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100 10 12 10 15

100 11 15

93 (NIID)

(100)

10 13 10 14

6

HIV

1

.....................................................................................................3

.....................................................................................................4

......................................................................................18

...................................................................................................19

2

92 (SARS)

(SARS) 93

(National

Institute of Infectious Disease,NIID)

NDM-1 O104

100

10 13 10 14

3

10/12

10/13

10/14

10/15

Dr. Atsuko HACHIYA

Antiviral drug resistance in HIV K70Q expands the multi-drug

resistance of Q151M complex Reverse Transcriptase by enhanced

discrimination against tenofovirHIV Q151M complex

FDA RT

TNV-DF Q151Mc

TNV-DF (phenotypic) TNV-DF

HIV

TNV-DF K70Q

K70Q TNV-DF

ddI 3TC K70Q Q151Mc

FDA RT (NRTIs)

TNV-DF (10 ) RT 70

(excision) RT NIID

3

4

HIV

Drug Resistance

Surveillance for HIV-1 in Taiwan HIV/AIDS

24 2010

2 2003-2005 IDU

HIV-1 CRF07_BC HIV/AIDS

1

7,000 35 FDA HIV

22 HIV-1 DR 2007

In-house 2007 FDA ViroSeq

HIV-1 Genotyping System1996-2004 HIV-1 DR 2.69

2004-2007 6.19

HIV-1 DR Rate 12.79 2008 2009 HIV-1

DR rate 4.5%2008-2010 HIV-1 DR rate 7.5%

HIV-1 DR rate

HIV-1 DR 90 2007

2008

HIV-1 DR

rate 2 HIV-1 DR rate

Dr. Masayuki SAIJO

Antiviral resistant herpesvirus infection Herpesvirus

20

5

hematopoietic

Herpesvirus Acyclovir

Ganciclovir

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome HSV-1

Herpesvirus HSV-1

HSV-1

HSV-1 - Herpesvirus

Dr. Satowa SUZUKI Japan

Nosocomial Surveillance System (JANIS), a national surveillance

system of antimicrobial resistance and nosocomial infections in

Japan 2,6-

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA

2010 (JANIS)

17,784 13,178 (89%) MRSA

5.0 cases/1000 admissions Vancomycin-resistant

enterococciVRE 5 10

Escherichia coli 2001

0.6% cefotaxime 2009

13% 2001 9% Fluoroquinolone

2009 30%Klebsiella pneumoniae

E. coli

Acinetobacter spp.

0.5%

HAIs and Antimicrobial Resistance

6

in Taiwan

2010 Taiwan Nosocomial Infection

SurveillanceTNIS 2003-2010

MRSA

ICU 2003 89.2% 2010 76.6%VRE 2003

2.9% 2010 20.2% carbapenemsimipenem

menorpenem ertapenemCR E. coli

20030.5%20102.2%carbapenems

K. pneumoniaeCRKP 2003 1.2% 2010

8.7% carbapenems EnterobacteriaceaeCRE 2003

1.42% 2010 5.0% imipenem menorpenem

A. baumanniiCRAB 2003 17.2% 2010 70.1%

The Carbapenam Resistant

Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli in Taiwan Carbapenem

ESBL

Carbapenem

Carbapenem

carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Carbapenem

cabapenemase

class A IMI-, SME-, GES-, KPC-,

class B IMP- VIM- class D

(OXA-) cabapenemase

cephalosporinase cephalosporinase

AmpC--lactamse(-lactam ) CTX-M

ESBL PBPs carbapenems

efflux pump -lactam pump out

cabapenemase Class A Klebsiella pneumoniae

7

carbapenemase(KPC) 1996

KPC

2009 NDM-1 class B carbapenemase

NDM-1

KPC NDM-1 KPC

NDM-1 ESBL plasmidic AmpC (plasmid)

Dr.Hidemasa

IZUMIYA Antimicrobial resistance in food borne pathogens

S. enterica

Typhimurium ampicillin,

chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline,

(core resistant pattern)DT104

quinolone S. enterica

Enteritidis quinolone

cephalosporin

PulseNet JapanPulseNet Japan :

E.coli, Shigella Salmonella (outbreak)

Dr. Kazuhiko KATAYAMA

Foodborne Diseases by Noro and Sapo virus

Norovirus Sapovirus

(Calicivividae)

1-5 NoV 125 SaV 1245

NIID capsid region 5(N/S region)

8

capsid

NoV SaV

/ NoV ORF1 ORF2

RNA

capsid

NoV SaPo

NoV SaV

Molecular epidemiological

study of Viral Foodborne Disease-Norovirus & Sapovirus in Taiwan

Noro/Rotavirus

/ Sapo/Adeno/Astrovirus

5 2008-2011

3-4 NoV

1-2 NoV Rotavirus

NoV

NoV GII2011 GII 2() GII 4(

) GI GI-6

SaV 2007 SaV GI-2

2011 SaV GI-2 1 (4 )

1 SaV GI-3 SaV

base-line NIID

SaV

Dr.Jun TERAJIMA

Presentation on PulseNet1996 O157

17,000 NIID PFGE

(diffused)

9

O157 NIID

(US CDC) PulseNet PFGE

PFGE

NIID US CDC MLVA O157

(PulseNet Japan) NIID

(Shigella)PulseNet Asia

Pacific PulseNet Vibrio cholerae V.

parahaemolyticus PFGE PulseNet Japan

diffused

3,000-4,000

O157O111O26

Haruo Watanabe

Epidemiology of

Salmonella from Human and PulseNet Taiwan

(PulseNet Taiwan)

30

2004-2009 14,975

Enteritidis 26.7%Typhimurium 21.9%

Choleraesuis

1997 2004 4.4% 5

2009 PFGE()

EnteritidisTyphimuriumStanley PFGE

MLVA (multilocus

10

variable number tandem repeat analysis)

MLVA TyphimuriumTyphi

Paratyphi ATyphimurium MLVA PFGE

ACSSuT 83% Choleraesuis

ciprofloxacin 2002

5,000

2005

Agona

PulseNet /

NIID

Watanabe Typhimurum MLVA

PulseNet Taiwan

Typhimurium

Parasitic foodborne diseases

PFBDs

PFBDs PFBDs

1.

2.3.4.

5.6. PFBDs 7.

PFBDs

11

(neurognathostomiasis)

Dr. Yuichiro YAHATA

Foodborne Disease by Kudoa septempunctata Kudoa

septempunctata 2003

2-20

Myxosporean species, K.

septempunctata K. septempunctata

Dr. Makoto Kuroda metagenomic DNA

sequencingreal-time PCR 2009 2010

24 1300

K. septempunctata

K. septempunctata

Dr. Yuichiro YAHATA

Epidemiological study on E. coli O111 incidence in Yuk-Hoe

4 O111

81 52 1-70 19

887929 36

HUS 4 98

OR50.3, 95CI6.7-378.1

12

3,000-4,000

Surveillance of Foodborne

Outbreaks in Taiwan 30

10

Dr. Yoshio TSUDA

Invasion ecology of mosquito-borne diseases

(

)()

Genetic relationship of

vector mosquitoes and the vector-borne pathogens between Taiwan and

Japan

1.-(Culex annulus

Theobald)

Culex vishnui Theobald

2. 1996 (Culex

pipiens form molestus )

3. Genotype I 2008

Genotype III

13

Dr. Koichi IMAOKA

Development of Diagnostic Method on Brucellosis

1999

1916 test and

slaughter TAT

MAT Dr. Imaoka PCR

Dr. Imaoka

Brucellosis in Taiwan

1963 1980

16 14

33

4

CDC

(post-exposure prophylaxis)

(post-exposure prophylaxis)

Dr. Kumiko TSUKUI Unique

genomic features of an avirulent Entamoeba histolytica strain found

in Japan

tRNA non-coding short tandem

repeats (STRs) STR loci

14

STRs (Ku27)

/ Ku27

6 STR loci 4 loci zymodeme II

Ku27 Ku27

locus open reading frames(ORF)

ORF AIG1 AIG1

AIG1

AIG1

Epidemiology and phylogenetic

analysis of Entamoeba histolytica in Taiwan

HIV/ MSM

HIV/ MSM

10%

2009

SSU rRNA Nested PCR

122 /HIV

tRNA linked short

tandem repeatSTRslociUPGMA

minimum spanning 46

genotype

genotype genotype HIV/ MSM

15

HIV/ MSM genotype

HIV/ MSM

genotype

Dr. Keigo SHIBAYAMA

Antibiotics resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis PZA

PZA (pro-drug)

pyrazinoic acid (POC)2011 Zhang Science

ribosomal protein S1 RpsA 3 PZA

pncA wild-type RpsA Dr.

Shibayama Rv1330c

PZA (Rv1330c)

pncA

Genetic analysis of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

MDR(XDR)

GenoType MTBDRplus

GenoType MTBDRsl

Rifampin , RIFIsoniazid , INH(EMB)

(FLQ)/(AG/CP)

rpoB, katG, inhA regulatory region, inhA, oxyR-ahpC, gyrA, rrs,

embB 242 234

RIFrpoB176INH oxyR-ahpC, mabA,

kasA, ndh, furAEMBemb A, embB, embC, embR

AG/CPeisGenoType MTBDRplus

16

RIF 95.5% 97.9%

INH 81.8% 93.4%MDR

GenoType MTBDRplus 78% 91.3%

RIFINHMDR 100%

GenoType MTBDRsl

(95.8-100%)FLQ 85.1%AG((KM)

(AM))CP((CAP))GenoType MTBDRsl

43.284.2 74.1%eisKM

70.3%EMBGenoType MTBDRsl

56.2 90.7%GenoType MTBDRslFLQCAP

AMFLQAMKMEMB

GenoType MTBDRslCAP

eis promoterembB

17

1984 WHOfoodborne

diseases

(WHO)

(FAO) 1980 5

500

ESBL

CTX-M typeESBL

(2-50%)

ESBL

WHO

101

Preparedness, surveillance and response to new emerging,

re-emerging infectious disease and infectious disease associated

with disaster

18

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NIID TCDC

Session1 Dr.MATANO Session2

Session3 DR. DR.OHNISHI Session4Dr. Dr.

Session5 Dr. Atsuko HACHIYA

19

Dr. Masayuki SAIJO Dr. Satowa SUZUKI

Dr. Hidemasa IZUMIYA Dr Kazuhiko KATAYAMA

Dr Jun TERAJIMA Dr. Makoto KURODA

20

Dr. Yuichiro YAHATA Dr. Yoshio TSUDA

Dr. Koichi IMAOKA Dr. Kumiko TSUKUI

21

NIID

22

Environment

C10003881 35549