Non Destructive Testing Equipments For Railway Bridges

Non - Destructive Testing Equipments For Railway BridgesPresented by-Neha Singh1212200073CE- 73CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOWINDUSTRIAL TRAINING PRESENTATION @ RDSO

Industrial Training Presentation RDSO

TheResearch Design and Standards Organization(RDSO) is anISO 9001research and developmentorganization under theMinistry of RailwaysofIndia, which functions as a technical adviser and consultant to theRailway Board, the Zonal Railways, the Railway Production Units,RITESandIRCON Internationalin respect of design and standardization of railway equipment and problems related to railway construction, operation and maintenance.

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

INTRODUCTION TO THE TOPIC

For inspecting the defects on surface.Wide group of analysis techniques used in science &industry.Saves both the time &money.Use of this N.D.T in specialist high risk areas such as nuclear & sea shore structures , gas & oil pipelines.To understand Strength Assessment Of Concrete By using Non Destructive Test (NDT)

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

What is Non Destructive Testing?Non Destructive testing are non invasive techniques to determine the integrity of a material, component or structure or quantitative measure some characteristic of an object

Non-destructive testing(NDT) is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component or system without causing damage

These methods are aimed at estimation ofstrength andotherproperties; monitoring and assessingcorrosion; measuring crack size and cover; assessing grout quality; detecting defects and identifying relatively more weak areas in concrete structures.

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

PurposeEstimating the in-situ compressive strength

Estimating the uniformity and homogeneity

Estimating the quality in relation to standard requirement

Identifying areas of lower integrity in comparison to other parts

Detection of presence of cracks, voids and other imperfections

Monitoring changes in the structure of the concrete identification of reinforcement profile and measurement of cover, bar diameter, etc.

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

NDT FOR STRENGTH ASSESMENT OF CONCRETE

REBOUND HAMMER

PRINCIPLE - It is based on the principle that the rebound of elastic mass depends on the hardness of the concrete surface against which the mass strikes.CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Meter

PRINCIPLE - It is based on the principle that the velocity of an ultrasonic pulse through any material depends upon the density, modules of elasticity and Poissons ratio. Comparatively higher velocity is obtained when concrete quality is good in terms of density, uniformity, homogeneity,

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

Windsor Probe

PRINCIPLE- The principle of Windsor probe is like that of rebound hammer .The penetration of the probe reflects the precise compressive strength in area of concern. There is a graph provided between the penetration length and the compressive strength by which compressive strength can be known.

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

Core Cutter Machine

PRINCIPLE- A core is usually cut by means of rotary cutting tool with diamond bit . Water supply is also very necessary to lubricate the cutter. The core which is extracted from existing structure is used for various testing's like compressive strength, crack depth, water absorption etc.It is used for estimation of physical characteristics of masonry / concrete by extracting core samples from the structure. The maximum depth of the core which can be cut is 430 mm. The diameter of cutters are 52mm and 78mm.

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

Permeability Tester

PRINCIPLE- Permeability tests measure the ease with which liquids, ions and gases can penetrate into the concrete. In situ tests are available for assessing the ease with which water, gas and deleterious matter such as chloride ions can penetrate into the concrete

Main UsesUsed to locate cracks, porosity, and other defects that break the surface of a material and have enough volume to trap and hold the penetrate material. Liquid penetrate testing is used to inspect large areas very efficiently and will work on most nonporous materials.

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

Video Borescope

PRINCIPLE- Its simple principle is to illuminate the test specimen with light examine the specimen with the eye and magnifying the defects which can not be detected by the unaided eyeThis instrument is used to monitor the internal condition of the concrete structure.

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

NDT FOR CORROSION ASSESSMENT

Corrosion Analyzer

PRINCIPLE- Corrosion analyzer is based on electro chemical process to detect corrosion in the reinforcement bar of the structure. The instrument measures the potential and the electrical resistance between the reinforcement and the surface to evaluate the corrosion activity CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

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CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOWHalf-cell potential (mV) relative to copper-copper sulphate electrode % chance of corrosion activity< -200 mVInitial Phase There is a greater than 90% probability that corrosion activity not taking place-200mV to 350mVTransient Phase corrosion activity uncertain

Resistivity Meter

PRINCIPLE- It is based on the principle that the corrosion of steel in concrete is an electro-chemical process, which generates a flow of current and can dissolve metals. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOWThe lower the electrical resistance, the more readily the corrosion current flows through the concrete and the greater is the probability of corrosionThis instrument is used to measure the electrical resistance of concrete cover for corrosion status of reinforced bars. Lower the electrical resistance, the more is the probability of corrosion of metal.

NDT FOR DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL Profometer

PRINCIPLE : The principle is based upon the measurement of change of an electromagnetic field caused by steel embedded in the concrete.

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOWIt is used to measure the concrete cover and bar diameter in existing RCC structures. The equipment is useful for investigating the structures where drawings are not available .the equipment consist of data logger , diameter probe and calibration blocks. The equipment has sufficient memory store the scanned data. The meter needle is zeroed and the probe moved over the concrete surface and rotated to obtain a maximum reading and this position correspond to the location of reinforcement bar. It is used for (a) measuring concrete cover (b) detecting reinforcing bar (c) determine bar size and direction .

NDT FOR LOCATING CRACK AND ITS GROWTH It is a portable type of instrument which detects the width of the crack on the surface of structure. Used extensively to record the extent of crack widths on existing piers and abutments which are distressed.This is the pocket size equipment used crack width measurement of concrete member, masonry and other type of structures.Depth of crack can be measured either by Pulse Velocity Technique (ASTM C-597) OR by taking cores from concrete. Crack Detection Microscopes

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

Eddy Current Meter

Eddy current metre to predominantly used in detecting the cracks in the metal structures. availability of cracks disrupt the flow of eddy current. Availability of cracks disrupt the flow of eddy current this disruption is measured to know the Flaws/Cracks/Voids etc. Eddy current meter can be used in the field for detection of Flaws/Cracks/Voids in the metal structures i.e. Steel girder bridges, FOB's etc. in the field.

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOWPRINCIPLE- It is based on the principle of electromagnetism and particularly on inductive properties of alternating current

Infrared Thermal Imager

PRINCIPLE : It is based on the principle that the materials with subsurface anomalies, such as voids caused by corrosion of reinforcing steel in a material, affect heat flow through that material. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

ACOUSTIC EMISSION TECHNIQUENondestructive Testing During Manufacturing Processes:

Material processing Phase transformation in metals and alloys (martensitic transformation) Detection of defects such as pores, quenching cracks, inclusions, etc. Fabrication Deforming processes; rolling, forging, extruding Welding and brazing; detects detection (inclusions, cracks, lack of penetration) TIG, MIG, spot, electron beam, etc. Weld monitoring for process control

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOW

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT SRMCEM , LUCKNOWThank you