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Statistics
Population: World – 2.52 billion
U.S. – 152 million
Financial:
U.S. National Debt - $257,357,352,351.04
Average U.S. Annual Salary - $2,992
Price of a loaf of bread - $0.14
Minimum Wage - $1.00 (as of 1955)
Life Expectancy
Male – 65.6 years
Female – 71.1 years
Divorces – 385,144
Food
1950:
Jell-O Instant Pudding
Dunkin’ Donuts
1952:
Pez
Sugar Frosted Flakes
KFC
1953:
Frozen T.V. Dinners
Food, Con’t.
1954: Trix Burger King McDonalds
1957: Sweet’N Low
1958: Jif Peanut Butter Pizza Hut
Party Snack: Chex Mix
Fashion – Male
Hair Ducktail Cut (Duck Butt, D.A.)
Grease!
Crewcut and Flat-Top
Hats were Essential
Clothing Business – dark brown, charcoal, or black suits
Casual – conservative, “preppy”
Cardigan Sweaters
Pink Clothing (Fad)
Cowboy Look
Fashion – Female
Hair Short, Soft, Curly
Used Curlers, Rollers, Pins, etc.
No Blow Dryers!
“Poodle Cut” was a favorite
Clothing Dressed “smartly” – well groomed and
tailored looks were prized
Jeans (then, called “dungarees”) were
only worn in very casual circumstances
Sailor look was popular in teens
Gloves were part of all proper attire
Fashion – Shoes
Men Wore saddle and regular dress shoes
Women Stiletto heels to be fashionable
Flats for school and daily wear
Makeup
“Peaches and cream” complexion
Foundation applied as liquid or as pressed powder
Eyebrows Usually narrowed
Minimal blush and eye shadow, creating natural look
Dramatic look was OK, especially in evenings
Lipstick Pastels were favored colors, especially in younger women
Music
Notable artists of the time:
Elvis Presley
Bill Haley
“Shake, Rattle, and Roll”
“Rock Around the Clock”
Jerry Lee Lewis
“Great Balls of Fire”
Buddy Holly
“Peggy Sue”
Frank Sinatra
“Love and Marriage”
“I’ve Got the World On a String”
The Rise of Rock and Roll
1950 - - 1952 - - 1954 - - 1956 - - 1958 - - 1960|
________________
1951: 1st rock and roll record released – Ike Turner’s Rocket 88.
1953: Elvis Presley makes first private recordings.
___
1954: Bill Haley’s “Rock Around the Clock” is first rock song used in movie soundtrack.
|_____ ______________
1956: “Heartbreak Hotel” by Elvis; Love Me Tender – his 1st film – is released.
|
1959: Market share of Rock and Roll increases to 42.7% - up from 14.7% In 1955.
Elvis Presley
Born: January 8, 1935Died: August 16, 1977Career took off in 1956 with the release of “Heartbreak Hotel”In the Army from 1958-1960Greatest Hits:
“Heartbreak Hotel” “Love Me Tender” “Hound Dog” “All Shook Up” “Don’t Be Cruel” “Jailhouse Rock”
“The Day the Music Died”
February 3, 1959 23 year-old Buddy Holly, 17 year-old Ritchie Valens, and
28 year-old J.P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson die in plane crash near Clear Lake, Iowa
Referenced to in Don McLean’s 1971 song, “American Pie.”
Fads
3-D Movies
Chlorophyll Believed it eliminated bad smells
Telephone Booth “Cramming” Tried to fit as many people as possible in a telephone booth
25 people is record, set in South Africa
1950 : First Organ Transplant
1951 : Color TV Introduced
1952 : Car Seatbelts Introduced
1953 : DNA Discovered
1954 : Segregation Ruled Illegal in US
1955: McDonalds Corporation Founded
Timeline 1950-1955
Timeline 1956-1959
1956 : Velcro is Introduced
1957 : Dr. Seuss The Cat in the Hat
1958 : NASA founded
1959 : Fidel Castro becomes Prime Minister of Cuba
What Things Cost
Gasoline …..27 cents/gallon
Bread …………14 cents/loaf
Milk …………82 cents/gallon
Postage Stamp…..…3 cents
Mr. Potato Head
Silly Putty
The Hula Hoop
Play-Doh
Frisbee
Popular Toys
Popular Toys cont’d
Barbie Doll
Slinky
Television
8 million sets in households by 1950
Huge revenues:
Largely due to cigarette advertising and sponsorship
TV Shows
I Love Lucy (CBS – 1951)Lassie (CBS – 1954)Mickey Mouse Club (ABC – 1955)The Honeymooners (CBS – 1955)Leave It to Beaver (CBS – 1957)The Twilight Zone (CBS – 1959)
Satellites
Sputnik I– October 4, 1957 U.S.S.R.
First satellite ever
Unmanned
Followed by Sputnik 2 (November 3,
1957) and Sputnik 3 (May 15, 1958)
and later missions in the 1960s
Explorer I – 1958 United States
Designed by California
Institute of Technology
Advances in Medicine
Polio Vaccine – 1952 Jonas Salk
DNA Structure – 1953 Francis Crick and James Watson
Inventions
Xerox Copy Machine – 1950 Chester Carlton
Videotape – 1952 VERA (Vision Electronic Recording Apparatus)
Frisbee – 1957 Made successful by Wham-O
Pantyhose – 1959
Barbie Dolls – 1959 Named after Ruth Handler’s daughter, Barbara
Produced by Mattel
The Hydrogen Bomb
Test of First Hydrogen Bomb – 1956
Developed by Edward Teller
“Mike”; weighed 82 tons
Over 800 times the power of the
bomb that leveled Hiroshima
Leveled the island of Elugelab in the Eniwetok Atoll, Pacific Ocean, and blew 80 million tons of radioactive
waste into the sky
Politics
Presidents: Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)
Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945
Truman Doctrine
Fight against communism
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)
Ended Korean War
Civil rights
Politics Cont’d
McCarthyism Senator Joseph McCarthy accused the State Department
of having been infiltrated by communists
Blacklisted celebrities
Joseph Welch: “Have you no sense of decency?”
Died in 1957, age 48
StatesAlaska and Hawaii become 49th and 50th states in 1959
Korean War - Overview
On June 25, 1950, North Korea invaded United States occupied South Korea in hopes of thwarting America and democracy
President Truman sought to give help to South Korea through the United Nations
Victory by General Douglas MacArthur when he pushed the North Koreans back across the 38th parallel (dividing line between countries)
Ended in 1953
Korean War - Entry
President Truman was under pressure for being too “soft” on Communism
The Truman Doctrine Initiated to stop spread of communism; if President
Truman didn’t act against the communists in Korea, he
would be going back on his word and his beliefs
Korean War - Reaction
Known as “The Forgotten War” or “Unknown War” because it followed WWII and was before the Vietnam War
Changed America’s view of Third World countries Before: Criticized countries trying to help
After: Full support of trying to help those less fortunate
Helped the civil rights movement First time America had fought with an integrated army
Cold War
January 12, 1951 – Federal Civil Defense Administration is established Response to Soviet’s first atomic explosion and Korean War
At first, only had small budget and limited power
After 1958, spending was increased, and civil defense was
made a top priority
By October 25, 1962, there were over 112,000 fallout
shelters providing possible protection for over 60 million
U.S. citizens
Magazines
MAD Magazine (October-November 1952)
The National Enquirer is Reborn (1952)
Playboy Magazine (1953)
TV Guide (April 3, 1953)
Sports Illustrated (August 16, 1954)
Comics
DC Comics revives superheroes “Silver Age of Comic Books”
The Flash – 1956
Peanuts – Charles Schulz (1950)
Dennis the Menace – Hank Ketcham (1951)
The End