WAFOMO and ENBULEsFacilities for Improved Local SustainabilityJeremy Gibberd

Structure

• Sustainability and development

• African development lags

• Built environment capability for

sustainability: BEST

• Achieving rapid improvement in built

environment sustainability capability

• The concept of ENBULEs and

WAFOMOs

Mora et al 2013

The year of climate departure for world cities

World’s slum population expected

to be 889 million by 2020.

HABITAT)

Global Urban Observatory, UNHABITAT 2005

African development lagsSub-Saharan

Africa

Asia / Latin America /

developed countries

Living on less than $1.25 a day in 1990

Living on less than $1.25 a day in 2010

56%

48%

56%

30 -15%

Asia

Primary school completion (2010) 60% 90% Latin America

Ratio of employment to working age (2010) 50 - 63% 70% Asia

Access to internet (2010) 10 per 100 50 per 100

Latin America,

Asia

CO2 emissions between 1990 and 2010 Doubled Dropped Developed

countries

World Bank 2014, United Nations 2014

What is sustainability?

• the achievement of above 0.8 on the Human

Development Index (HDI)

and

• the achievement of an Ecological Footprint (EF) below

1.8 global hectares per person

World Wild Life Fund, 2006

Development of the SBAT

WWF 2006

Minimum criteria for sustainability

Built environment sustainability

capability

• Human Development Capability (HDC): Is a measure of the extent to which the built environment is configured for and includes the characteristics required to support the achievement of Human Development targets

• Ecological Footprint Capability (EFC): Is a measure of the extent to which the built environment is configured for and includes the characteristics required to support the achievement of Ecological Footprint targets.

• Built Environment Sustainability Capability (BESC): (EFC + HDC) / 2

Built Environment Sustainability

Capability measurement

Ecological

• Shelter

• Mobility

• Goods

• Services

• Waste

• Biocapacity

Human Development

• Health

• Knowledge

• Employment

Built Environment Sustainability Capability

Measurement: Elements of the BEST tool

Assessment criteria

‘Existing’ performance

‘Proposed’ performance

Options evaluation

Congruence and resilience

‘Existing’ and ‘Proposed’

sustainability performance and

difference

Applying the Built Environment Sustainability Tool to an informal settlement

West Atteridgeville, Pretoria

HDI-EF Definition of Sustainability

1. Sustainability in human populations has

been defined as the achievement of

above 0.8 on the Human Development

Index (HDI) and the achievement of an

Ecological Footprint (EF) below 1.8

global hectares per person.Applying the

HDI-EF Definition of Sustainability to the

Built Environment

HDI-EF Definition of Sustainability

1. Sustainability in human populations has

been defined as the achievement of

above 0.8 on the Human Development

Index (HDI) and the achievement of an

Ecological Footprint (EF) below 1.8

global hectares per person.Applying the

HDI-EF Definition of Sustainability to the

Built Environment

Existing settlement: HDI capability 1.10

EF capability 1.16

• Built

environment

has

very low

capability for

sustainability

Conventional sustainability

solutions

Climate Solutions 2: Low Carbon Reindustrialisation , Climate Risk 2009

Interventions to support increased

capability for sustainability

• Solar water heaters

• Building envelope upgrades

• Energy Business Learning (ENBULE)

Facility

• Water Food Mobility (WAFOMO) Facility

Solar water heaters

Capability improvement 0.16

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00Shelter

Mobility

Food

Goods

Services

Waste

Biocapacity

Health

Knowledge

Employment

Existing

Proposed

Building envelope upgrades

Capability improvement 0.26

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00Shelter

Mobility

Food

Goods

Services

Waste

Biocapacity

Health

Knowledge

Employment

Existing

Proposed

WAFOMO: Water, Food and

Mobility

• Community gardens / allotments

• Local fresh produce market

• Non-motorised transport

Built environment capability to support EF

targets:

• Locally available affordable low EF food

• Locally available affordable mobility

Built environment capability to support HD

targets:

• Locally available affordable healthy food

• Locally available affordable mobility

http://www.thestar.com.my/Lifestyle/Features/2014/07/07/D

R-Congos-tshukudu-the-allpurpose-transport-scooter/

http://susannemeyerfitzsimmons.com/local-food-relationships/

http://themicrofarm.com

Water Food Mobility Facility

Capability improvement 1.00

ENBULE: Energy, Business and

Learning

• Business and learning centre

• Renewable energy

• Access to ICT

Built environment capability to support EF

targets:

• Low EF energy

• Access to ICT (avoid req for travel)

Built environment capability to support HD

targets:

• Access to ongoing learning

• Access to self employment support

Energy Business Learning Facility

Capability improvement 1.12

ENBULE + WAFOMO

Capability improvement 3.11

Conclusions

• Current conventional sustainability solutions may not be most efficient and effective ways at rapidly improving capability for sustainability of an informal settlement

• The ENBULE and WAFOMO concepts offer potential to make substantial improvements in local sustainability capability in a highly effective and efficient way and may be a ‘ short cut’ to enabling rapid improvements and addressing ‘sustainable development lags’ within informal settlements.

• Solar water heaters

• Building envelope

upgrades

• WAFOMO

• ENBULE

• WAFOMO + ENBULE

combined

Further information:

www.sustainablebuiltenvironments.com