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HOW TO MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT?
(TIP : 16)
Prepared By
:-
AMARDEEP GOHEL
DIVYESH BHARKHADA
SANGEETA SANGHANI
FIELD OF BUILDING
Mainly two type of building.
1) Engineering Building:- “The building was
built according to structural design and
architectural feature to protect building
against earthquake.”
2) Non-Engineering Building:- “The building
was built as non-structural design and
architectural feature is known as non-
engineering building.”
TYPE OF BUILDING ACC. TO MATERIAL
Timber building
Stone building
RCC building
Steel building
Composite building
STONE MASONRY
It is the art of building the structures in the
stones. In some parts of the country building
stones are abundantly available in nature.
Those stones when cut and dressed to the
proper shapes, provide an economical
material for the construction of various
structure.
USE OF STONE MASONARY
Building foundation, Dams
Building wall, piers, columns, lintel
Light house
Domes, Arches
Floors, Paving works
Railway Ballast
TYPE OF STONE MASONRY Stone
masonry
Rubble Masonry
Coursed R M
Un-Coursed R M
Random R M
Dry R M
Ashlar Masonry
A Fine
A Rough
A Chamfered
A Facing
PERFORMANCE OF STONE MASONRY AGAINST
EARTHQUAKE
Bulging Effect :- During
earthquake the poor
interlocking, uneven load
distribution due to uneven
size of the stone masonry
will create a bulging effect
on the stone masonry.
The
REBUILT
After bulging of stone
structure rebuilt will
necessary.
For rebuilt we can
provide connecting
stone per 1m of height.
Grouting may prepare
for fill the voids and
making well joint.
1m
REBUILT
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY
The stone is easily available in nature in
huge amount.
The stone is very strong in compression.
In a past time almost masonry work prepared
in stone masonry.
The width of stone wall is larger then other.
So that in a past time stone masonry is used
rather then brick masonry.
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY
But the stone masonry is poor parfomane in
earthquake due to uneven shape, improper
size of stone.
So that the wall joint is not well prepared and
the stone masonry most chances to fail in
earthquake.
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY
Such stone masonry structure was failed in
killary earthquake (1993) of magnitude 6.2
Over a 8,000 people died
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY
The main patterns of earthquake damage
include in KILLARI earthquake:
A) bulging/separation of walls in the
horizontal direction into two distinct wythes
(Figure a),
B) separation of walls at corners and T-
junctions,
(c) separation of poorly constructed roof from
walls, and eventual collapse of roof,
(d) disintegration of walls and eventual
collapse of the whole dwelling.
HISTORY OF STONE MASONARY
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE FEATURES
Low strength stone masonry buildings are
weak against earthquakes, and should be
avoided in high seismic zones.
The Indian Standard IS:13828-1993 states
that inclusion of special earthquake-resistant
design and construction features may raise
the earthquake resistance of these buildings
and reduce the loss of life.
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE FEATURES
However, in spite of the seismic features
these buildings may not become totally free
from heavy damage and even collapse in
case of a major earthquake.
Those feature include. . .
MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
A) Ensure proper wall construction:-
The wall thickness should not exceed
450mm,
Round stone boulders should not be used in
the construction! Instead, the stones should
be shaped using chisels and hammers.
Use of mud mortar should be avoided in
higher seismic zones. Instead, cement-sand
mortar should be 1:6 (or richer) and lime-
sand mortar 1:3 (or richer) should be used.
MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
B) Ensure proper bond in masonry courses:-
The masonry walls should be built in
construction lifts not exceeding 600mm.
Through-stones (each extending over full
thickness of wall) or a pair of overlapping
bond-stones (each extending over at least
¾ths thickness of wall) must be used at
every 600mm along the height and at a
maximum spacing of 1.2m along the length
MAKE STONE MASONRY BUILDINGS
EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT
C) Provide horizontal reinforcing elements:-
The stone masonry dwellings must have
horizontal bands.
These bands can be constructed out of wood
or reinforced concrete, and chosen based on
economy.
It is important to provide at least one band
(either lintel band or roof band) in stone
masonry construction
Specially thanks to
Pro. Mazar Dhankot
Pro. Dipesh Rathod
THANK TO ALL OF YOU
Specially thanks to
Pro. Mazar Dhankot
Pro. Dipesh Rathod
THANK TO ALL OF YOU
