RAINWATER HARVESTINGan investment for next generation

A SEMINAR PRESENTATION BY

MAHIN.T.A

Roll No 17, E5-CIVIL,

MTI, THRISSUR

A famous quote…

“The wars of this century were fought over oil, the wars of the next century will be fought over water”.

Former World Bank vice-president Ismail Serageldin

INTRODUCTION

1. PRESENTS OF WATER ON EARTH

2. WORLD WATER DISTRIBUTION

3. WATER CYCLE

4. A STUDY ABOUT WATER RESOURCES IN KERALA

5. WHY RAIN WATER HARVETING?

6. STUDIES BY GROUND WATER DEPARTMENT

7. METHODS FOR RAIN WATER HARVESTING

8. ADVANTAGES OF GROUND WATER RECHARGING

• 1. PRESENTS OF WATER ON EARTH

Water covers about 70% of our planet, and it is easy to think that it will always be

plentiful.

WATER DISTRIBUTION

….in briefIt is estimated that 97.2% of water on our

planetoccurs in sea and nearly 2% occurs in ice

bodies. Theremaining 0.8 % occurs as ground water and

surface water.Out of these 0.8 %, one third is in the form

surface waterand two third in the form of ground water.

Precisely 99.2% of water available on the earth is un suitable for direct use, because it is either saline or occurs as solid ice in

inaccessible places. So only the remaining 0.8% of water

is available for direct exploitation. This limited source

becomes more precious when the demand is growing at

an alarming rate.

Enough water around us but…not a drop to drink…

A brief study about water resources in Kerala

We receives 2.78 times more rainfall than national average.

Compared to Rajistan 5 times and Tamilnadu 3 times.

We are blessed with 44 rivers (in Kerala only).

We have 44 lakhs open wells to meet our domestic, irrigational and industrial purposes ; i.e well density 10-450/square Kilometer – This is a world record.

• Why Rain Water Harvesting?• Ground water is supposed to be an annually

replenishing resource. In the balanced situation the annual draft created due to the drawl of ground water will be replenished to the original status during the next rainy season. Depending upon the porosity and permeability of the prevailing geological formations, the infiltrating water will be stored either in the unconfined aquifer or in the deep seated confined or semi confined aquifer.

• According to studies of Ground Water Department Kerala,the ground water levels of Kerala wells have declined within a range of 30 cm to three meters within a period of five years. The extrapolation of these water level plots seriously indicate that, a huge number of wells in Kerala may become permanently dry shortly.

Also reveals that serious quality hazards are stepping in, though the gravity is less.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING METHODS1. Contour Cultivation

• 2. Construction of Check Dams- across rivers and canals

• 3. Gully Plugging

4. Percolation Ponds.

5. Digging of Rain pits.

6. Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting

ADVANTAGES OF GROUND WATER RECHARGING

It will increase ground water levelIt will improve the quality of waterIt will prevent the spreading of salt water

(in costal areas)If rain water collect in a storage tank at

above ground level, shall avoid pumping it save money.

Well Recharging improves the Quality of water

.....in conclusion• Water is a precious resource due to

increases in demand from our ever growing population. Rainwater harvesting can provide around 50 per cent of a family’s water needs.  This not only saves water, but saves money and it reduces our impact on the environment.

• May be we shall survive years without rain……………

»But we shall not cover a day without water!!!!!

WATER IS A PRESIOUS RESOURCE RAIN IS A GREAT BLESSING

………Thank you

Referance:1. UNICEF report2. Report of K.V.Mohanan.

Senior Hydro Geologist, Ground water Dept.