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Clay Clay is the result of chemical reactions
with felspar of Igneous rock. The theoretical formula for clay is Al2O3
2SiO2 2H2O, an alumina-silicate, but none are that pure and uncontaminated.
Clay products are one of the most important classes of structural materials.
Clay ProductBrick Clay
Bricks
Tiles Earthen wares
China clay(kaolin)
StoneWaresPorcelainFaienc
eTerracota
Fire clay
Fire brick
Acidic
Basic
Neutral
Bentonite
Brick Clay
Brick
Clay is the most important raw material used for making bricks, Thus this type of clay is known as Brick clay.
One of the oldest building material brick continues to be a most popular and leading construction
material because of being cheap, durable and easy to handle and work with. Clay bricks are used for building-up exterior and interior walls, partitions, piers, footings and other load bearing structures.
Clay bricks are commonly used since these are economical and easily available. The length,
width and height of a brick are interrelated as below:
Length of brick = 2 × width of brick + thickness of mortar
Height of brick = width of brick standard brick:19 × 9 × 9 cm and 19 x 9 x 4 cm Clay bricks are commonly used since these are
economical and easily available.
Tiles
• Tiles are like bricks reduced thickness. They can be prepared from selected clay after molding and drying in kilns.
• These give a very pleasing appearance and good service properties. Roofing tiles, flooring tiles, wall tiles and partition tiles are some of the examples.
roofing tiles
Floor tiles
Earthen wares
• These are made by burning the ordinary clay at low temperature and cooling slowly.
• To check shrinkage, sand and crushed pottery are mixed with clay.
• This also increases the toughness, hardness and strength of the ware.
• Earthenware is used for manufacturing drain pipes and light weight partition walls.
• Earthenware is commonly used in the making of terra cotta pots, roofing tiles, and other low-fire ware.
China Clayclays are subdivided as residual and transported clays. Residual clays, known as Kaolin or China clay, are formed from the decay of underlying rocks and are used for making pottery.
Stone Wares
• A hard ceramic material resembling porcelain with a different colour, usually grey or brownish is made from refractory clay mixed with crushed pottery, stones and sand burned at high temperatures and cooled slowly.
• Uses :• Light sanitary wares, e.g. wash basins, water
closets, etc.• Flooring tiles and wall tiles in toilets and kitchens.
Porcelain
• White, thin and semi transparent earthenware prepared from pure plastic clay felspar and quartz is known as porcelain.
• A high grade ceramic ware having white color, zero water absorption and glazed surface
• which can be soft or hard.
Ming Dynasty porcelain vase dated to 1403–1424 20
Terra-cotta• It is an Italian word, Terra means clay and Cotta
means burnt. Terracotta is refractory clay product and is used in ornamental parts of buildings.
USES• Terra-cotta is used for decorative and ornamental
works.• Cornices and arches.• Being fire proof, terracotta is most suitable as
casing for steel columns and beams.• Porous terracotta is used for sound insulation.
Terracotta brick tiled floor
FaienceTerracotta is of two types, the
porous and the polished (Faience).
Fire Clay
• Fireclay is a type of clay that is able to withstand intense heat.
• It is suitable for making articles which will not melt, nor even perceptibly soften when exposed to a high temperature.
• It is used to make fire brick or refractory brick.
• Fireclay consists alumina and silica.
• A fire brick or refractory brick is a block of refractory ceramic material used in lining furnaces, kilns, fireboxes, and fireplaces.
• A refractory brick is built primarily to withstand high temperature, but will also usually have a low thermal conductivity for greater energy efficiency.
Bentonite
Uses as filler material for soap, rubber & leather
industries used with cement for grouting.
Thank You.
