Earth sciences field work along jointiapur tamabil-jaflong section; sylhet

Md Syadur Rahaman

EARTH SCIENCEs FIELD WORK ALONG JOINTIAPUR-TAMABIL-JAFLONG SECTION

SYLHET

REPORT SUBMITTED BY NAME MD SYADUR RAHAMAN

EXAM ROLL 314 Registration No 2012-912-210

SESSION 2012 ndash 2013

Report Submitted In partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement for the Syllabus of 1st Year BS

(Hons) in Department of Disaster Science and

Management

DEPT OF DISASTER SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT FACULTY OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

UNIVERSITY OF DHAKA

MAY 2014

2

3

ABSTRACT

The report may be considered as a complete sketch that is based on the field work carried out in Jaintiapuramp adjacent areas of Sylhet district that lies between 25˚04 N to 25˚11 latitude amp 92˚E to 92˚12 E longitude The area is characterized by an east-west trending faulted anticline a regional unconformity is marked by the laterite bed placed between Barail and surma group Another regional unconformity is observed between recent gravel deposit and Tertiary rock sequences There is a ideal place to Identifying geophysical and hydrological hazards

Monotonous successions of Tertiary sediments comprising mainly of sandstone siltstone shale and clay stone are exposed in different section of the investigated area By correlating the area is divided into nine lithostratigraphic units from bottom upwards Sylhet Limestone Kopili Shale Barail Group Surma Group Tipam Sandstone Girujan Clay and Dupi Tila Formation Dihing (Sonatila gravel bed) The age of this formation ranges from Eocene to Recent So this is the only area in Bangladesh where the whole tertiary sedimentary sequences (except Tura Formation) are well exposed The study of stratigraphic characteristics of this area is very important This area comprises the complete Tertiary succession of Bangladesh except Tura sandstone And the Recent Alluvium The deposition of the sediments involves shallow marine to continental environment with a fluctuating energy condition

This area lies under threat of Geological Hydrological and Meteorological hazards Itrsquos the lower land beside Shilong platu So every year it faces flash flood Here lies many fault zones so this region is Earthquake prone area Their soil is acidic So they canrsquot cultivate their land properly The place is having large amount of environmental degradation The land users are cut hill and forest that may a large negative impact on environment

4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Strong team effort is always required to perform a successful field work This report is an output of

combined effort of many people So it is my responsibility to thank all the related people

I canrsquot express my honour to our Chairman sir Professor Dr A S M Maksud Kamal for his valuable

time spend for arrangement this field work I express my thanks and deepest sense of gratitude to our

team leader Md Shakhawat Hossain and Dewan Mohammad Enamul Haque Both are Lecturer

Department of Disaster Science and Management University of Dhaka for Their spontaneous

arrangement and caring guidance They deserve our thanks for his valuable lectures good planning

for the trip and great affection His theoretical and Practical knowledge help me much to clarify my

concept and complete this report

I also express my thanks of our respected teachers Md Marufur Rahman and Tasnuva Tavassum

Lecturer Dept of Disaster Science and Management Department for their environmental and

Statistical suggestion and cordiality and his friendly attitude during field work

Special thanks to Jaintapur Upazilla Council for accommodation support and in other purposes I am

quite convinced with the committee of food transport and other first aid for their great and quick

voluntary service and all to my classmates and to my group leader for their sincere co-operation

My thanks also extend to the personnel of Department of Disaster Science and Management and

Dean Office Faculty of Earth and Environmental Science for the cooks and the laboratory and office

assistants I specially thanks to that they help us by arrangement and give financial help for our field

work

5

CONTENTS Page No

Abstract I

Acknowledgements II

Contents III

Chapter 1 Introduction 01

11 Location Extent and Access 02

12 Objective Purpose and Scope 03

13 Methodology 04

131 Field Investigation Method 04

132 Hazards Identification Method 05

14 Climate and Weather 07

15 Drainage and Water supply 08

16 Demography 11

17 Soil and Agricultural condition of the Study area 13

15

21 Tectonic Evolution of Bengal Basin 16

22 Tectonic Set up of Sylhet Trough and Surroundings 19

23 General Stratigraphy of Sylhet 20

24 Lithological Descriptions of Investigating Area 23

231 Sylhet Limestone 23

232 Kopili Shale 26

233 Barail Group 27

234 Surma Group 29

235 Tipam Sandstone 32

Chapter 2 Geology of Study area

6

236 Grujian Clay 35

237 DupiTila Formation 36

238 Dihing Formation 37

Chapter3 Hazard and Environmental Problems of Study area 39

31 Introduction 40

32 Hazards of Study area 42

33 Causes of Natural hazard and Environmental problem 47

Chapter 4 Conclusion 49

Chapter 5 References 52

Chapter 6 Appendix 54

7

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

8

11 LOCATION EXTENT AND ACCESS

The investigated area is located in the north-eastern part of Bangladesh This area lies on the southern foothills of Khassia-Jaintiapur Ranges of Meghalaya and is mapped between latitude 2500N and 2501230N and longitude 9200E and 9202730E and covers the survey of Bangladesh topography sheets 83c4 of scale 1 50000 (Map 11)

The studied area belonging to the Jaintiapur Thana in Sylhet district that about 45 km NNE direction of Sylhet towns and is also about 189 km NNE of Dhaka The investigated area comprises Afafifanagar tea state area Nayagang area JaintiapurndashTamabil road section Shari river section Dupigoan area Dauki river section and Sonatilachara The total studied area covers about 140 sq km with rough length of about 16 km in the NNW-SSE direction Our base camp was about 720m away from the Jaintiapur highway (Map 12)

The Sylhet town is well communicated from Dhaka by three ways- train bus and air Jaintiapur Thana is connected with the Sylhet town by the metalloid road The same road is followed for going to Jaflong Sripur and Sonatila area Nayagang section is well communicated very near from the base camp and easily accessible by footpath The Lalakhal Tea Estate is linked with Jaintiapur by non-metalled road It is also accessible by boat upstream along the river Shari locally known as lsquoSharirsquo from the Shari ghat This area is accessible throughout the year

Map 11 Location Map of Jaintiapur Sylhet

9

12 OBJECTIVE PURPOSE AND SCOPE

The study of Geology is very much dependent on field investigations because theoretical knowledge is not sufficient to fulfill its demand The field work performed in Jaintia and its adjoining areas is included to our study to enrich our practical knowledge Field work is an important way that gains practical knowledge about geology Knowing about geophysical hazard of a area field work is important one

The main purpose of the field work is gain knowledge about geological settings and identification of hazards of that area Also familiar with methods of geological mapping as well as systematic sampling covering aspect of geological hazard profiling and management of geological and hydrological disaster

The studied area includes Jaflong Sripur Jaintiapur and its adjoining area and also Shari River in Sylhet district This area is a paramount place for geological study because in Bangladesh it is the only place where the whole Tertiary sequences except Tura Formation are well exposed Itrsquos an ideal place that knowing about geophysical hazards

This report shows the preliminary information of that area It may be helpful in further investigation of the area in future

13 METHODOLOGY

Any work is done by some method In a field work there take several methods Here flow flowing two methods for investigation

10

131 Field investigation method

The investigation was carried out in the field by adopting very usual ldquotraverse methodrdquo that is walking on foot through road-cut and stream-cut sections Field investigation involves the following procedures

Taking location and bearing Structural investigation Lithologic changes and Stratigraphical investigation Collecting samples Construction of geologic maps Taking photographs

Taking Location and Bearing

Location of the suitable sections and different spot heights of the area were determined by help of the base map and our instant positions were plotted on the map by the clinometer and a remarkable point on the map Bearing of the sections were measured by the help of a clinometer

The Lithologic Investigation

Good exposures were studied for the lithological information of the rocks which were subdivided through observing different color composition and distinguishable contacts of different rock strata General grain size sorting and mineralogy of the rocks (those are determinable in the field) were determined approximately by the necked eyes or by the help of the hand lens Reactions with HCL ensure the presence of carbonate (CO32) in rock

Structural Investigation

11

Attitudes of the beds were measured by the clinometer and for the rough disturbed andvegetated beds hammer was used for breaking the rock and getting fresh bedding planes

Stratigraphical Investigation

The thickness of the exposed rock strata were measured by taking pacing and from the map The stratigraphic succession of the beds was made by observing their positions to apply the Low of Super Position and by the study of their lithology and thickness Unconformity was determined by observing the presence of erosional surface soil and distorted bed of lateritic conglomerates between two different rock units

Collecting Samples

Samples of different rock strata of different sections were taken in sample bags for further study

Tacking Photographs

The important photographs of physical features sedimentary structures important rock units and structural features (fault fold joint unconformity hazardous place etc) of the area were taken by the camera

Construction of Geological Map

The measured attitudes and lithology of different beds were plotted on the base map with proper reference points to prepare a geological map of the area

12

132 Hazard Identification Method

A Hazard Identification Study is the process of identifying hazards in order to plan for avoid or mitigate their impacts Hazard identification is an important step in risk assessment and risk management The tool can be used to determine the adverse health effects of exposure to a chemical stressor and to plan for building repair costs or retroffitingin areas prone to natural disaster

The methodology for each of the hazard identification techniques is briefly described preceded by which hazards are identified

We use two types of technics

1 Focus Group Discussion (FGD) 2 Attend a seminar

A focus group is a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions

opinions beliefs and attitudes towards a product service concept advertisement idea or packaging

Questions are asked in an interactive group setting where participants are free to talk with other group

members Focus group discussion is an important method of investigation a hazard Local people are a clear knowledge about hazards that occurs there We identifieng some hazards by FGD That we knoing about flood flash flood Slamping It was also help identifying the environmental problems We talked a local people (Fig 11) about hazards

13

Fig11 Discussion with local people knowing about Hazards

Seminar is an easy way to identifying hazards We attend a seminar to knowing about environmental degradation and hazards We attend a seminar on Citrus Research Center there talked about their environmental agricultural condition and there problems (Fig12)

Fig12 Seminar on Citrus Research Center

14

14 Climate and Weather

Bangladesh lies under the hot and humid Climatic condition Here have six seasons but we find mainly four seasonSylhet is situated northeastern part of Bangladesh Our study place is border of Bangladesh This area is mainly hilly region with some flat area Silongplatue stand north of our study area So this climate is control by this Platue

Because of geological location the investigated area generally falls under the tropical to subtropical climate But as the influence of the humid north-eastern monsoon wind over the general climate of the area is noticeable the overall climate of the area is termed as lsquoHumid Tropical to Subtropical Monsoonal climate However the area is very much susceptible to heavy monsoonal rainfall causing the periodic flood in the plains

So the climate of the area can be divided in to three distinct seasons in a year The summer starts from March and continues up to May having high temperature and moderate precipitation The monsoon begins in June and lasts till October and is characterized by gusty wind and occasionally Because of geographical location the investigated area generally falls under the tropical to subtropical climate But as the influence of the humid north-eastern monsoon wind over the general climate of the area is noticeable the overall climate of the area is termed as Humid Tropical to subtropical cyclonic storm The winter begins from November and exists up to February with a pleasant Calm cool and dry weather (Map 13)

The average range of annual temperature humidity and rainfall of the area ranges from 900f - 65f 36 - 99 and 300 cm - 380 cm respectively

15

Map 13 Climate map of Bangladesh

15 Drainage and water supply

In a broader sense the investigated area is lack of any remarkable stream of Bangladesh but the area is well drained by a network of locally important streams most of which are both structurally lithologically controlled and dendritic in pattern (Map 14) The relatively major streams are fewer in number and are of perennial type that is they flow even in the dry season but during rainy season they flow with their full strength and become able to carry large boulders to distant places whereas the minor streams are large in number and of intermitted type that is they are seasonal in their flow and water ceases to flow during the dry spell

16

Map 14 Drainage patern of Investigated area

However in particular the general water distribution of the area is maintained by the rivers namely the Dauki the Hari the Rangpani and the Nayagang

The river Shari (Fig 13) which acts as the main source of water distribution of the eastern portion of the area originates in khasiaJainta Hills near Jawi in India and maintaining more or less meandering course flows south westerly to some extent and then bends abruptly towards west and ultimately falls in the Surma River near Kalaruka

17

Fig 13 Sari River

Among the mentioned four rivers the Dauki(Fig 14) is the most prominent The Dauki which is a fault controlled river originated in the southern part of the Shillong plateau flows by the western side of the hillocks and enters into Bangladesh at the foot of the Indian Dauki Town in the N-S direction Inside Bangladesh it is replenished by a number of seasonal small streams which are locally termed as Chara Piyan is the main tributary of the river Dauki

Fig 14Dauki River

18

The two main tributaries of the Shari River namely the Nayagang(Fig 15) and Rangapani(Fig 16) are the other two important rivers of the investigated area which maintains the drainage system of the central portion of the area Among these two the Rangapani flows into Bangladesh near Sripur and flows southeast ward for some distances and turn towards southwest for flowing down to the marshes The Nayagang enters Bangladesh near Puranassampara flows southwest and finally meet the marshes It is to note that the Nayagang is a meandering river and the Rangapani is a braided river

A little or no rainfall in the dry season cause the lowering of water table and results the severe suffering of the local people from inadequate supply of drinking water But in the rainy season due to heavy rainfall the aquifer gets filled and water supply becomes well enough The deep tube wells and dug wells are the only source of drinking water

Besides these many low lying water bodies like swamps ponds marshes and bill are also there which dry up in the winter and water retain during the rainy seasons play an important role in the water distribution mainly in the plain land of the area such as Tamabil Burabil Bogabil etc

Fig 15 Rangapani River

19

Fig 16 Noyagoan River

16 Demography

JaintiapurUpazila (sylhet district) area 25869 sq km is bounded by Meghalaya (India) on the northKanaighat and Golabgonjupazilas on the south Kanaighatupazila on the east Gowainghat and SylhetSaderupazilas on the west The hill series of northeast are known as Jaflong Hills Main river is Sari Goyan Haors 2 (KentiHaor and BiraimaraHaor) Kakai Pitha Dhupani Palli and Sat beels are noted

Jaintiapur (Town) consists of one mouza It has an area of 227 sq km population 5769 male 5271 female 4729 density of population is 2541 per sq km Literacy rate among the town people is 476Jaintiapurthana now an upazila was established in 1903 The upazila consists of 3 union parishads 160 mouzas and 173 villages

Total population of Jaintiapurupazila is 98270 male 5102 female 4898 Muslim 8981 Hindu 959 Christian 017 and tribal 043 ethnic nationals 80 Khasi families living in Nizpat and Jaflong villages There are 227 Mosque 7 Temple 2 Church and 4 Tomb Average literacy of JaintiapurUpazila is 3545 male403 female 306 Educational institutions college 2 secondary school 4 junior high school 3 primary school (government) 41 primary school (private) 15 madrasa 16 Central JaintiaHigh School (1955) Haripur High School (1957) is important educational institutionsThetre are 17Rural club 3 playground

20

Jaintiapur is a turist spot most of themMegalith Monument remnants of Jaintiaswari Temple remnants of JaintiaRajbari Sarighat TempleOccupation of these peopleis Agriculture 3869 agricultural labourer 1777 wage labourer 1252 fishing 25 commerce 770 service 569 and others 1499 The crops are Paddy tea potato garlic cassia-leaf betel nut betel leaf And fruits are Jackfruit pineapple lemonCommunication system isnrsquot developedpucca 60 km mud road 362 km waterways play vital role in rainy season for connecting the low lying areasMineral resource of there is natural gas crude oilHats and bazars 7 mela 3 Jaintiapur Darbasu Haripur Chiknagul Shukrabari etc are notable hats and bazarsHealth facilities of there are Upazila health centre 1 family planning centre 5 and satellite clinic 2 [JayantaSingha Roy]

Culture of entire Sylhet is totally different from others parts of Bangladesh It is mainly focused on their language Their language is called by other people of Bangladesh asrdquo syloti Vasardquo Sylheti attachment to their regional identity also continues in the efforts of many Sylhetis to keep marital relationships within the same regional cultural social and religious background Sylheti people are considered as a distinct ethnic group in Bangladesh They are also generally more family oriented follow and support Sylheti community culture and are more conformist Muslims These tendencies have led to some rivalry between non-Sylhetis and Sylhetis due to differences of customs

Marriages are practiced in a traditional Muslim style with henna ritual (mehendi) and prayers Sylheti marriages often include contracts of marriage outlining both the rights and obligations of both partners Marriages in Sylhet often take place with partners in the United Kingdom and the US

Given its unique cultural and economic development and linguistic differences (Greater Sylhet region was a part of Assam and Surma Valley State for about 100 years during the British Raj in comparison to the rest of Bangladesh) and given that Sylhet has for much of its recent history been a region of a larger entity As so many Sylhetis are resident abroad Sylhet has a major flow of foreign currency from non-resident Bangladeshis

16 Soil and Agricultural Condition of the Study Area

Soil of this area is mainly sandySoils of the area are grey silty clay loams and clay loam on higher parts that dry out seasonally and grey clays in the wet basins The soils have a moderate content of organic matter and soil reaction is mainly acidic Fertility level is medium to high (SM ImamulHuq Jalal Uddin Md Shoaib The Soils of Bangladesh)The pH of the soil of Jaitiapur is low which means the soil is acidic It hinders the crop production The contents of nitrogen and boron are low Probably denitrification process leads to the loss of nitrogen in the basin soil

21

Thick vegetation characterizes this hilly area Different types of trees are found in the area Bamboos are very common The teak plantation is located near Shari River (Fig 17) Most of the hilly area is highly vegetated In some places the ground is covered by Nolkhagra grasses

Figure17 Vegetation near Shari River

Rice is the principal crop of the area The floodplain lands are used for cultivation of paddy The low lying areas are used for Boro cultivation Tea is also very important cash crop of the area and a series of tea gardens are situated in hillocks and valleys from Jaflong to Afifanagar Fruits such as pineapple water melons oranges banana papaw jackfruit etc and various types of seasonal vegetables are also cultivated Several fields near river bank are under water melon cultivation as observed during our investigation

Hilly region soil is acedic So there find acedic rich fruits such as citrus fruits A branch of BARI that name is Cytrus Research institute This research center received acidic soil This research center many types of citrus fruits such as Bari Kamala-1(Fig 18)

22

Fig 18 Citrus Recherche Center plant (BARI Kamala -1)

Fig 19 Rechercheacute Plant in Citrus Recherce Center

23

Chapter 2

Geology of Study Area

24

21 Tectonic Evolution of Bengal Basin

The Bengal basin lies on the eastern side of the Indian sub-continent and occupies most of Bangladesh and west Bengal of India as well as part of the Bay of Bengal (Alam 1989) The studied area is located in the northern part of the Surma Basin or Sylhet Trough which is a basinal depression in the Bengal Geosyncline

About 110 million years ago during Cretaceous time the Gondwana Super continent began to break up and India began drifting towards north The Bengal basin was initiated during that time however the basin did not become the center of deposition of thick clastic sediments until the northward drifting Indian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate The collision between Indian plate and Asian Plate took place in stages beginning in Eocene (55 million years ago) when an initial uplift of the Himalayan occurred(Fig 21) By late Eocene (40 million years ago) the last remnant of the intervening Tethys sea between Indian Plate and Asian plate probably disappeared as a result of collision During this time the direction of Indian Plate Convergence changed from north to northeast with increasing collision with Asia (Scatter amp Fisher 1974)

Fig 21 Upliftment of Himalayas due to collision of Indian plate and Eurasian plate

25

Bangladesh was the site of vast delta buildups during Eocene to Pliocene time Subsequent Pliocene-Pleistocene alluvial deposits of the Ganges- Brahmaputran Rivers system ccnpletely covered the earlier deltaic deposits These Tertiary strata below the Pleistocene have become campressed into long and narrow north-south oriented folds produced during the Alpine Orogeny by the westward push of the East Indies island arc The anticlines have gentle east- and steep west-flanks thrust faluts are numerous Deformation decreases westward and in northern Bangladesh the fold and fault pattern becomes more easterly trending Correlation of rock units by lithologic characteristics has proven to be unreliable palynologic studies have proved more reliable

The delta building activities continue along the central part of the basin although the eastern part of the basin has since been uplifted into a folded mountain belt ie Sylhet-Chittagong Hills This represents the frontal or outer western part of a more extensive orogen namely the Indoburman range The folded mountain range resulted as a direct consequence of the subduction of the Indian plate beneath the Burmese plate The geology of Bangladesh is not yet adequately kncown Nothing is known about the pre-Cretaceous geological history The history of the Indo-Burman Orogen becomes discernible only from the Late Cretaceous (Senonian) onward

By Eocene because of a major marine transgression the stable shelf came under a carbonate regime whereas the deep basinal area was dominated by deep-water sedimentation The folding can be better observed in the 3D simulation of the Bengal Basin (Fig 22)

A major switch in sedimentation pattern over the Bengal Basin occurred during the Middle Eocene to Early Miocene as a result of collision of India with the Burma and Tibetan Blocks The influx of clastic sediment into the basin from the Himalayas to the north and the Indo-Burman Ranges to the

26

east rapidly increased at this time and this was followed by an increase in the rate of subsidence of the basin At this stage deep marine sedimentation dominated in the deep basinal part while deep to shallow marine conditions prevailed in the eastern part of the basin By Middle Miocene with continuing collision events between the plates and uplift in the Himalayas and Indo-Burman Ranges a huge influx of clastic sediments came into the basin from the northeast and east (Alam Alam Curray Chowdhury amp Gani 2003)

Figure 22 3D simulation of the Bengal Basin

During the Miocene the depositional settings in the basin continued to vary from deep marine in the middle part of the basin to shallow marine in the marginal parts Large amounts of sediment started filling the Bengal Basin from North and Northwest starting from the Pliocene times

The present day delta was formed by the continued delta-building processes From the Cretaceous times the structure of the Bengal Basin has been changing due to the collision patterns and movements of the major plates surrounding the region Three significant changes in the patterns can be recognized that occurred during the early Eocene middle Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene

27

During this time both the geographic settings and source areas of deposition changed The present setting of the Bengal Basin was formed during the later Pliocene and Pleistocene The delta progradation was strongly affected by the uplifted Himalayas

22 Tectonic Set up of Sylhet Trough and Surroundings

The Sylhet Trough is occupied by an anticline namely Sylhet Anticline a northeast southwest trending fold structure with a length of 13 km and an width of 3 km The structure has discrete four way dip closure The anticline is arcuate and slightly asymmetric the asymmetry results in progressive shift of the crestal axis towards the southeast with increasing depth The structure is influenced by several large faults recorded in seismic sections These are reverse faults The seismic section shows evidence of extentional collapse at the crest in shallower horizons and several normal faults can be traced (Imam 2005)The investigated area and adjoining area lie within the Sylhet trough of Bengal foredeep Sylhet trough is situated south of Shillong Massif (Map 21) and corresponds with vast low land of Surma basin The northern limit of this subsiding trough is bounded by well-known Dauki fault Dauki fault system is probably included in the same system of thrust faults Disang and Naga of Assam (Map21) Faulting along the Shillong shelf zone coincided with rapid subsidence of Surma basin is during Miocene and later time

The structure of the investigated area is one field team estimated Anticline Khan 1978 told it is a broad homoclinal fold a small anticline and syncline Refolded structure formed due to the right lateral movement of Dauki fault Tectonically the structure of the Surma Basin and its adjoining areas are more active which is evidenced by the subsidence of the Surma Basin is about 30 to 40 ft within the last several hundred years The Surma Basin is subsiding at present day at a rate of 21mm per year in central part and 15 to 25 mm per year in northern part Theforced responsible

28

for the development of the structure of the area are due to the under thrusting of the Indian plate towards NNE direction (Paul 1988)

Map 21 Sylhet Trough and Surrounding Area

23 General Stratigraphy of Sylhet

Stratigraphy is the scientific discipline concerned with the description of the rock successions and their interpretation in terms of a general time scaleIt provides a basis for historical geology and its principle and methods have found application in such fields as petrology and archeology Stratigraphic studies deal primarily with sedimentary rocks but may also encompass layered igneous rocks (eg those resulting from successive lava flows) or metamorphic rocks formed either

Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29

from such extrusive igneous material or from sedimentary rocks A common goal of stratigraphic studies into mappable units determining the time relationships that are involved and correlating units of the sequence or the entire sequence with rock strata elsewhere A regional topographic satellite image showed the stratigraphy of Sylhet trough (Map 22)

The area under investigation is underlain in part by Holocene and flood plain deposits and in part by deformed Tertiary sediments Most of the outcrops are covered with thick jungle and soil and accessible with difficulty Along the Shari River there is an excellent section which can be considered on the type section for the Neogene sequence in N-E Bangladesh From the Dauki river where Eocene limestone crops out to the plain south of Dupitila 2800ft thick sediments has been estimated (Haque1982)This monotonous succession of sediments which have been affected by the movements associated with the Himalayas orogenExcept for Sylhet limestone the sequence represents a clastic section composed mainly of sandstone siltstone clay and associated conglomerate The rock strata were investigated on the basis of lithologic characteristics and were subdivided on the basis of lithologic contrasts

Map 22 Satellite image which represents Regional topography and stratigraphy of the investigated area

30

TABLE 21 The Stratigraphic succession of NE BangladeshSylhet trough

The stratigraphy of the area has been differentiated into a number of formations Sylhet limestone formation is found as the oldest in the normal sequenceThe normal sequence of the studied formation is given below according to the law of superposition

31

1 Dihing formation 2 Dupitila formation 3 Giruja clay 4 Tipam sandstone 5 Surma group 6 Barail sandstone 7 Kopili shale 8 Sylhet limestone

The names of the formations are established by Evans(1932) for the tertiary successions of Assam Although it is difficult to correlate formations separated by hundred of kilometer without the support of paleontological data and also because of frequent facies changes

23 Lithological Descriptions of Investigating Area

The oldest rock exposed in Bangladesh is Tura sandstone of Early Eocene age in Takerghat area in Sunamganj district in Sylhet division But this is not found in our investigated areaThe Sylhet limestone formation is the oldest exposed rock in our studied areathe middle unit of the Jaintia group of sedimentsThey are overlain by from older to younger the Barail group Surma Group Tipam group Dupitila and Dihing (Sonatila Gravel) sediments

32

231 SYLHET LIMESTONE

The term Sylhet limestone as a rock unit was first used by FHKhan(1963)The formation is exposed on the left bank of Dauki river near the Bangladesh-Meghalaya border (Lat N2510535 Long E9201055)The outcrop forms an inlier surrounded by recent deposits and rock of the Barail group It is the oldest (Eocene) rock of the investigated area Limestone is a hard friable rock thus are sometime fosiliferous (Fig23)

Fig 23 Outcrop of Sylhet Lymestone

The grey coloured fossiliferous highly compacted limestone offers a variety of fossils from disk shaped The hard limestone is highly jointed and fractured The brecciated limestone occurs due to large Dauki Fault The assemblages of dominantly large microfossils indicate shallow water continental shelf zone Fault bractia (Fig 24) formation missing topographic change (Fig 25) and different deep direction are indicating the presens of Dauki Fault

SylhetLym

eston

33

Fig 24 Fault Bractia Dauki Fault

Fig 25 Sudden Topographic change due to Dauki Fault

Sudden

Topographic

change

34

The lithologic description of Sylhet limestone indicates it was formed in a warm shallow marine environment of deposition The Eocene was a period of stable slowly subsiding shelf condition in the Bangladesh area and was not yet strongly influenced by the continental collision of India and Asia that began in Late Paleocene As a result there was no disturbance of any river and that quite environment was favorable for the inhabitation of marine organisms which we found as fossils in Sylhet limestone (Fig 26)

Fig 26 Contract Between Kopili Shale and Sylhet Lymestone

232 KOPILI SHALE

The name of Kopili shale was given by PEvans(1932) to the beds forming the upper stage of the Jaintia group after the kopili river of Garo hills in India Itrsquos friable organic rich shale It gives a minor outcrop on the west bank of the Rangapani River (Lat N 2510423 Long E 9204295) We found it on the east bank of the Dauki river (Ballaghat ) near the Bangladesh-Meghalaya border(lat25010891 long 920 01091)

Boundary between

Sylhet Limestone and

Kopili Shale Kopili Shale

Sylhet

Limestone

35

It is dark grey to black colored very much fissile thickly bedded to paper laminated poorly compacted friable Interbeded sandstone with argillaceous matrix is presentIt is conformably overlain on the Sylhet limestone Base of kopili shale is not seen

In the late Eocene the environment of the area changed from shallow marine to a clay receiving basin At that time the continental collision affected this area As Himalaya started to rise finer clay particles were carried out and the limestone forming environment was disturbed The water become cooler and brackish which affected the organism resulting a barrier that terminated the deposition of limestone Under such an environmental condition Kopili Shale was deposited

Fig 27 Outcrop ofKopili Shale

233 BARAIL (Renji) Formation

The Oligocene is represented by the Barail group named by Evans(1932) after the Barail range in nearby AssamIndia where the unit has its type locality The Barail group (Renji formation) is well

36

exposed in Mahishmara Sonatila and near Sripur (Lat N251037 Long E9204357) which is about 35 miles NW of Jaintiapur Most of the exposures are covered by Holocene sediments The Barail forms high ridges than the adjacent Surmagroup Baril is highly compacted sandstone At Rangapani River (Lat N2510049 Long E9203217)

The sandstone is mainly pink in colour weathered to light yeloow and grey very fine to medium grained argillaceous and Ferruginous materialsThe siltstone is light grey to yellow in color It is thin to thick bedded fairly hard and compact and well jointed It is sometime iron incrastation parallel bedding Upper of Baril formation we found Laterite conglomerate It is found cross bedding lamination in Barial Sandstone(Fig

Barail Sandstone reflects a delta to near shore environment During Oligocene Himalayan began to raise more So many new rivers began to flow and carried sand particles and a delta began to develop Under this near shore environment a huge amount of sand with some clay particles were carried out as a result Barail formation deposited

37

Fig 28 Iron Rich Barail Sandstone

Fig 29 Corse Bedding Lamination in Barail Sandstone

38

234 SURMA GROUP

The Surma group has been named after the Surma series of AssamIndia ( Evans1932)The sediments of the Surma group unconformably overlies the Barail group Good exposures of this unit were observed in the east of Jaintiapur and in the Hari Riverstop The surma group is generally subdivided into two formations namely Bhuban a Bokabil and a contact of Bhuban and Bokabil was seen at station-4(lat N2500655 long 9201055) The Surma group is made of bedded laminated siltstone shale silty shale claystone and sandstone It is also exposed near Jaintiapur ie AfifanagarMost of it is covered by recent alluvium The contract between Surma and Tipam Sandstone is near BGB camp laft bank of sari river(Fig 210)

It is composed of yellowish grey sandstone bluish grey shale sandy shale and siltstone sandstone is fine to medium grained subangular and moderately sorted hard is resistant to weathering and forms the cliffs The shale is bluish grey in color well laminated hard and jointed During Miocene epoch the major orogenic enlistment of Himalaya took place We also found there Flasher and lenticular bedding siltstone alteration with sandstone(Fig 211) The sand silt and clay particles carried and deposited by numerous streams enhanced the development of major delta Sometime we found Drag fault in surma group (Fig 213) Gradually the delta advanced to the south as the shoreline retreated The Bhuban and BokaBil formations deposited under such predominantly deltaic environment often showing the evidence of marine transgression for short period The size and shape of the grains indicates low energy condition of deposition and long transportation

Bhuban formation deposited in the early Miocene time and BokaBil is of late Miocene But same environmental condition prevailed during the time of deposition of the both formations This is evidenced by the similar type of lithology of the formations without any pronounced changes and their contact was gradational one Therefore the environment of the deposition of BokaBil was Deltaic same as Bhuban

39

Fig 210 Contract between Surma and Tipam Sandstone

Fig 211 Lenticular Beding in Surma Group

Siltstone Sandstone

40

Fig 212 FoldingOutcrop of Shale (Surma Group)

41

Fig 213 Drag fold in Surma Group in Nayagang

235 TIPAM SANDSTONE

The name has been used after the Tipam hills in an Assam India (Mallet 1876) The formation constitute the lower part of Tipam group and is conformably overlain by Girujan Clay Top of this formation is exposed in (Lat N25006373 long 92009064) The top of Tipam sandstone formation forms a conformable contact with the Girujan clay formation exposed in the bank of Shari River Where it consists of alternation of bedded to thick bedded fine sandstone and mudstone (Fig217)

Lithology of Tipam sandstone consists of grey-brown to pale grey medium to coarse grained and massive sandstone Intercalations of grey shale found conglomerate (Fig218) pebbles laterite bed (Fig 214) Here found clay gol (Fig 215) massive sandstone and its conformable existence over the

42

rocks of Surma group offer sufficient clue to assign it as the lower part of Tipam group So we may be permitted to correlate this unit with the Tipam sandstone formation of Assam Basin belonging an age of Mio-Pliocene

Upper lithological information says that Tipam sandstone formed in fluvial environment During late Miocene to Early Pliocene time the development of Delta continued and gradually moved toward south leaving a land environment beyond it The streams carried out and deposited the Tipam sediments in high energy condition Massive bedding and pore to moderate sorting suggest a nearer source area

Fig 214 Laterite Bed over Tipam Sandstone

Laterite

43

Fig 215 Clay Gol in Tipam Sandstone

Fig 216 Tipam Sandstone

Cly gol

44

Fig 217 Conglomerate on Tipam Sandstone

236 GIRUJAN CLAY

The name has been given after the Girujan clay stage of Tipam series in AssamIndia Top of this formation is exposed in Stop-4(Lat N25005543 long 9200844) by the Shari river bank having a conformable contact with the overlying Dupitila formation The formation develops conformably and gradationally from the underlying Tipam sandstone formation It consists of Grey to bluish grey 100 clay and mottled clay (Fig 220)

45

The characteristic properties of the rock unit such as its whitish gray color massive structure sticky nature and clay content and its conformable relation to the underlying Tipam sandstone formation permit us to correlate it with the Girujan clay formation of the Tipam group in Assam basin Assigning an age of Mio-Pliocene

Right after the deposition of Tipam sandstone Girujan clay was deposited under the influence of lacustrine environment in a locally developed lake in the fluvial system This event is substantiated by its restricted deposition rather wide spread The environment required for the deposition of such clay formation was provided by the standing water body ie lake where finer particles may settle down

Fig 218 Outcrop of Girujan Clay

46

237 DUPITILA FORMATION

The Dupigaon is the type locality of the Dupitila formation which is exposed in station-1(25005464N and 9200743E) at Sharighat behind sharighat primary school (Fig 219) The lithology is dominantly sandstone and siltstone with interbeds of claystone The Dupitila sandstone formation conformably overlies the Girujan clay formation This is the only formation of which the type section belongs to the Bengal basin (Bangladesh)

The sandstone is yellowish brown colored medium to course grained less compact and highly porous It is massive too thick bedded The sandstone is quartz predominated with significant amount of mica and dark colored minerals It contains quartz granule and clay galls and can be characterized also by iron encrustation Found cross bedding lamination (Fig 220) Significant amount of clay matrix is present in the rock and ferruginous cementing material gives the rock this yellowish brown color The color of the clay stone is bluish gray It is very fine grained massive and sticky in nature The composition of the clay stone is entirely clay minerals

The lithologic characteristics that are presence of clay galls cross bedding refer a continental fluviatile environment for the deposition of DupiTila sandstone formation The DupiTila formation represents deposition over a broad front of river plane with flood plain and channel deposits Sandstone was deposited in the channel proper whereas the claystoneshale was deposited in the flood plain

47

Fig 219 Outcrop of Dupitila Formation

Fig 220 Cross bedding in (Dupitila Formation)

48

238 DIHING FORMATION

The Dihing formation of Pleistocene age has unconformable contact with the Surma group and with Barail group sonatila Chara Which are exposed in Stop 1(day 3) lat N 25853 long E 927453 The formation consists of yellow and grey medium-grained occasionally pebbly sandstone and clayey sandstone with interbeds of mottled clay and boulders The rocks are in most part poorly consolidated(Fig 221)

After the deposition of DupiTila the area had suffered a major tectonic activity The upliftment of Shillong plateau caused the tilting of entire Tertiary strata The area suffered upliftment up to Pleistocene period which is evident by the presence of conglomerate beds A time gap between the Pliocene DupiTila formation and recent alluvium is represented by these gravel beds

The Pleistocene river carried those gravels and deposited them horizontally over the inclined Tertiary succession as bed load deposits

Fig 221 Outcrop of Dihing Formation (Beside our Base Camp)

49

Chapter 3

HAZARDS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction

Bangladesh is a developing country This country is often known as the country of disasters at the global level The socio-economic impacts of natural disasters are very destructive in Bangladesh Natural disasters cause the death of many lives almost every year and also create the risks of poverty unemployment disempowerment in the country which might be a global problem in the future Natural disasters often cause food crisis in the country as well Due to natural disasters many people have to depend on aids since they lose almost everything in the natural disasters like cyclones or flooding In the context of globalized environmental degradation Bangladesh is one of the major victims Bangladesh has been struggling to cope with this situation for a long time But natural disasters as well as effects of climate change often hinder the development of the country as well as many other states So such problem has to be solved globally rather than locally

Often Bangladesh can be regarded as a super market of both natural and manmade disasters Our country is being affected each year by either natural disasters like flood cyclone river bank erosion landslide tornado norrsquowester earthquake saline water intrusion or manmade disasters like infrastructure collapse fire water logging ground subsidence due to ground water withdrawal and transport accidents Climate change is another problem in globally and tis is severe in South Asia and as well as in Bangladesh

Sylhet is our study which is mainly affected by geophysical hydro-meteorological environmental hazards Anthropogenic hazards are also prominent in this area Earthquake slumping landslide flood flash flood gravel withdrawing acidity in soil deforestation are the main hazards in this area All of them flash flood acidity in soil earthquake are prominent Among these flash flood acidity in soil hider cultivation Because of acidity most of the lands is not cultivable for common products of Bangladesh such as rice jute potato etc And for flash flood people of jaintiapur are not interested to cultivate their own products So problems are acute in this area

51

Map-31 Affected area of natural hazards in Bangladesh

52

Table 32 Disaster of Bangladesh

Issue Pressure Cause Impacts Flood

Excess flow monsoon Improper infrastructural

development 92 percent of the total catchment

area across the border Drainage congestion dew to river

bed siltation Deforestation in upper catchment

area

Disruption of communication amp livelihood system

Loss of agricultural production Disruption of essential services National economic loss Loss of human livesamp biodiversity

Drought

Less amp uneven rainfall in dry season and wet season

Non-availability of water in dry season

Fluctuation of ground water table

Loss of agricultural production Stress on national economy due to bad

harvesting Disruption of life style Reduction of fresh water fish

production Cyclone amp

Storm surge

Geographical setting of Bangladesh Coastal configurations bathymetry

of the Bay of Bengal Location of ITCZ near the equator

and its shifting with the apparent movement of the sun across the Bay


Damage amp destruction of property Environmental degradation Loss of lives amp agricultural Production

Tornado

Intense ground heating amp low level moisture incursion from the Bay of Bengal during pre and post monsoon

Conjugation of western disturbance with locally developed low pressure

Loss of lives amp biodiversity Destruction of property amp damage of

cash crops Damage to essential services National economic loss amp loss of

livelihood

Earthquake

Geographical location of Bangladesh having major amp moderate faults

Damage amp destruction of property Loss of lives amp disruption of life style

53

32 Hazards of Study area

A flash flood is a rapid flooding of geomorphic low-lying areas washes rivers dry lakes and basins It may be caused by heavy rain associated with a severe thunderstorm hurricane tropical storm or melt-water from ice sheets or snowfield Flash flood can occur under several types of conditions Flash flooding occurs when precipitation falls on saturated soil or dry soil that has poor absorption ability Sylhet area mainly sand rich and has poor absorption quality (Map 32) So in the season of heavy rainfall mainly occurred Mainly in the time of June and July flash flood occur in this area It sustains very short duration but damages are great

Map 32 Flash Flood affected area of Bangladesh

Floods are the most significant natural hazard in the country causing extensive damage to human life and property The country lies on the downstream part of three major river basins Brahmaputra Ganges and Meghan and thus is frequently flooded (Map 33) There have been many destructive floods in Bangladesh including very severe floods of 1987 1988 and 1998 The 1988 flood set a new record for flooded area while 1998 flood was unprecedented with its long duration The flood damage potential in Bangladesh is increasing due to the possible causes of climate change urban concentration in the three river basins encroaching of settlements into flood

54

prone areas and overreliance on the safety provided by flood control works such as levees reservoirs There are two types of floods which occur in Bangladesh annual floods (barsha) that inundate up to 20 of the land area and low frequency floods of high magnitude that inundate more than 35 of the area (bonna) The major floods that occurred in 1954 1955 1974 1984 1987 1988 1993 1998 1999 2000 and 2007 have been very destructive and caused serious threat to lives and economy In the context of human exposure in flood hazard zones nearly 19279960 people are present in these zones and Bangladesh ranks 1st among 162 nations Similarly the modeled amount of GDP in seismically hazardous zones puts Bangladesh 3rd among 162 countries The investigated area mainly flooded water from Surma River And this area flooded every year So the consequence of flood is severe but they are adaptable by nature with it

Map33 Flood Affected area of Bangladesh

55

In the earthquake zoning map of 1993 26 percent of Bangladesh falls in high risk (Map34) 38 percent moderate and 36 percent in low risk zone in terms of earthquake vulnerability The distribution of recorded earthquakes indicate a major clustering of seismicity around the Dauki Fault and scattering of other events along other major fault systems of Bangladesh The magnitude of the earthquakes are moderate (4-6) and majority of them are shallow depth The historical records show that the there have been some major earthquakes in Bangladesh The 1548 earthquake had affected Sylhet and Chittagong with reports of ground rupture and hydrological changes The 1762 earthquake had raised the Foul Island by 274 meters and the northwest coast of Chedua by 671 meters above the MSL and had caused permanent submergence of part of Chittagong The 1897 Great India earthquake had caused extensive damage to parts of Mymensingh Dhaka and Rajshahi Among the recent major earthquakes the 1997 Chittagong earthquake caused extensive damage to the adjacent areas In the context of human exposure in seismically hazardous zones nearly 1330958 people are present in these zones and Bangladesh ranks 17th among 153 nations Similarly the modeled amount of GDP in seismically hazardous zones puts Bangladesh 42nd among 153 countries

In the context of human exposure in seismically hazardous zones nearly 1330958 people are present in these zones and Bangladesh ranks 17th among 153 nations Similarly the modeled amount of GDP in seismically hazardous zones puts Bangladesh 42nd among 153 countries

56

Map-34 Seismicity classified in Magnitude in and around Bangladesh

The area is not suitable for the cultivation of land In rainy season there deposited gravel rock Then there soil is acidic The people of this area use their land only 34 month as cultivating crop

Map Soil Problem Area of Bangladesh

57

Large and small landslides occur almost every year in nearly all regions of the world In the past landslide was not considered a major hazard in Bangladesh Due to heavy rainfall during June landslides and collapsed walls caused widespread damages in Chittagong city Sylhet and other hilly areas of Bangladesh Because most of the hilly areas are mainly sandstone rich and loosely compactedSlumping is prominent in jaintiapur and surroundings areas

There also human induced degradation of environment likes wildland fires misuse of land water and air pollution Here the viewed important one that various types of gravels are carried out by stream which is deposited the surface of floodplain causing pressure on Locallabor withdraw that a huge which causes subsidence of surface and environmentally it is degradation

Fig 31 Grable withdrawing on surface land

33 Causes of Natural Hazard amp Environmental Problem

Our study area is foot of the shilong platue when heavy rainfall in Meghalaya then it flows with strong speed Flood that covers a huge is occurred after 58 years It over up to 10-15 feet with the duration about 10 minutes stays at one day This short time flood sometime is devastating

58

People of this area mainly foothills clean up vegetation for the cultivation of joomThis one causes landslide in rainy season The tribal groups dig hill mouth to set up their built which also could cause this

As there is very poor early warning system people are affected economically and physically so much After the flood occurrence there is a crying need for pure water A lot of sediment about 6 to 8 inches come in rainy season The area is deposited in flood from Sari to Surma Local people cultivate crops only three months from June to August

The local leader cut plant and hill to make space that they continue their business For this reason have a negative impact to environment They cut hill that make landslide or slumping hazards Tamable is an important land port of our country Stone and Coal are import form this port Near this port there have many stone businessman that they cut hill and forest for the place for stone quarrying That has a negative impact to our environment It destroys our Archaeological heritage

Fig 32 Sona Tila Gravels are being crashed

59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60

Conclusion Geological survey is concerned chiefly with the systematic geological mapping and survey of rock and mineral fossils oil gas and water resources of the surface and subsurface With the help of field geology air photography satellite imaging (remote sensing) and geophysical surveying it particularly puts emphasis on the economic deposits Its purpose may also be purely scientific The geological surveying also furnishes useful information in foundation studies for road and railway alignments for bridges tunnels and buildings in town protection works and in Earthquake hazards (Banglapedia) Field geologic survey is the study and interpretation of rocks the determination and location of points in a map where observation are made and measurement of the attitude of beds as well as the study of physical features structures lithology stratigraphy geologic history economic geology and finally the preparation of geologic maps usually involves the geologic field survey With the exception of northeastern and southeastern margins Bangladesh is covered by a vast Alluvium plain (Banglapedia) For the training purposes of students field works are confined of the areas where rocks are outcropping and Jaflong- Tamabil- Lalakhal area of Sylhet district is one of them Here the rocks from Middle Eocene to Recent are exposed The rocks are disturbed by folding faulting joints The rocks are divided into nine lithostratigraphic units The rocks were studied both in the field and in the laboratory The rocks were correlated with the other areas of the adjacent territory The economic resources of the investigated area were studied

The field work is done for profiling geophysical hazard and disaster management of this area This area mainly face flash flood earthquake soil acidity etc

61

Our guide teachers Dept and Dean Office tried to give us a best effort to give a bitter field work But there have some limitation thus are

1 Base map Our supplied base map is produced before 1990 so this base map isnrsquot place new GPS position That there make an error

2 Scientific tools and Equipment As a new Department our dept doesnrsquot supply available tools and Equipment

3 Staying Place Our havenrsquot any stable staying place Their hotel isnrsquot available So we stay Dakbanglo School college etc so this place isnrsquot safe for us

4 Financial Budget for the field work isnrsquot proper 5 Time (4 day) is not enough for this survey

There have many others limitation such as Transport Study Materials etc

Our dept should be setup a stable staying place that students stay safety Increase scientific tools and equipment Base map should be modernization that match with our hand GPS Should be increase fund for field work I think our teachers done all things for us that we stay well and done better our next field work

62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References

Ahmed A Oligocene stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Surma basin Bangladesh M S Thesis

1983

Banglapedia

Encyclopedia Britannica

FEMA

Evans P (1933) Tertiary succession in Assam than geol Inst India v-27

Evans p (1964) The tectonic frame work of Assam Geol soc India Jour vol5 pp ndash 80 ndash 85

Geological note book wrote during field work

Haque M 1982 Tectonic setup of Bang and its Relation to Hydrocarbon Accumulation

Phase-1 Centre for policy Research (DU) and University Field staff International (UFSI) USA

Haque M N Paleontology of the Tertiary limestone and associated sediments M S Thesis 1969

Hari Prasad Paul (1988) Structure and tectonics of north Eastern part of the Surma Basin Sylhet Bang

Msc Thesis Geology Dept Dhaka University

Hiller K and Ellahi M 1984 Structural development and hydrocarbon entrapment in the

development in the Surma Basin Bang (Northwestern Indo ndash Burman Fold Belt) 5th offshore South

East Asia conf session- 6 logging Singapore

Holtrop J F and Keizer j (1970) Some aspect of the Stratigraphy and correlation of the Surma

Basin Wells East Pakistan ESCAFE minerals Resources Development Seriesno6

Imam MB 2005 Mineral Resources of Bangladesh

Khan MA (1978) Geology of the eastern and north eastern part of sadar subdivision Sylhet district in

Bangladesh Record of G S B vol2 part-iv

Mathur L P and Evans P 1964 Oil in India InterGeol Cong 22nd Session

Monsur M H An Introduction to the Quaternary Geology of Bangladesh A complimentary research

of IGCP 347 Quaternary Stratigraphic Correlation of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Sediments (1995)

Saha S K Stratigraphical and lithoclast analysis of the gravel deposits exposed at Jaintiapur

Bholaganj M S Thesis

Wallid K M (1982) Paleostratigraphy of the Tertiary Sediments as Exposed along the Jaflong

Tamabil road cut section in Sylhet district Bangladesh Unpublished M Sc Thesis Geology Dept

Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map

Map Name Page no Map 11 Location of Jaintiapur 02 Map 12 JaintiapurUpazila 03 Map 13 Climate map of Bangladesh 08 Map 14 Drainage patern of Investigated area 09 Map 21 Sylhet Trough and Surrounding Area 20 Map 22 Satellite image which represents Regional topography

and stratigraphy of the investigated area 21

Map 31 Affected area of natural hazards in Bangladesh 41

Map 32 Flash Flood affected area of Bangladesh 43 Map 33 Flood Affected area of Bangladesh 44 Map 34 Seismicity classified in Magnitude in and around

Bangladesh 45

Map 35 Soil Problem Area of Bangladesh 46

List of Table

Table Name Page no

Table 21 The Stratigraphic succession of NE Bangladesh Sylhet Trough

22

Table 32 Disaster of Bangladesh 42 44

66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no

Fig 11 Discussion with local people knowing about Hazards 06 Fig 12 Seminar on Citrus Research Center 07 Fig 13 Sari River 09 Fig 14 Sari River 10 Fig 15 Rangapani River 11 Fig 16 Noyagoan River 11 Fig 17 Vegetation near Shari River 13 Fig 18 Citrus Recherche Center plant (BARI Kamala -1) 14 Fig 19 Rechercheacute Plant in Citrus Recherce Center 14 Fig 21 Upliftment of Himalayas due to collision of Indian plate

and Eurasian plate 16

Fig 21 3D simulation of the Bengal Basin 18 Fig 23 Outcrop of Sylhet Lymestone 24 Fig 24 Fault Bractia Dauki Fault 24 Fig 25 Sudden Topographic change due to Dauki Fault 25 Fig 26 Contract Between Kopili Shale and Sylhet Lymestone 25 Fig 27 Outcrop ofKopili Shale 26 Fig 28 Iron Rich Barail Sandstone 27 Fig 29 Corse Bedding Lamination in Barail Sandstone 28 Fig 210 Contract between Surma and Tipam Sandstone 29 Fig 211 Lenticular Beding in Surma Group 30

67

Figure Name Page no

Fig 212 FoldingOutcrop of Shale (Surma Group) 30 Fig 213 Drag fold in Surma Group in Nayagang 31 Fig 214 Laterite Bed over Tipam Sandstone 32 Fig 215 Clay Gol in Tipam Sandstone 32 Fig 216 Tipam Sandstone 33 Fig 217 Conglomerate on Tipam Sandstone 33 Fig 218 Outcrop of Girujan Clay 34 Fig 219 Outcrop of Dupitila Formation 35 Fig 220 Cross bedding in (Dupitila Formation 36

Fig 221 Outcrop of Dihing Formation (Beside our Base Camp) 37

Fig 31 Grable withdrawing on surface land 47 Fig 32 Sona Tila Gravels are being crashed 48

68

Appendix II

Day Stop Latitude Longitude Attitude of Beds

1

Camp 25deg08ʹ49˝ N 92deg07ʹ455˝ E 1 25deg05ʹ464˝ N 92deg07ʹ033˝ E 78deg SE 262 2 25deg05ʹ49˝ N 92deg07ʹ074˝ E 3 25deg05ʹ558˝ N 92deg08ʹ393˝ E 270 S 55 4 25deg05ʹ543˝ N 92deg08ʹ44˝ E

5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2

1 25deg06ʹ209˝ N 92deg10ʹ322˝ E 2 25deg06ʹ337˝ N 92deg10ʹ421˝ E 120 SW 70 3 25deg06ʹ05˝ N 92deg10337˝ E

4 25deg06ʹ55˝ N 92deg10ʹ557˝ E 5 25deg06ʹ440˝ N 92deg10ʹ491˝ E 298 SW 56

3

1 25deg08ʹ053˝ N 92deg07ʹ453˝ E 264 SW 35 2 25deg08ʹ206˝ N 92deg08ʹ088˝ E 3 25deg08ʹ393˝ N 92deg07ʹ476˝ E 4 25deg08ʹ559˝ N 92deg07ʹ333˝ E 280 SW 34 5 25deg08ʹ244˝ N 92deg07ʹ179˝ E 264 SE 44 6 25deg10ʹ373˝ N 92deg04ʹ357˝ E 248deg NW 18deg 7 25deg10ʹ49˝ N 92deg04ʹ2177˝ E 8 25deg10ʹ425˝ N 92deg04ʹ295˝ E 110 NEW 17 9 25deg10ʹ343˝ N 92deg03ʹ44˝ E 246deg SE 18deg

10 25deg10ʹ516˝ N 92deg01ʹ599˝ E 276 NE 20 11 25deg10ʹ432˝ N 92deg01ʹ389˝ E

4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37

3 25deg10ʹ535˝ N 92deg01ʹ055˝ E 227deg SE 28deg 4 25deg08ʹ156˝ N 92deg08ʹ063˝ E 58deg S20degE 59deg S32degE

2

3

ABSTRACT




4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT



















work

5

CONTENTS Page No

Abstract I

Acknowledgements II

Contents III




13 Methodology 04





16 Demography 11


15






232 Kopili Shale 26

233 Barail Group 27

234 Surma Group 29



6

236 Grujian Clay 35




31 Introduction 40






7

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

8






9






13 METHODOLOGY


10









11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


3

ABSTRACT




4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT



















work

5

CONTENTS Page No

Abstract I

Acknowledgements II

Contents III




13 Methodology 04





16 Demography 11


15






232 Kopili Shale 26

233 Barail Group 27

234 Surma Group 29



6

236 Grujian Clay 35




31 Introduction 40






7

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

8






9






13 METHODOLOGY


10









11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT



















work

5

CONTENTS Page No

Abstract I

Acknowledgements II

Contents III




13 Methodology 04





16 Demography 11


15






232 Kopili Shale 26

233 Barail Group 27

234 Surma Group 29



6

236 Grujian Clay 35




31 Introduction 40






7

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

8






9






13 METHODOLOGY


10









11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


5

CONTENTS Page No

Abstract I

Acknowledgements II

Contents III




13 Methodology 04





16 Demography 11


15






232 Kopili Shale 26

233 Barail Group 27

234 Surma Group 29



6

236 Grujian Clay 35




31 Introduction 40






7

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

8






9






13 METHODOLOGY


10









11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


6

236 Grujian Clay 35




31 Introduction 40






7

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

8






9






13 METHODOLOGY


10









11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


7

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

8






9






13 METHODOLOGY


10









11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


8






9






13 METHODOLOGY


10









11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


9






13 METHODOLOGY


10









11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


10









11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


11




Collecting Samples


Tacking Photographs




12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


12










13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


13




14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


14






15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


15




16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


16




17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


17

Fig 13 Sari River


Fig 14Dauki River

18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


18





19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


19


16 Demography




20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


20







21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


21





22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


22



23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


23

Chapter 2


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


24





25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


25





26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


26





27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


27





28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


28





Dauki Fault

Surma Basin

Sylhet Trough

29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


29




30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


30



31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


31





32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


32





SylhetLym

eston

33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


33



Sudden

Topographic

change

34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


34



232 KOPILI SHALE


Boundary between



Sylhet

Limestone

35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


35






36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


36




37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


37



38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


38

234 SURMA GROUP




39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


39



Siltstone Sandstone

40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


40


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


41


235 TIPAM SANDSTONE



42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


42




Laterite

43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


43



Cly gol

44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


44


236 GIRUJAN CLAY


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


45




46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


46





47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


47



48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


48






49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


49

Chapter 3


OF STUDY AREA

50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


50

31 Introduction




51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


51


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


52







area



Drought







Storm surge






Tornado





livelihood

Earthquake



53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


53





54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


54



55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


55



56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


56




57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


57






58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


58





59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


59

Chapter 4

Conclusion

60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


60



61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


61








62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


62

CHAPTER 5

REFFERERCE

63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


63

References


1983

Banglapedia


FEMA
























Dhaka University

64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


64

Chapter 6

Appendices

65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


65

Appendix-I

List of Map





Bangladesh 45


List of Table

Table Name Page no


22


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


66

List of Figure

Figure Name Page no




67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


67

Figure Name Page no




68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37


68

Appendix II


1


5 25deg06ʹ373˝ N 92deg09ʹ068˝ E

2



3



4

1 25deg10ʹ349˝ N 92deg01ʹ336˝ E 280 NE 20

2 25deg10434˝ N 92deg0ʹ553˝ E 280 SE 37
