The Effect of Background Music to College Student’ Academic Performance

De La Salle University – ManillaAn Empirical Paper Presented to Faculty of the Economics Department School of Economics

In Partial Requirements of Econometrics 1 (ECONMET)

Submitted to: Dr. Cesar C. RufinoSubmitted by: Kimberlyn T. Tiu, September 6, 2013

Gulam: Executive Summary

• The study explained whether there is significant relationship between background music to academic performance of college students.

Chapter 1Background

• Everyone has music. It can be different from one person to another (Titon, 2009).

• It can increase productivity and minimize boredom (Paretti & Swenson, 1974).

Statement of The Research Problem

• The study attempts to identify whether the background music has an effect to the academic performance of the selected random college students.

• In the study, the dependent variable is academic performance of the students, while the independent variables are sex (gender), length of time studying per week, length of time listening music

Scope and Limitation

• Data set of obtained for study was taken from 35 random college students who were based in the Philippines.

• The Result of the study can’t be used to generalize however it is true for those who have taken the survey.

Chapter 2Review of Related Literature

• Music• Music is something that is produce by men

that can be form into a work of art or complement the activities (Titon, 2009).

• Music was defined as a form of entertainment that lessens boredom (Milliman, 1982).

Type of Music General

• Pop Music• Rock• Classical• R n B• Country• Jazz or Blues• Hip-hop• Modern Folk

• Electronic• Asian• Comedy• Caribbean and Latin

American

Luthfy: Chapter 3Operational Framework

• Variables Used In the StudyCumulative Grade Point Average (cGPA)Biological Gender (Sex)Music in a week (MWk)Studying in a week (SWk)Pop music Genre (Dgmpop)

Figure of Rational Framework

Variables

Independent Variables

• Sex• Listening to music per week• Studying per week• Pop Music Genre

They are the factors that can stand on its own.

Dependent Variables

• cGPA

Figure 3.2Model Specification & Hypothesis

Hypothesis• Null Hypothesis: There is no significant relationship between background

music and acemeic performance of college students.• Alternative Hypotesis: There is a significant relationship between background

music and acemeic performance of college students.

Chapter 4Methodology

• Flowchart

Method of Data Analysis

Bele: Chapter 5Data Collection Summary and Regression

Initial Ordinary Least Square Regression

Multicollinearity & Heteroscedasticity Testing

Linearity TestRamsey’s RESET Test

Normality Testing

Summary of The TestingMulticollinearity, Heteroscedasticity, Linearity, and

Normality

Vera: Chapter 6Conclusion

• In the result and discussion, two variables (listening to music per week and pop music genre) have shown to have significant effect on the student’s academic performance.

Recommendation

• The proponent suggested the study can be improve by add more variables since there can be factors that might be beneficiary which the proponent did not cover.

• Studies such as one music genre (Rock, Classical and more) to academic performance can be one example. The sampling can be focused in one educational institution.