PRESENTED BY:

ANJALI SHISHODIA

PRESENTATION OUTLINE Introduction

Working

Applications

Advantages

Disadvantages

Differences

Future uses

Conclusion

What is RFID? RFID stands for Radio-frequency identification (RFID

) an Auto-ID data collection system surveillance, using RF waves for Identifying, Tracking and doing Management of material flow.

It is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. An RFID tag is an object that can be attached to or incorporated into a product for the purpose of identification using radio waves.

• Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item.

• Basic concept behind RFID is same as “Mirror-Sunlight-Reflection theory.

• Invented and used from early 1940’s but Commercial operation begun from 1960’s.

RFID tags: Smart labels

4

… and a chip

attached to it

… on a substrate

e.g. a plastic

foil ...

an antenna,

printed, etched

or stamped ...

A paper label

with RFID inside

RFID System Components RFID Tag

Transponder

Located on the object

RFID Reader

Transceiver

Can read and write data to Tag

Data Processing Subsystem

Transponder

• Consists of silicon based microchip that stores data and antenna.

Tags can be classified in three different ways :

Active, Passive, Semi active (semi passive)

• Active transponders have on-tag batteries and also known as beacons (broadcast its own signal).

• Passive transponders obtain all power from the RF interrogation signal of reader.

• Active and passive only communicate when interrogated by transceiver.

Tags can also be classified on the basis of:

• Read-only (RO)

• Write once, read many (WORM)

• Read-write (RW)

SMART LABELS (tags) Typical Frequency: 13.56 MHz-HF system uses passive tags

- a worldwide standardized frequency

Libraries use high frequency passive tags

In our library we paste these tags on the preface page of the book

Presently four main frequency bands used in RFID systems

Low Frequency band: 125/134 KHz

High Frequency band: 13.56 MHz

Ultra High Frequency band: 800-900 MHz

Microwave band: 2.4-5.8 GHz

READER• A device that is used to interrogate an Tag.

Basic components are:

A scanning Antenna

A transceiver with a decoder to interpret data

helps in personalize & read data.

Some RFID readers

Data Processing Subsystem Backend System

Connected via high-speed network

Computers used for business planning (ERP)

Database storage

Can be as simple as a reader attached to a cash register

RFID System

Eth

ern

et

RFID

Reader

RFID Tag RF Antenna Network Workstation

How does RFID work?

working

A radio device called a tag is attached to the object that needs to be identified.

When this tagged object is presented in front of a suitable RFID reader, the tag transmits this data to the reader (via the reader antenna).

The reader then reads the data and has the capability to forward it over suitable communication channels.

This application can then use this unique data to identify the object presented to the reader.

It can then perform a variety of actions

RFID tags - Active vs. Passive

Active RFID Passive RFID

Tag Power Source Internal to tag Energy transferred using

RF from reader

Tag Battery Yes No

Availability of power Continuous Only in field of reader

Required signal

strength to read tag

Very Low Very High

Range Up to 100 meters Up to 3-5m, usually less

Multi-tag reading 1000’s of tags recognized

– speeds up to 100

miles/hour.

Few hundred within 3m of

reader

Data Storage Up to 1Mb of read/write

with sophisticated search

and access

128 bytes of read/write

RFID Applications Manufacturing and Processing

Inventory and production process monitoring Warehouse order fulfillment

Supply Chain Management Inventory tracking systems Logistics management

Retail Inventory control and customer insight Auto checkout with reverse logistics

Security Access control Counterfeiting and Theft control/prevention

Location Tracking Traffic movement control and parking management Wildlife/Livestock monitoring and tracking

continued……….

Inventory Monitoring Library book and bookstore tracking Pallet tracking (Wal-Mart and the Dept. of Defense)

Access Control Hand Implants ID badges

Payment Systems The American Express Blue Card, a feature they call Express Pay Exxon Mobile Speed Pass Airline baggage tracking Cell phones are including RFID tags built in Electronic payment – credit card companies moving to RFID-enabled

cards to increase efficiency and reduce time at point-of-sale for customer, merchant, and card issuer.

Commercially for truck and trailer tracking in shipping yardsLong range access control for vehicles Entry gates Electronic toll collection

RFID application points

• Assembly Line

Shipping Portals

Handheld Applications

Bill of Lading

Material Tracking

Wireless

Smart groceries

• Add an RFID tag to all items in the grocery.

• As the cart leaves the store, it passes through an RFID transceiver.

• The cart is rung up in seconds.

Smart groceries enhanced

• Track products through their entire lifetime.

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RFID Implants

Before After implant surgery

RFID animal tracking system Cattle and farm animals are being tagged to improve

tracking and monitoring of health.

Advantages Contactless. An RFID tag can be read without any physical

contact between the tag and the reader.

Writable data. The data of a read-write (RW) RFID tag can be rewritten a large number of times.

Absence of line of sight. A line of sight is generally not required for an RFID reader to read an RFID tag.

Variety of read ranges.

Wide data-capacity range.

Support for multiple tag reads.

Perform smart tasks.

Better collection management

Improved productivity and services.

Disadvantages

Poor performance with RF-opaque and RF-absorbent objects.

Impacted by environmental factors.

Impacted by hardware interference.

Cost factors: Implementation and on going system cost.

It is a controversial technology:

Continued….. Consumer privacy advocates often refer to RFIDs as “spychips”.

RFIDs can be tracked by anyone with a high-gain antenna, potentially allowing the contents of a home to be scanned at a distance.

Could be used to track an individual’s movements without their knowledge.

Information about an individual can be gleaned from an RFID even after its disposal

Three main privacy concerns in a retail scenario:

Purchaser of item may not be aware of its presence Tag can be read at a distance without purchaser’s knowledge May be possible to tie RFID ID to purchaser’s credit card and personal

information Medical

Implants/Personal Information Verichip is a tiny implantable chip that holds medical records.

Health Risks Hard to remove once implanted. Long term effects unknown

BARCODE Vs RFID

Library book management and security systems

book and borrower card

scanner

library system

1

2

3

4

check-out record

Book Drop Reader

Self Checks-in books

when patrons drop

them in book-drop …..

SECURITY GATE

Verify that all books leaving the library

have been checked out.

Detect Theft and

Prevent unauthorized removal

of material

Key Agenda and Concern for library

Key Agenda Material security

Financial liabilities

Personal comfort and safety

Privacy and problem patrons

key concern To increase productivity

Improve customer services

maintain current staff level

Inventory Management Read/Write

- Ability to add information directly to tags enables each unique asset to carry its own unique history

Non-contact Reads- Ability to read tags at a distance, under a variety of environmental conditions, without physical manipulation of the asset

Fast Read- Ability to simultaneously read large numbers (1000-1750

tags/sec) of items Automation

- Requires less human intervention Authenticity

- Each RFID chip is unique and can not be replicated

Inventory Reader A compact and light weight hand held device

Comfortable to use

High storage capacity

Multi functional (such as shelving,

sorting, searching, weeding and

reading)

Enhanced security

Future of RFID Medical

Drug Counterfeiting Tracking & Tracing

Medical “Passports”

Foster Care System

Food Chain Precautions

Shopping

Cashier-less check out and payment

Household Technology

Smart keys

Intelligent washing machines

Monitoring refrigerators

Intelligent ovens/microwaves

Conclusion

RFID is a Supporting Technology not a Competing technology………..

Slowly becoming an industry standard Speeds up the supply chain process Easier to manage inventory Continually evolving

It is easy to envision that, the RFID tags contents will increase in power, prices are expected to decline and tag will dramatically improve its efficiency, security and accuracy.

THANK YOU