Presentation on

Tyres Used in Agricultural Implements and

Difference between Radial and Bias TyresSubmitted to: Dr. A.K. Verma Submitted By: Amit Namdeo

INTRODUCTION In our modern world there are two types of

tyres: solid and pneumatic:

Solid tyres were the original type of tyre used. As the name suggests they are made up of some type of solid material that is wrapped around the wheel. There are many different types of solid tyres, which will be explained later.

Pneumatic tyres have air pressure inside the tyre. The pneumatic tyre must be fitted to the outside of the wheel and inflated with air pressure. There are three types of pneumatic tyres: bias ply, bias belted and radial ply.

COMPONENTS

Bias Bias tire (or cross ply) construction utilizes

body ply cords that extend diagonally from bead to bead, usually at angles in the range of 30 to 40 degrees, with successive plies laid at opposing angles forming a crisscross pattern to which the tread is applied.

Belted bias A belted bias tire starts with two or more

bias-plies to which stabilizer belts are bonded directly beneath the tread. This construction provides smoother ride that is similar to the bias tire, while lessening rolling resistance because the belts increase tread stiffness.

Radial Radial tire construction utilizes body ply cords

extending from the beads and across the tread so that the cords are laid at approximately right angles to the centerline of the tread, and parallel to each other, as well as stabilizer belts directly beneath the tread. The belts may be cord or steel.

Solid Many tires used in industrial and commercial

applications are non-pneumatic, and are manufactured from solid rubber and plastic compounds via molding operations. 

Solid tires include those used for lawn mowers, skateboards, golf carts, scooters, and many types of light industrial vehicles, carts, and trailers.

Semi-pneumatic Semi-pneumatic tires have a hollow centre, but

they are not pressurized. They are light-weight, low-cost, puncture proof, and provide cushioning. 

These tires often come as a complete assembly with the wheel and even integral ball bearings.

They are used on lawn mowers, wheelchairs, and wheelbarrows.

They can also be rugged, typically used in industrial applications, and are designed to not pull off their rim under use.

Tyres Used in Agricultural Implements

Most modern farm tractors, self-propelled machines, and implements are equipped with rubber tyres. When the rubber tyres used on farm machines, such as combines, sprayers, trailers, planters and other trailing implements, rubber tyres reduced power requirements, decrease fuel consumption, permit higher speeds and reduce vibration, noise and dust. There are many types and sizes available for specific purposes and machines.

Tractor Drive Tyres

Implement Non Traction Tyres

Implements Traction Tyres

Tractor Small Tyres

Tractor Front Tyres

Difference between Radial and Bias TyresRadial Tire Construction A radial tire is constructed with rubber coated, reinforced polyester/steel cable belts that are assembled parallel and run from side to side (bead to bead) at an angle of 90 degrees to the circumferential centerline of the tire. This build makes the tire more flexible and reduces rolling resistance. As a result, the tire is better able to dissipate heat accumulation; this factor increases the longevity of the tire (when compared to an equivalent bias size).

Components of Radial Tyres• Tread – Provides primarily traction and wear and

protects the carcass underneath.• Belt package – Multiple, low angle, steel cord

layers provide strength to the tyre, stabilize the tread and prevent penetrations into carcass.

• Sidewall – Provides protection for the ply and withstands flexing and weathering.

• Ply – The radial (90º) ply transmits all load, braking and steering forces between the wheel and the road and withstands the burst loads of the tyre under operating pressure.

• Inner liner – A layer of rubber in tubeless tyres specially compounded to prevent loss of air.

• Bead bundle – The steel bead bundle properly seats and seals the tyre on the rim and maintains it in position.

• Apex – Rubber filler in the bead and lower sidewall area to provide progressive transition from the stiff bead area into the flexible sidewall.

• Chafer – A layer of hard rubber that resists erosion of the bead zone by the rim flange.

Radial Tyre Bias Tyre

The Benefits to a Radial design:

1) Softer, smoother, quieter ride

2) Improved fuel economy

3) Flat, wider footprint for better tire wear

4) Runs cooler than a bias ply, minimizing risk of a

blowout on the highway

5) Longer tire life

6) Better tracking – Improved sway control

Bias Tire Construction Bias tires are constructed through a very

different manufacturing technique than radial tires.

Bias tire manufacturing is an older

technology/manufacturing process that offers high load capacities at reduced costs, but sacrifices longevity and uniformity in “roundness” due to the nature of the construction.

The type of rubber used in the compounding process also differs between the bias and radial tires (as a general statement – synthetic rubber is the primary compound for radials – natural rubber for bias).

Synthetic rubber is primarily manufactured from crude oil byproducts, whereas natural rubber is produced primarily from latex harvested from paraffin rubber trees.

 

Radial versus Bias Performance

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