WATER LEVEL

INDICATOR

HITEC UNIVERSITY TAXILA CANTT

GROUP MEMBERS: Izhar-Us-Slam (15-EE-172) Muhammad Nouman(15-EE-178) Bilal Waris (15-EE-180)

INTRODUCTION:A water level indicator is used to show the level of water in an overhead tank, this keep the user inform about the water level at all the time and avoid the situation of water running out from tank when it is full up of water.Indicator circuit has an alarm feature also. It not only indicate amount of water present in tank at different level but also give an alarm when the tank is full of water.

COMPONENTS: Following are the required components that we used for making water level indicator;• 3 Resistors(330 Ohm).• Light Emitting Diodes(LED’S).• 3 Transistors(BC547).• Buzzer(3-12 volt).•Vero Board.• Battery(9 Volt)• Connecting Wires.

RESISTORS: Resistors are the electrical components that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide specific voltage for an electrical device such as Transistor.

LIGHT EMITTING DIODE(LED):• An LED is an electronic device that emits light when an electric current is passed through it. Early LED’S can produce only red light but modern LED’S can produce several different light colours such as blue, green, yellow and red. But recent advance in LED’S technology have made it possible for LED’S to produce white light as well.•LED’S were introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962 by “Nick Holonyak”. An LED is a two lead semiconductor light source and it is a P-N junction diode.•LED’S are commonly used indicator light in electronic devices.

HOW DOES An LED WORK:

how does an led work.wmv

TRANSISTORS:• A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of a solid piece of a semiconductor material, with at least three terminals to connect to an external circuit .A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor’s terminal changes the current through another pair of terminals .

BUZZER:The buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device. The first electric buzzer was invented by “Joseph Henry” in 1831 and early they were used in door bells. Now a days they are also used in electric alarm circuit and some electronic devices like washing machines.

VERO BOARD:Vero board is a type of board used to make electronic circuit. It was developed in early 1960’s by “ Terry Fitzpatrick”.

CONNECTING WIRES:

BATTERY:•It is a collection of one or more electrochemical cells in which stored chemical energy is converted into electrical energy.•Each cell consist of two half cell connected in series through an electrolytic solution.•One half cell consist of ANODE through which positive ion migrate from electrolyte and the other consist of CATHODE through which negative ions drift.

BASIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

WORKING:The operation and working of this project is very and can be understood easily. In our project “Water Level Indicator” there are three main condition:•There is no water or less water available in the bowl.•There some water available in the bowl. Intermediate level•When the bowl gets full and the water is about to overflow.•After establishing the required connection on Vero Board as shown in the circuit diagram. We place the other ends of three wires which are connected to the base of the three transistors in the bowl at three different level of height.•Suppose wire1 is at lower height , wire2 at a medium height and wire3 at a height from which water is supposed to overflow.

CONDITION 1: • Initially when the bowl is empty there is no conducting path between any of the three indicating probes and the common probe (which is connected to 9V+ battery supply) so the transistor base emitter region will not have sufficient biasing voltage hence it remain in cut off region and the output across its collector will be approximately 9v and thus indicates the tank is empty.•As we start pouring water into the bowl, the water level touches the wire1(which is at lower level) and the circuit gets completed and the current starts flowing and the first LED(D1) glows.

CONDITION 2:Gradually, as the level of water level goes on increasing and the water reaches to its intermediate level in the bowl. The water touches wire2 and the circuit get completed and the current starts flowing and second LED(D2) glows.CONDITION 3: When water level reaches it maximum height in the bowl and is about to over flow it touches wire3 and again the circuit gets completed and the third LED(D3) glows but this time the buzzer also start beeping and thus sends an alarm that the bowl get full of water so that we can stop pouring water in the bowl.

APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES:•The applications and advantages of Water Level Indicator are as follow;• Can be used to measure underground storage of water.•No need to go on to roof to check the water level.•Water level indicator works to maintain a constant water level.•Alarm starts ringing as soon as tank becomes full by warning the person that tank gets full and water is about to flow.•It prevent wastage of water.•As a fuel level indicator in vehicles.•As a liquid level indicator in the huge containers in the companies.•Fully automatic and saves man power.

•Easy to install and consume very little energy.•Avoid seepage of roofs and walls due to overflowing tanks.•It used to predict the arrival of floods.CONSLUSION: Thus it is concluded that Water Level Indicator help us in preventing the flow of water and further help in reducing the wastage and power so, it turns out to be very useful which can be used