Upload
kiran-kumar-k-m
View
175
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Types of Capacitors
Types of Capacitors A capacitor (formerly known as a condenser, and prior to that known as a permittor) is a
passive two-terminal electrical component that stores electric energy in an electric field. The forms, styles, and materials of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors (called "plates") separated by an insulating layer (called the dielectric). Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices.
Classifications of capacitors Non polarized capacitors
Polarized capacitors
Ceramic capacitor
Film capacitors
Super capacitors
Electrolytic capacitors
Kondensatoren-Kap-Versus-Spg-English (1).svg
Obsolete capacitors
Lyden jar silver mica capacitors Vacuum capacitor with uranium glass encapsulation
Ceramic capacitors Ceramic capacitor is a fixed value capacitor in which ceramic
material acts as the dielectric. It is constructed of two or more alternating layers of ceramic and a metal layer acting as the electrodes.
Types of ceramic Capacitors
Class 1
Class 2
Ceramic capcitor types
Ceramic disc capacitor Multilayer ceramic chip capacitor (MLCC)
High voltage ceramic power capacitor
Electrolytic capacitors Electrolytic capacitors have a metallic anode covered with an oxidized
layer used as dielectric. The second electrode is a non-solid (wet) or solid electrolyte. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized.Categorized into three types
Aluminium electrolytic capacitors
Tantalum electrolytic capacitors
Niobium electrolytic capacitors
Electrolytic capacitor types
Axial, radial (single ended) and V-chip styles Snap-in style Tantalum electrolytic chip capacitors
Supercapacitors Supercapacitors (SC), comprise a family of electrochemical capacitors. Super
capacitor, sometimes called ultra capacitor is a generic term for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC), pseudo capacitors and hybrid capacitors
Double-layer capacitance – Storage is achieved by separation of charge in a Helmholtz double layer at the interface between the surface of a conductor and an electrolytic solution. The distance of separation of charge in a double-layer is on the order of a fewAngstroms (0.3–0.8 nm). This storage is electrostatic in origin
Pseudocapacitance – Storage is achieved by redox reactions, electrosorbtion or intercalation on the surface of the electrode or by specifically adsorpted ions that results in a reversible faradaic charge-transfer. The pseudocapacitance is faradaic in origin
Supercapacitors Supercapacitors are divided into three families, based on the design of the
electrodes:
Double-layer capacitors – with carbon electrodes or derivatives with much higher static double-layer capacitance than the faradaic pseudocapacitance
Pseudocapacitors – with electrodes out of metal oxides or conducting polymers with a high amount of faradaic pseudocapacitance
Hybrid capacitors – capacitors with special and asymmetric electrodes that exhibit both significant double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance, such as lithium-ion capacitors
Super capacitors types
Double-layer capacitor Radial (single ended) style of lithium ion capacitors
Cylindrical Supercapacitors
Variable capacitors Variable capacitors may have their capacitance
changed by mechanical motion. Generally two versions of variable capacitors has to be to distinguished
Tuning capacitor – variable capacitor for intentionally and repeatedly tuning an oscillator circuit in a radio or another tuned circuit
Trimmer capacitor – small variable capacitor usually for one-time oscillator circuit internal adjustment
Variable capacitors types
Air gap tuning capacitor Vacuum tuning capacitor Trimmer capacitor
Polymer capacitors A polymer capacitor, or more accurate a polymer electrolytic capacitor is an
electrolytic capacitor (e-cap) with a solid electrolyte of a conductive polymer. There are three different types:
Polymer tantalum electrolytic capacitor (Polymer Ta-e-cap) Polymer aluminum electrolytic capacitor (Polymer Al-e-cap) Hybrid polymer capacitor (Hybrid polymer Al-e-cap)
Types of polymer capacitors
OS-CON capacitors Rectangular SMD chips Cylindrical style SMD
Power Film capacitors Film power capacitors mostly use polypropylene film as the
dielectric. Other types include metallized paper capacitors (MP capacitors) and mixed dielectric film capacitors with polypropylene dielectrics. . MP capacitors serve for cost applications and as field-free carrier electrodes (soggy foil capacitors) for high AC or high current pulse loads
Film power capacitor types
cylindrical metal can Rectangular power capacitor storage power film capacitor banks
Film capacitors Film capacitors or plastic film capacitors are non-polarized capacitors
with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric. The dielectric films are drawn to a thin layer, provided with metallic electrodes and wound into a cylindrical winding. The electrodes of film capacitors may be metallized aluminum or zinc, applied on one or both sides of the plastic film, resulting in metallized film capacitors or a separate metallic foil overlying the film, called film/foil capacitors.
Film capacitors types
Radial style (single ended) SMD style Heavy-duty snubber capacitor
typical applications of film capacitors for use in electronic equipment
Applications