Soran University

Faculty of Engineering

Department of Chemical Engineering

Name: Abdulsamad Alhamawande

Rezhin M.Karem

Payam Abdulrazaq

Supervised by: M.Muslim

Date: 2015/05/06

Title: Water Treatment

Water Purification: 1. Withdrawing the water from river to the main water channel by using special machines

also a network barrier has been put in water entrance way to the channel to prevent

..etcentering stuffs into the channel such as stones ,wood parts ,fishes ……

2. After water transferred to inside the uncovered channel for conditioning the water

odors under the natural air of nature, adding chlorine for killing microorganisms.

special 3. Water was transferred to the pool for separating sand from water by using

sweeper inside the pool.

4. Water was transferred to the flash mixture pool in which chlorine and aluminum sulfate

were added, chlorine for killing microorganisms, aluminum sulfate for sedimentation of

mud and sand.

four pools for further cleansing and separating sand from 5. Water was transferred to the

water.

6. The Water filtered by sand filter for removing the lifted sand from water it considered

.as a last step of water treatment

the lab for chemical 7. Water stored in large tanks then a sample of water is taken to

analysis of water for example if the chlorine amount is not within normal range the team

work will add chlorine or decrease concentration of chlorine within the tank water.

8. . The chlorine level should be at least 0.5 mg/L. This residual, consisting of

hypochlorous acid and/or chloramines, must kill microorganisms already present in the

water and must also kill any pathogens which may enter the distribution system through

connections or leakage. In order to ensure that the water is free of microorganisms -rossc

when it reaches the customer, the chlorine residual should be about 0.2 mg/L at the

ill also extreme ends of the distribution system. This residual in the distribution system w

act to control microorganisms in the distribution system which produces slimes, tastes, or

odors.

:Water polluting diseases

are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that most commonly are transmitted in

contaminated fresh water. Infection commonly results during bathing, washing, drinking,

in the preparation of food, or the consumption of food thus infected.Protozoal infections

Disease and Sources of Agent in Water Microbial Agent General Symptoms

Transmission Supply ProtozoanAmoebiasis Abdominal discomfort, fatigue, (Entamoeba

-water, flies in water supply(hand -treated drinking weight histolytica) (Cyst-Sewage, non

-s,diarrhea, bloating, fever like appearance) Collects on water filters and Flumouth) los-to

like symptoms, watery ProtozoanCryptosporidios membranes that cannot diarrhea, loss

of appetite, (Cryptosporidiumis(oral) be disinfected, animal manure, substantial loss of

ht, bloating, parvum) seasonalrunoff of water. increased gas, nausea Protozoan weig

treated drinking cramps, nausea, vomiting, muscleCyclosporiasis -parasite Sewage, non

(Cyclospora water aches, fever, and fatigue cayetanensis) Untreated water, poor

, pipe breaks,Giardiasis Protozoan (Giardia leaks, groundwater contaminati disinfection

oral) common -lamblia) Most on, campgroundswhere humans Diarrhea, abdominal(fecal

-to-intestinal and wildlife use same source of discomfort, bloating, andflatulence(hand

te water. Beavers and muskrats cr eate ponds that act as reservoirs for mouth) parasi

Giardia. Protozoan phylum Encephalitozoon DiarrheaMicrosporidiosi Microsporidia), but

intestinalis has been detected and wasting in immunocompromiss closely related in

origin of edindividuals.. to fungi drinking water. groundwater, the

Parasitic infections (Kingdom Animalia) Sources of Agent in Disease and Transmission

Microbial Agent General Symptoms Water Supply Fresh water Blood in urine (depending

the type of infection), rash on contaminated with Members of the

orSchistosomiasis(immersion) certain types of snails genusSchistosoma itchy skin.

Fever, chills, cough that and muscle aches carry schistosomes Stagnant water Allergic

s containing larvae, nausea, reaction, urticaria rash,Dracunculiasis (Guinea Dracunculu

vomiting, diarrhea,Worm Disease) medinensis generally in asthmatic attack. parasitised

Copepoda Drinking water Intestinal disturbances, Tapeworms of theTaeniasis

gs of weight, contaminated with neurologic manifestations, loss genus Taenia eg

cysticercosis GIT disturbance, diarrhea, liver Drinking water enlargement,

cholangitis,Fasciolopsiasis Fasciolopsis buski contaminated with cholecystitis,

obstructive encysted metacercaria jaundice. Drinking water Abdominal pain, severe

tHymenolepiasis (Dwarf Hymenolepis nana contaminated with loss, itching around weigh

the anus,Tapeworm Infection) eggs nervous manifestation Drinking water Liver

enlargement, hydatid cystsEchinococcosis(Hydatid Echinococcus contaminated with

nd blooddisease) granulosus feces (usually canid) vessels; if cysts press on bile duct a

rupture they containing eggs can causeanaphylactic shock

multiceps contaminated drinkingcoenurosis increases intacranial tension multiceps water

r accompanied Drinking water by with eggs Mostly, disease is asymptomatic o

inflammation, fever, and Ascaris contaminated with diarrhea. Severe casesAscariasis

lumbricoides feces (usually canid) involve Löfflers syndrome in containing eggs lungs,

anal itch, -Drinking water Peri nausea, vomiting, malnutrition, and underdevelopment.

nervous EnterobiusEnterobiasis contaminated with irritability, hyperactivity vermicularis

eggs and insomniaBacterial infections Disease and Sources of Agent in Water Microbial

uth, blurred and/or double Agent General SymptomsTransmission Supply Dry mo

Bacteria can enter an open vision, difficulty swallowing, wound from contaminated water

muscle weakness, difficulty sources. Can enter theBotulism Clostridium botulinum

g and consuming breathing, slurred gastrointestinal tract by speech, vomitin

contaminateddrinking sometimes diarrhea. Death is water or (more commonly) food

usually caused by respiratory failure. Produces dysentery likeCampylobacteri Most

commonly caused Drinking water contaminated symptoms along with a highosis

10 days.–ampylobacter jejuni with feces fever. Usually lasts 2byC

In severe forms it is known to be one of the most rapidly fatal illnesses known. Symptoms

include very watery Spread by the Drinking water contaminatedCholera diarrhea,

rium Vibrio cholerae with the bacterium sebleed, rapid pulse, nausea, cramps, no bacte

vomiting, and hypovolemic shock (in severe cases), at which point death can occur in

18 hours. Mostly diarrhea. Can cause death Certain strains in immunocompromised –12

with the of Escherichia viduals, the very young, andcoli indiE. Water contaminated

Infection bacteria coli(commonly E. coli) the elderly due to dehydration from prolonged

illness. Naturally occurs in water, most Symptoms cases from exposure include lesions

ools or more located on the elbows, knees,marinuminfecti typicallyM. in swimming p

Mycobacterium marinum frequentlyaquariums; rare and feet (fromswimmingon infection

since it mostly pools) or lesions on the infectsimmunocompromised in hands

nless or painful. Caused by a number of (aquariums). Lesions dividuals may be pai

Frequent passage species in the Water contaminated with the of feces with blood and/or

muDysentery genera Shigella andSalmon bacterium cus and in some cases ella with the

dysenteriaeLegionellosis ( Pontiac fever most common vomiting of blood. being Shigella

produces Caused by bacteriatwo distinct milder symptoms resembling belonging to

Contaminated water: theforms: acute influenza withoutpneu genus Legionella (90% of

naires’ disease cases caused by organism thrives in warmLegionnaires’ monia. Legion

Legionella aquatic environments.disease and has severe symptoms such

)pneumophila)Pontiac fever) as fever, chills, pneumonia (with cough that sometimes

ly diarrhea produces sputum, ataxia, an orexia, muscle aches, malaise and occasional

like symptoms then resolves. The Water contaminated by -and vomiting Begins with flu

the Caused by bacterium of second phase then occursLeptospirosis animal urine

carrying the genusLeptospira involvingmeningitis, liver da bacteria mage (causes

aundice), and renal failureOtitis Caused by a number Swimming in water Ear canal j

swells causing painExterna(swim of bacterialand fungal speci contaminated by the and

tenderness to the touchmer’s ear) es. responsible pathogens Drinking water

mptoms Caused by many bacteria of with the bacteria. More include contaminated Sy

diarrhea, fever,Salmonellosis genus Salmonella common as a food borne vomiting, and

abdominal illness. cramps Characterized by sustained fever up to 40°C (104°F), profuse

less commonly a rash may Ingestion of water occur. Symptoms sweating, diarrhea,

progressTyphoid fever Salmonella typhi contaminated with feces of an to delirium and

infected person the spleen and liverenlarge if untreated. In this case it can last up to four

death. Can enter wounds from Symptoms include explosive, Vibrio weeks and cause

vulnificus, Vibrio contaminated water. Also got watery diarrhea, nausea,Vibrio Illness

alginolyticus, and Vibrio by drinking contaminated water vomiting, abdominal cramps,

eating undercooked oysters. and occasionally fever.parahaemolyticus or

Viral infectionsDisease and Sources of MicrobialTransmissio Agent in Water General

Symptoms Agent n SupplySARS (Sever Manifests itself Symptomse Acute Coronavirus

hargy, gastrointestinal symptoms, coRespiratory in improperly include fever, myalgia, let

treated water ugh, and sore throatSyndrome) Can manifest Symptoms are only acute (no

chronic stage to the virus) and Hepatitis AHepatitis A itself in water include Fatigue,

rhea, virus (HAV) (and food) weight loss, itching, fever, abdominal pain, nausea, diar

8% -95% of patients show no symptoms, 4-jaundice and depression. Enters water 90

have minorPoliomyelitis through symptoms (comparatively) with delirium, headache,

al seizures, and spastic paralysis, 1% have fever, and Poliovirus the feces of occasion

paralytic aseptic meningitis. The rest have serious -symptoms(Polio) infected of non

individuals symptoms resulting in paralysis or death Two of Very Polyomavirs

fection and can infect : can manifest widespread, BK virus produces a mild respiratory in

the kidneys of immunosuppressed transplant patients. JC virusPolyomaviru itself in

water, infects the respiratory system, kidneys or cans infection JC ~80% of the cause

us and population thebrain (which is progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in vir

fatal). hasantibodies t BK virus o Polyomavirus

:Health and safety

of work setting : Health and safety hazards presented in the physicalenvironment

Unstable chlorine room temperature. Risk for gas Inhalation and Fire. Uncovered pools

increase the incidence of living pathogens in the poolsHealth services provided for

2. Lack of health center workers 1. Lack of health assurance for team workers in institute.

. 3. Lack of first aid trainings for workers .Preventive measures in institute : Automatic

chlorine gas leakage detective system prevent incidence of occurring gas inhalation in

preventing gas freezing.Negative chlorine room. Using heaters inside chlorine room for

points of institute Not using to much preventable measurements such as gown ,gloves

,gas masks…et Lack of health assurance and health centers. Uncovered pools increase

points of institute Clean the incidence of becoming contaminated again .Positive

environment Using filter back wash system Automatic chlorine gas leakage detective

system prevent incidence of occurring gas inhalation in chlorine room. Sending a sample

g chlorine gas and aluminum of water to the lab before distributing to the homes. Usin

sulfate for water treatment.My Suggestions Covering the pools with fine networks. Using

a canister type with a full face piece and a self contained breathing –gas masks

wash stations Putting health -apparatus. Protective clothing. Emergency showers and eye

assurance for workers & building health center nearby the plant . Educating the team workers about first aids such as in case of :chlorine gas Inhalation 1.

riate Remove the injured party to an uncontaminated outdoor area. Use approp

do not become another victim. 2. Check for —respiratory equipment during rescue

breathing and pulse. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult,

erform CPR. have trained personnel administer oxygen as soon as possible. If no pulse, p

3. Call for medical assistance as soon as possible. 4. Check for other injuries. 5. Keep

the injured party warm and at rest.