Environmental impacts risk-securing techniques

Presenting Group

Ishaque D-13-PG-22

Habib Rehman D-13-PG-23

Zaigham D-13-PG-24

Abdul Basit D-13-PG-27

Noshad D-13-PG-29

Miandad D-13-PG-30

Lal Bakhsh D-13-PG-31

Abid Ali D-13-PG-32

Abdul Qadir D-13-PG-33

Gul Muhammad D-13-PG-36

By Habib-ur-Rehman Solangi (D-13-PG-23)

Presentation Scheme

Environmental impacts of oil and gas field1

Concept of air and water pollution in petroleum industry 2

Risk securing techniques3


Environment impacts of oil and gas field

Impacts of Exploration and Production can be categorized into following:

1. Impacts on Soil - Contamination of Soil

2. Surface & Ground disturbance –Environmental impacts by development and

modification activities

3. Impacts on Eco system – Impacts on life around the area of fields


Impacts on Soil

Chemical and oil spill may occurs during

handling, transportation and storage and

these may contaminate soil.

Improper disposal of large volume of

Produced Saline water

Produced Saline water


Impacts on Soil

Accidental release of

hydrocarbon and produced

water. E.g. leakages from pipe line, well head, tanks, over flow

of pits etc.

Abandon Oil not correctly

plugged.

Leakages from wells and pipesBy Habib-ur-Rehman Solangi (D-13-PG-23)

Surface & Ground disturbance

Following are the activities that creates

surface and ground disturbance such as

Site clearance , civil works & construction before drilling for exploration and production

construction of Production Facilities


Pipelines installation and

maintenance.

Construction of roads,

Brine pits,Tank batteries


Impacts on Eco system

Impacts on Eco system are as following

Changes in Local Traffic due to

circulation of heavy vehicles, truck, and

machineries.

Noise pollution caused by equipment

and operation that generates loud

sound.

Accidents like spills , fire and explosion

causes eventual death of human as well

as life around. Activities impacts surrounding lives


Concept of air and water pollution in

petroleum industry

Air pollution caused by

Particulate Emission into atmosphere

generated during production and refining

operations.

Sulfur and nitrogen oxides, ammonia, acid

mist and fluorine compounds gas emission.

Air Pollution caused by emissions


Water pollution caused by

Water contamination due to discharge of

untreated water which may occur by leakage

of produced water and hydrocarbon from

brine channels, pits and accidental releases

from flowlines and tank batteries.

Water pollution Caused by discharge of

untreated produced waterBy Habib-ur-Rehman Solangi (D-13-PG-23)

Produced water are highly saline (3000 to 350000 mg/l TDS), Organic and inorganic

components, and radium-226/228 and other radioactive materials. Solvents and acid or

alkaline materials. A growing concern facing land managers is the potential use of land for

farming, housing, or other uses where oil and gas production is no longer active but may have

left a legacy of undesirable environmental effects.

*TDS- Total dissolved solids

*Mg/L- Milligrams per litters

Water pollution ad impacts on land of farmingBy Habib-ur-Rehman Solangi (D-13-PG-23)

Risk securing techniques

Water should not be discharged. It may be reinjected into formation by depleted wells helps to

recover more oil from reservoir.

Water must be treated if it is needed to be discharged, By treatments such as:

Neutralization

Evaporation

Aeration

Flocculation

Oil & Grease Separation

Carbon Adsorption

Reverse Osmosis

Ion Exchange

Bio Treating Etc.



Area for Storing and handling of raw material

and products should be water proofed and

have drainage system so that spills may wash

waters can be directed to treatments

Particulate Emission can be controlled by

equipment such as cyclones, Bag filters,

Electrostatic Precipitators, scrubbers.

Electrostatic PrecipitatorsBy Habib-ur-Rehman Solangi (D-13-PG-23)


Gases and Acid emissions such as sulfur and nitrogen oxide can be controlled by wet gas scrubbers, carbon adsorption and other techniques.

Unwanted gas should be burned by flaring in order to avoid the exposure of these hazardous gases to atmosphere. Flaring' wastes 3.5% of world's natural gas.

Dust Emissions can be controlled by water sprays

wet gas scrubbersBy Habib-ur-Rehman Solangi (D-13-PG-23)


Accessibility of Road system must be selected as best routes having less impact & risk of

accidents .

Acoustic treatment by Enclosure of Equipment or sound proofing the building to operate

at significant noise levels.

Emergency Response Plan in case of fire, large oil spills or explosions.


Learning Outcomes

We have gone through different types of environmental impacts due to oil and gas fields

such as soil contamination, surface and ground disturbance and impacts on eco system.

Air pollution is caused by emission of particulates and hazardous gases and water

pollution is caused by discharge of untreated produced water

The techniques involved to mitigate these issues include the treatment of water,

installation of emission capturing equipment, reducing noise levels, minimize disturbances

of life around, emergency response over catastrophic situations.


References

Environmental Geosciences, V.12, No.2 (June 2005) the American Association of Petroleum

Geologists/Division of Environmental Geosciences.

EIA report for Sinjhoro Gas Condensate Field, OGDCL September 2011.

Jacqueline Barboza Mariano, Emilio LebreLa Rovere, Environmental Impacts of Oil Industry-

Petroleum Engineering-DownStream


Thank you
