Say Whom?Say What?

Elements of the Short Story: Narration and POV

Group 2:Patricia PetersonEmily SmithJessica SteverTahlia Delgado

What is Narration?
Whom is the Blabbermouth?

A narrator is who tells the reader the story, which is just as important as the story itself and what happens throughout.Some narrators may be a character within a story whom tells us what they think, where others may just give the reader a more critical view of the characters in the story.

The elements that determine who is telling the story, whom it is about, and what information the reader has access to depend on the type of narration.

Types of Narration
Where is it Coming From?

First-Person: This is a singular narration, where the narrator will use I or We. The reader will only experience what the narrator does because he/she is a character within the story. This narration can sometimes be unreliable because a reader may judge what he/she may say due to the fact that readers do not hear what other characters think.

Second-Person: This narrator speaks to You, making the reader feel like they are a character within the story.

Third-Person: The narrator tells what happened and uses He, She, or They. The narrator is not a part of the story.

Third Person Narration

Omniscient: This narration knows EVERYTHING from charaters' thoughts, perceptions, and experiences.

Objective: This narration does not give charaters' thoughts, but may give clues through their words and how they act.

Subjective: This narration is told from a distinct POV, he/she knows all charaters' thoughts and experiences. This will usually be a single charater also known as the central consciousness.

The Cask of Amontillado

Narration of:
The Cask of Amontillado

This story is told in First Person Narration because it is told only from Montresor's side. There is no information given to have a great understanding of this story.

Montresor, the narrator is unreliable because he lies throughout the story to his servants, to Fortunato, about being a mason, and possibly even having the cask of wine.

He is also unreliable because the reader is not told why he hates Fortunato.

Fool's Garb
Is it Holloween There?

The story foreshadows darkness because Montresor claims he will get revenge from the beginning.

Montresor uses reverse psychology in order to fool Fortunato into continuing into the crypt by stating he can get Luchresi, a fellow connoisseur to critic the amontillado.

A Rose for Emily

Narration of:
A Rose for Emily

This story is told in First Person Narration because he/she uses We. The narrator is probably a townsman because he/she knows a lot about Emily, but the reader knows nothing about the narrator.

The reader does not get to know any characters.

The narrator is not close to Emily because there is little detail, only main points are given.

There is foreshadowing throughout this story by the smell of the house and the use of lime to rid it, Emily buys arsenic and it is purposly labled for rats, and Emily is in denial of the death of her father.

Arsenic from:
A Rose for Emily

What is Point of View?
What Were They Thinking?

The angle from which the characters and events are viewed. Verbal is known as voice, and visual is known as focus.

The style and tone of the narrator's voice can also give the character's or narrator's perspective.

When limited information is given, this creates the irony or excitement of the story.

We Can See and Feel the Darkness:
The Cask of Amontillado

It does keep the readers' attention because it creates irony when the reader wants to know what will happen in the crypt.

The story foreshadows darkness because Montresor claims he will get revenge from the beginning.

Fortunato does not know of Montresor's hatred of him. Is it the wine?

Fortunato wears a fool's garb while Montresor wears dark clothes.

Fortunato and Montresor

Limited POV:
A Rose for Emily

This point of view is limited because it is told from a distance, the reader is not given any details, so it relies on the setting and characterization.

The narrator does not know Emily or her family personally.

The his Historical context, prior to the Civil War, which influences Emily's character and her personality. she is know through her father and is to carry out the pride and nobility. She was a tradition, a product of her time.

No one in the town believed a Grierson would waste their precious time on someone beneath them like Homer Barron, a common laborer.

Who Knew?
A Rose for Emily

Plot
There is NO Putting it Down.

Questions a reader may have in order to know how the story is shaped through events. This is the sequence of events.What happened?

Why did this happen?

How are character's affected?

What will happen next?

How will it turn out?

Parts of Plot

Exposition or Introduction: This is where the characters and the setting are presented.

Rising Action: This is where events become complicated and opens conflict.

Climax or Turning Point: This is the highest point of interest, what keeps a reader interested and wanting more! This is also when the plot outcome and fate of characters are revealed.

Falling Action: This is a point of relief, getting the reader prepared for a resolution.

Resolution: Final conclusion of the story.

Conflict
What's all the Excitement About?

Struggle with a final resolution.External: The conflict is between the characters and an outside influence, which can be a person or something else.

Internal: The character struggles between two choices within himself. For example; your head and heart telling you different things.

The Cask of Amontillado

The Cask of Amontillado:
Plot and Conflict

Introduction: They meet and decide to test the Amontillado to make sure it is not sherry.

Montresor has already planned to trick Fortunato.

Rising Action: Montresor pretends he has concern for Fortunato's health, but really he is using reverse psychology. He gives Fortunato more wine.

Climax: Montresor begin burying Fortunato after seeing other skeletons.

Falling Action: Fortunato believes it is all a joke.

Resolution: Fortunato is left for 50 years.

A Rose for Emily

A Rose for Emily:
Plot and Conflict

Introduction: The reader learns of Emily's statues in the town and the importance of her father. She is relieved of her taxes owed because of him.

Rising Action: This begins with the death of her father and the smell around her house.

Climax: Emily meets Homer Barron and buys arsenic, but never tells the druggist what it is for.

Falling Action: Emily dies and everyone is curious to go in her house.

Resolution: Everyone went to her funeral. They opened the door to the room that had not been seen in 40 years, and Homer Barron's corpse was in the bed with a grey hair on the pillow next to him.

The Thing in the Forest

Narration of:
The Thing in the Forest

This Story is told in third person omniscient narrative because he/she uses They.

The narrator is not a part of the work, but knows EVERYTHING.

This is like a children's story or farie tale about two girls in a magical forest that see a big monster and are affected by it to go on and tell the tale.

POV of:
The Thing in the Forest

This story relies on perspective because each person that reads it will view it differently. For example: Some may believe the girls did see the Loathly Worm, while others might believe they made it up.

This story tells a scary tale about a monster, but it also reflects the reality of the affects from the war.

The Thing in the Forest:
Plot and Conflict

Introduction: The two girls meet as evacuees and became close friends out of fear of being alone.

Rising Action: They decide to go into the forest, but know they need to be careful and not go too far.

Climax: They could hear and smell, and then they finally saw the monster.

Falling Action: They run into eachother at the house that had been turned into a museum, both curious if what they had seen was real.

Resolution: They both wanted to go back to the magical forest, but did not go together. They both were a witness to eachother of the Loathly Worm.

Works Cited

Byatt, A.S. The Thing in the Forest. The Norton Introduction to Literature. NY: W.W. Norton, 2013. Print.

Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. The Norton Introduction to Literature. NY: W.W. Norton, 2013. Print.

Poe, Edgar Allan. The Cask of Amontillado. The Norton Introduction to Literature. NY: W.W. Norton, 2013. Print.