 to 1ms with a jitter of less than 1µs.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Real-Time Operation
• PROFINET makes use of:• TCP/IP for standard communications, achieving response times typically less than 100ms.
• A Real-Time, RT, channel for I/O communications, achieving cycle times between 1 and 10ms.
• Isochronous Real-Time, IRT, channel for highly deterministic performance (drives and servos), achieving cycle times down to 32µs with <1µs jitter.
• RT and IRT communications are totally compatible with TCP/IP.
• Because they are encapsulated inside a standard Ethernet frame.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Real-Time Operation
• PROFINET IRT complies with IEEE 1588 – “Precision clock synchronization protocol for networked measurement and control systems”.
• However this not always good enough!• PROFINET extensions to IEEE 1588 provide better accuracy with:
• Automatic determination and compensation of the network transmission time.
• Giving less than 1µs jitter.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Isochronous Real-Time Operation
IRTchannel
IRTchannel
Non real-timechannel
IRTchannel
Non real-timechannel
Non real-timechannel
Cycle times down to 32µs possible
Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3
IRTSyncOpen channeli.e. TCP/IP
RT NRT
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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IRT traffic
• IRT traffic uses a reserved time slot at the beginning of each cycle. This is always delivered on time.
• RT traffic has higher priority than standard TCP/IP traffic.
• TCP/IP must wait for RT to finish.
Reserved for IRT IRT
TCP/IP
TCP/IPRT
RT
TCP/IPRT
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
RT
RT
RT
RT
RT
IRTIRTIRTIRTIRTIRTIRT
Overtaking lane
Normal lane
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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IRT performance
• Cycle time 1 ms, IRT phase less than 200µs, leaving ~80 % for RT and standard communication.
Central control with motion control and operator panel
Multi-axis drives Single-axis drives
Open factory network
RouterE.g. 24 axes with1000byte I/O
PROFIdrive
profile
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Functional Safety with PROFINET
• PROFINET also offers safety oriented communication that allows for integrating safety oriented components.
• A second 'safety fieldbus' is not necessary. • PROFIsafe V2 can be used in functional safety systems up to EN954 cat 4, PL e or SIL3.
• PROFIsafe is a profile that can be used in PROFIBUS and PROFINET.
• However, PROFINET has a significant advantage that safe and standard IO can be mixed in a single device.
www.controlspecialists.co.ukwww.verwertraining.comPROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014
Functional Safety with PROFINET
Standard PROFINET I/O
protocol
Standardapplication
Safetyapplication
Ethernet
PROFISAFElayer
Standard PROFINET I/O
protocol
Standardapplication
Safetyapplication
PROFINET “Black-channel”
PROFIsafe Profile
• PROFIsafe V2 provides functional safety for both PROFIBUS and PROFINET systems.
• Suitable for use in SIL3 applications.
PROFISAFElayer
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Other innovations on PROFINET
• Time synchronisation and time stamping.• The IRT facilities allow accurate time stamping to be implemented using IRT clock synchronisation.
• Configuration in Run• The ability to change the configuration of a device without stopping the control application.
• Standardised, scalable redundancy• High availability using redundant ring architecture and standard Media Redundancy Protocol, MRP.
• Standardised energy saving using the PROFIenergy profile.• Intelligent shutdown and start-up from power save.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Integration with Fieldbus
• Over 3000 different products are available on PROFIBUS from over 300 different manufacturers.
• There are currently far fewer devices available for PROFINET. So integration of PROFIBUS and PROFINET is very desirable.
• PROFINET provides a transparent interface with PROFIBUS via a standardised gateway or “Proxy”.
• The Proxy is a PROFINET IO device on one side and a PROFIBUS master on the other.
• PROFIBUS Configuration is integrated into the PROFINET configurator and is downloaded via Ethernet.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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PROFIBUS
PROFINET
Integration with Fieldbus
PROFIBUS DP
PROXY
PROFIBUS PA
INTERBUS-S
PROXY
PROFINET
Other fieldbusses:AS-i, Modbus, DeviceNet,and others being developed.
PROXY
www.controlspecialists.co.ukwww.verwertraining.comPROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014
Hardware Configuration
• Configuring a PROFINET system is very similar to configuring a PROFIBUS system.
• The configuration is usually done using the programming tool of the hardware vendor e.g. Siemens Step 7 Rockwell RS Logix 5000 etc.
• Before you begin make sure that you have the GSDML files for each device on the network.
• For each device you add, you assign a user-friendly device name and an IP address.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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24
Siemens – Hardware Configuration
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Network Diagnostics
• The use of PROFINET diagnostic tools and devices willallow you to monitor the live status of your PROFINETNetwork.
• During the design phase, careful consideration has to begiven as to how these tools will connect to the network.
• Connecting a device or tool to the wrong point in thenetwork can result in misleading, or even missing,diagnostic information.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Network Monitoring Considerations
• There are three preferred ways of connecting adiagnostic tool to a PROFINET network:-
• Via a Mirrored Port on a managed switch.• Using a TAP in series with the with the IO Controller and its IOdevices.
• Using a permanently connected diagnostic device.
• However, very often, the first two of these methodsonly allow communications in one direction, i.e. to themonitoring software.
• This can lead to certain functions of the tool notworking.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014
Diagnostic Monitoring using a Managed Switch
WAGO 750-340
RACK03DEV1192.168.0.31
00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS ET200S
RACK03DEV2192.168.0.32
00-1B-1B-25-B7-1D
MURR IMPACT20
RACK03DEV3192.168.0.33
00-0F-9E-08-7F-DE
MOXA ETS-5055-PORT SWITCH
00-90-E8-0C-B6-29
SIEMENS X208 8-PORT
SWITCH
192.168.0.1 (WEB)00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS CP315-2 DPPN CPU
MASTERRACKCPU192.168.0.2
00-0E-8C-FE-75-E2
Let us consider the monitoring all PROFINET communications between the IO Controller and the 3 IO Devices by connecting to the 8-port switch.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Ethernet Switches
• PROFINET networks make extensive use of switches.
• Simply plugging in a diagnostic tool into a spare port on the switch will not work because switches only send messages to the port to which the intended receiving device is connected.
• To overcome this we set up one port as a mirrored port (usually a feature of managed switches).
• But note, that some mirrored ports are NOT bi-directional which can prevent certain diagnostic functions working
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Diagnostic Monitoring using a Managed Switch
WAGO 750-340
RACK03DEV1192.168.0.31
00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS ET200S
RACK03DEV2192.168.0.32
00-1B-1B-25-B7-1D
MURR IMPACT20
RACK03DEV3192.168.0.33
00-0F-9E-08-7F-DE
MOXA ETS-5055-PORT SWITCH
00-90-E8-0C-B6-29
SIEMENS X208 8-PORT
SWITCH
192.168.0.1 (WEB)00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS CP315-2 DPPN CPU
MASTERRACKCPU192.168.0.2
00-0E-8C-FE-75-E2
The solid line connects the laptop to a mirrored port the dashed line is a second connection to a spare port –this is only required when the mirrored port is NOT bi-directional AND the diagnostic software needs to transmit data
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Diagnostic Monitoring using a PROFINET Tap
WAGO 750-340
RACK03DEV1192.168.0.31
00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS ET200S
RACK03DEV2192.168.0.32
00-1B-1B-25-B7-1D
MURR IMPACT20
RACK03DEV3192.168.0.33
00-0F-9E-08-7F-DE
MOXA ETS-5055-PORT SWITCH
00-90-E8-0C-B6-29
SIEMENS X208 8-PORT
SWITCH
192.168.0.1 (WEB)00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS CP315-2 DPPN CPU
MASTERRACKCPU192.168.0.2
00-0E-8C-FE-75-E2
Let us consider the monitoring all PROFINET communications between the IO Controller and the 3 IO Devices using a TAP.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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PROFINET Tap
• If you do not have a switch that supports port mirroring, an alternative is to use a TAP.
• Taps have two RJ45 ports and are connected in series with the device(s) that you want to monitor.
• The PC connects to the Tap via a USB interface.
• By definition, the installing of a tap requires you to disrupt the network when installing it.
IN OUT
USB
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Diagnostic Monitoring using a PROFINET Tap
WAGO 750-340
RACK03DEV1192.168.0.31
00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS ET200S
RACK03DEV2192.168.0.32
00-1B-1B-25-B7-1D
MURR IMPACT20
RACK03DEV3192.168.0.33
00-0F-9E-08-7F-DE
MOXA ETS-5055-PORT SWITCH
00-90-E8-0C-B6-29
SIEMENS X208 8-PORT
SWITCH
192.168.0.1 (WEB)00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS CP315-2 DPPN CPU
MASTERRACKCPU192.168.0.2
00-0E-8C-FE-75-E2
USB
Connection to spare port
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014
Permanent Monitoring
WAGO 750-340
RACK03DEV1192.168.0.31
00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS ET200S
RACK03DEV2192.168.0.32
00-1B-1B-25-B7-1D
MURR IMPACT20
RACK03DEV3192.168.0.33
00-0F-9E-08-7F-DE
MOXA ETS-5055-PORT SWITCH
00-90-E8-0C-B6-29
SIEMENS X208 8-PORT
SWITCH
192.168.0.1 (WEB)00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS CP315-2 DPPN CPU
MASTERRACKCPU192.168.0.2
00-0E-8C-FE-75-E2
Let us consider the monitoring all PROFINET communications between the IO Controller and the 3 IO Devices using a permanently connected monitoring device.
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
www.verwertraining.com
WAGO 750-340
RACK03DEV1192.168.0.31
00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS ET200S
RACK03DEV2192.168.0.32
00-1B-1B-25-B7-1D
MURR IMPACT20
RACK03DEV3192.168.0.33
00-0F-9E-08-7F-DE
MOXA ETS-5055-PORT SWITCH
00-90-E8-0C-B6-29
SIEMENS X208 8-PORT
SWITCH
192.168.0.1 (WEB)00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS CP315-2 DPPN CPU
MASTERRACKCPU192.168.0.2
00-0E-8C-FE-75-E2
Connection to web server
MONITORING DEVICE
24v Supply
Permanent Monitoring
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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WireShark
• Wireshark® is a network protocol analyser. Itlets you capture and interactively browse thetraffic running on a computer network.
• It is not dedicated to PROFINET and as suchcannot be compared to ProfiTrace.
• It is free to download and available fromwww.wireshark.org
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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WireShark
• Wireshark® can be used to capture andanalyse the following PROFINET traffic:-
– Start-Up Checks / IP Assignment etc.– Data Exchange– Loss of Module– Loss of Communications– Duplicate Device Name – SNMP / LLDP traffic
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Using a Managed Switch with WireShark
WAGO 750-340
RACK03DEV1192.168.0.31
00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS ET200S
RACK03DEV2192.168.0.32
00-1B-1B-25-B7-1D
MURR IMPACT20
RACK03DEV3192.168.0.33
00-0F-9E-08-7F-DE
MOXA ETS-5055-PORT SWITCH
00-90-E8-0C-B6-29
SIEMENS X208 8-PORT
SWITCH
192.168.0.1 (WEB)00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS CP315-2 DPPN CPU
MASTERRACKCPU192.168.0.2
00-0E-8C-FE-75-E2
Connection to mirrored port
PROFINET - Applying the Ethernet Standard - V1.0 Apr 2014www.controlspecialists.co.uk
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Using a PROFITAP with WireShark
WAGO 750-340
RACK03DEV1192.168.0.31
00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS ET200S
RACK03DEV2192.168.0.32
00-1B-1B-25-B7-1D
MURR IMPACT20
RACK03DEV3192.168.0.33
00-0F-9E-08-7F-DE
MOXA ETS-5055-PORT SWITCH
00-90-E8-0C-B6-29
SIEMENS X208 8-PORT
SWITCH
192.168.0.1 (WEB)00-0E-8C-9B-94-BD
SIEMENS CP315-2 DPPN CPU
MASTERRACKCPU192.168.0.2
00-0E-8C-FE-75-E2
USB
Connection to spare port
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39
Questions?
Peter ThomasControl Specialists Ltd
[email protected] – http://www.linkedin.com/company/2198880
www.conTel +44(0)1925 824003Mob +44(0)7971 405871
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