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PRE-MODERNISM: REALISM & THE PRE-RAPHAELITE BROTHERHOOD
19th century continued…
Ah, Romanticism…isn’t it romantic?
REALISM – no! get REAL!• Started in mid 1800s France• Influenced by Positivism, a philosophical model developed by Auguste Comte
• Knowledge must come from proven ideas based on science or scientific theory• Darwin! Karl Marx!
• Artists depicted scenes of everyday contemporary life, disproved of historical or fictional subjects, they weren’t REAL
• “[An artist must apply] his personal faculties to the ideas and events of the times in which he lives… Art in painting should consist only in the representation of things visible and tangible to the artist. Every age should be respected only by its own artists, that is to say, by the artists who have lived in it. I also maintain that painting is an essentially concrete art form and can consist only of the representation of both real and existing things.” – Courbet, 1861
Gustave Courbet
The Stone Breakers1849oil on canvas5 ft. 3 in. x 8 ft. 6 in.
“Show me an angel and I’ll paint one” – Courbet’s famous words sum up Realism
Gustave Courbet
Burial at Ornans1849oil on canvas10 ft. x 22 ft.
Jean-François Millet
The Gleaners1857oil on canvas2 ft. 9 in. x 3 ft. 8 in.
Honoré Daumier
Rue Transnonian
1834lithograph12 x 17 1/2 in.
Honoré Daumier
The Third-Class Carriage
ca. 1862oil on canvas2 ft. 1 3/4 in. x 2 ft. 11 1/2 in.
Rosa Bonheur
The Horse Fair
1853-1855oil on canvas8 ft. 1/4 in. x 16 ft. 7 1/2 in.
Édouard Manet
Le Déjuner sur l’Herbe
1863oil on canvas7 ft. x 8 ft. 10 in.
Édouard Manet
Olympia
1863oil on canvas4 ft. 3 in. x 6 ft. 3 in.
Titian
Venus of Urbino
1538oil on canvas4 ft. x 5 ft. 6 in.
Adolphe-William Bouguereau, Nymphs and Satyr, 1873, oil on canvas8 ft. 6 in. high
Wilhelm Leibl
Three Woman in a Village Church
1878-1881oil on canvasapproximately 2 ft. 5 in. x 1 ft. 1 in.
Winslow Homer
The Veteran in a New Field
1865oil on canvas2 ft. 1/8 in. x 3 ft. 2 1/8 in.
Thomas Eakins
The Gross Clinic
1875oil on canvas8 ft. x 6 ft. 6 in.
John Singer Sargent
The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit1882oil on canvas7 ft. 3 3/8 in. x 7 ft. 3 5/8 in.
Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Thankful Poor
1894oil on canvas
2 ft. 11 1/2 in. x 3 ft. 8 1/4 in.Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Banjo Lesson
Edmonia Lewis
Forever Free
1867marble3 ft. 5 1/4 in. x 11 in. x 7 in.
Pre-RaphaelitesFictional, historical and fanciful subjects with a convincing degree of illusion
Refused to be limited to contemporary scenes of the REALIST movement
John Everett Millais
Ophelia
1852oil on canvas2 ft. 6 in. x 3 ft. 8 in.
Her clothes spread wide,And mermaidlike awhile they bore her up-Which time she chanted snatches of old tunes,As one incapable of her own distress.
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
Beata Beatrix
ca. 1863oil on canvas2 ft. 10 in. x 2 ft. 2 in.