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SOLAR TRAIN
By: Dilip KumarPrince KumarRohit RanjanShankar Sahu
Introduction
Fossil fuel has limited availability and that lead to shortage
and hike in fuel price
There is a need for reduction in carbon emission
Public transport must be more eco friendly .
Solar plane on roof of train will provide much of the required
power
Power generation in India
Coal 59%
Hydro 17%
Natural gas 9%
Nuclear energy 2%
Oil 1%
Renewable energy 12%
Indian electricity market outlook
coal
base
d pla
nt
gas
base
d pla
nt
hydr
o pla
ntwind
nucle
ar
small
hyd
ro p
lant
Solar
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
Capital cost in million US$
Capital cost in million US$
Why Solar Powered Train ?
It’s cleaner and more environment friendly .
In fact, zero emission.
It can lead to considerable reduction in green house gas
emission for each KWh of energy produce by traditional;
plant a reduction of 750 gm CO2.
It will cheaper because no expensive overhead wiring
system.
How It Works
Block Diagram
Component List
Solar Panel
Battery
Motor
Chassis
Wheel
Railway Track
Electronics Circuit
Sensor
Solar Array
Collect the energy from the sun
and converts it into usable
electrical energy.
The power produced by the solar
array varies depending on the
weather, the sun's position in the
sky, and the solar array itself.
Solar Cell
It converts solar energy to electrical energy.
Photons in sunlight provide the energy that moves electrons from one
layer of a semi-conducting metallic wafer to another.
The movement of the electrons creates a current.
The most common solar cells function by the photovoltaic effect.
Photo- means light and -voltaic means electrical current or electricity.
Design Overview
Solar panel rating-
Solar panel efficency = 15%
Solar panel power = 150W per meter squire .
Solar panel seize 12×8 inch
out put voltage of solar panel = 12V
Design Overview
Chassis ratings-
Aluminium Chassis with impact protection.
Size of chassis = 10×5”
Thickness = 1 mm
Weight = 250 gm
Design Overview
Lithium-Ion battery –
Voltage = 12v.
Capacity = 1.2 Ah
Dc motor ratings
Input = 12V DC
Speed = 200 rpm each
Working
The basic principle of solar train is to use energy that is stored
in a battery during and after charging it from a solar panel
during sunlight.
Photovoltaic effect convert solar energy into electrical energy.
The charged batteries are used to drive the motor which serves
here as an engine and moves the train in forward direction.
Working
The anti collision device is a self acting microprocessor based
data communication device.
When installed on locomotive along with a auto breaking unit
(ABU), it prevent high speed collision.
The ACD is used both radiofrequency. The train is
automatically brought to halt if the track ahead is not clear.
Project Model
Analysis
Power requirement for a non-ac coach for auxiliary purpose= 4.5
kw
Power available in one solar panel = 150 watt/ square meter
Length of Indian railway coach = 21.3 meter
Width of Indian railway coach = 3.05 meter
Maximum power that can be produced per coach by solar panel=
10kw
Cost of one panel = 15000₹
Advantage
Solar energy is renewable and freely available. Unlimited life of
Solar Modules, fast response and high reliability.
Fuel source for Solar Panel is direct and endless so no external
fuels required.
Inherently short circuit protected and safe under any load
condition.
Minimum Maintenance.
Less noise as there are less moving parts.
Advantage
No AC to DC conversion losses as DC is produced directly.
No transmission losses as installed in the vicinity of the load.
Suitable for remote, isolated and hilly places.
Solar energy does not cause pollution
It provides zero% carbon emission.
It is estimated that the world’s oil reserves will last for 30 to 40
years. On the other hand, solar energy is infinite (forever).
Disadvantage
Initial cost is high
It has no self-storage capacity.
Climatic condition, location, latitude, longitude, altitude, tilt
angle, ageing, dent, bird dropping, etc. affect the output.
To install solar panel large area is required.
Solar collectors, panels and cells are relatively expensive to
manufacture although prices are falling rapidly.
Conclusion
The vehicle use solar energy as source of power to drive the motor, and
the motor power is transmitted to the wheels and the vehicle to move.
Use of ACD enhance the modern advanced traffic safety.
The solar trains are used at very low scale, at present.
Though they have been around for about few years only, the
technology is still in the developmental stages.
So here is the conclusion that the challenge lies in making it a viable
means of transport.