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Wireless & Energy Harvesting = Energy Efficient Buildings
Eugene YouEnOcean
Dan WrightLeviton
Role of Building Automation
Energy Harvesting + Wireless
Technology Overview
Benefits for building owners
Demonstrations
Agenda
Energy Inefficient Buildings 67 billion sq. ft. of commercial floorspace in America1 Majority without Lighting & HVAC controls Commercial buildings consume 35% of US total electricity1
Building Lighting : 35% of building’s energy use2
Energy Conservation 20-28% energy saving in lighting alone1
Payback 1-5 years
1. [DOE] US Department of Energy. 2005. Advance Sensors and Controls for Building Applications: Market Assessment and Potential R&D Pathways.
2. 2005 Buildings Energy Data Book
Colossal Opportunity for Building Automation
The Role of Sensors
Building Automation Requires
Motion
Photo
Temperature
Humidity
CO / CO2 / Gas
Door / Window
Manual Controls (ON, OFF, Dim, etc.)
Wired Controls
Retrofit Expensive
Invasive
New Building Inflexible
Consumes Resources (Copper, aluminum, etc.)
Wireless: Cost-effective & Flexible
Convential Wireless: Batteries or Wires
Battery Burdens Where are they?
What‘s their condition?
Keep inventory on-hand?
Who has access to space?
Who pays for replacement?
Approved disposal?
The Bigger the Project, the Bigger the Burden.
Harvesting Free Energy
SolarMechanical Thermal
Energy Harvesting Sensor Building Blocks
Conversion& Storage
Management
StoreThreshold
Sleep
Temperature Motion Posit ion …
Micro-controller
Sensors
Transceiver
HarvesterTasks:• Short Term --- Balance Power• Long Term --- Balance energy
Representative Power/Energy RequirementsP
ower
req
uire
men
t
Application
Tem
p.
Sen
sor
Ma
gn
et
Co
nta
ct
Occ
up
ancy
S
enso
r Act
uat
ors
Periodic
Continuous
Burst
Event
EnOcean Energy pulse powered PTM240C
Energy pulse requirement
Low energy design of EH powered occ sensor
ControllerSensor
Improvement--- add no-response window
ControllerSensor
More improvement--- Better energy management
Energy Management
Turn off power to PIR detection circuit once a motion is detected
Energy Harvesting Technologies
Wireless Remote Switch Transmits wireless packet when pressed/released
Product Description:
Enables the implementation of wireless remote controls without batteries. Power is provided by a built-in electro-dynamic power generator.
Operates at 315MHz or 868MHz
Range: 100ft indoors
Energy Harvesting Technologies
Solar Occupancy Sensor Transmit on motion >= 1 minute rate
Product Description:
Uses Passive Infrared Technology (PerkinElmer LHi944 Pyroelectric detector).
Solar Cell: 7.6uA @ 40LUX, 41.8uA @ 200 LUX
One example can operate down to 5uA or 40 LUX
Charges super cap to allow for overnight operation
PIR detection to 1500 square feet (22ft radius)
Operates at 315MHz or 868MHz
No batteries required in adequate light environment
Energy Harvesting Technologies
Solar Photocell Transmits >= 100s
Product Description:
For day lighting applications
Uses Solar Cells to read light level
A/D converted data transmitted to receiver
Measures light levels from 0-510 LUX
Operates at both 315MHz and 868MHz
Can operate ~24hours once fully charged
No batteries required
Energy Harvesting Technologies
Wireless Receiver, No Neutral Wall Switch Receives wireless packets Harvest A/C when in ON state
Product Description:
Works without Neutral: OFF State: Leaks current to load (25W minimum).
ON State: Harvest some voltage for short duration to provide power to TCM220C
Power consumption (OFF): 1/3W @ 120V, 3/4W @ 277V.
Works from 120V-277V for commercial lighting
Energy Harvesting Technologies
Switch
LoadLine
120-277Vac
Hot (Black)
Neutral (White)
V2
V3V1
No Neutral Switch: Figure 1 Energy Harvest (6-7V) during AC Cycle
No Neutral Switch: Figure 2 Close up: CH1=V2, CH2=V1
Figure 1 – ON State Figure 2 – ON State
Energy Harvesting Technologies
Switch
LoadLine
120-277Vac
Hot (Black)
Neutral (White)
V2
V3V1
No Neutral Switch: Figure 1 Figure 1: CH1=V2, CH2=V1 Figure 2: Comparison
Figure 1 – V1 and V2 Figure 2 – V1, V2 and V3
Harvester
Benefits for Building Owners
Building Improvements and Benefits Can improve indoor environmental quality (IEQ) Control of areas: Lighting/HVAC Can reduce building maintenance and operations expense Tax breaks/incentives (Local/Fed) Lower energy costs: Lights on only when people present Flexible
Retro-fitting a Typical Office Four Wires: HOT, LOAD 1, LOAD 2, GROUND
Two Ballast with three 32W (T8) bulbs
Retrofit: Example Office Install
Retrofit: Poor Build Out Configuration Area 1 and 2 are on same circuit, one switch controls both.
Options: Remote switch for Area 2. Occupancy sensor for Area 1 and/or Area 2 to turn off lights when not used.
Area 1
Area 2
Demonstrations: How it Works Wall switch receiver functions like a standard switch (w or w/o Neutral) Occupancy Sensor sends signals to receiver switch Remote Switch is mechanically self powered
WirelessSwitch
Line120-277Vac
Hot (Black)
Neutral (White)
Questions
Thanks for Attending!
