Preston University

North Nazimabad Campus

The Geographical Location, Weather And Climate Of Islamic Republic Of Pakistan.

Prepared ByMuhammad SheharyarMirza Sanawwar Baig

BS in (Computer Science) Evening1st Semester

GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN

• The Islamic republic of Pakistan is situated between 24.50 and 36.75 latitude north and 61 to 75.5 longitudes east

• country located in the mountainous region adjoining central Asia and the middle east

• 796,096 sq km, Pakistan is the world’s 36th largest country

NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES

• Afghanistan • Iran• China• India• up to about 6,774 km (4,334.1 mi) in length

land bordered and coastline is about 1046 km

NEIGHBOURING COUNTRYAFGHANISTAN

• To the west of Pakistan• has deep historical and geographical ties with

Pakistan • linked together in religious, racial and cultural

bounds• Bordered is 2250 Km long , fixed in 1893 by

British government ,called DURAND LINE.

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN

• To south west • brotherly relations• Both country cooperate in defense and

economic• The boundary with Iran is 912 km (566.7 mi)

fix In 1957.

REPUBLIC OF CHINA

• To the north of Pakistan • Friendly relations• Silk road is constructed to strengthen the

relation• Border is 510 km (316.9 mi). was decided 03-03-

1963• To the west of china boundary meets with

Afghanistan's area at ‘wakhan’ which separates Pakistan and the Muslim republic of Tajikistan.

INDIA

• To the east of pakistan• The relations between the two are not cordial• Injustice in partition creates tension about

states of jammu & kashmir • Boundary is 2912 kilometers long and not

straight and natural.

ARABIAN SEA

• To The South Of Pakistan • Coastline Is 1046 Km Long• Links Pakistan With The Arab Countries And

International Politics.

CLIMATE AND WEATHER

• Climate: Weather is generalization of the day to day weather conditions over a long period of time usually thirty years.

• Weather: Weather refers to the atmospheric conditions of any place for a short period of time (temporary changes in the climate).

SEASONS OF PAKISTAN

• Pakistan has four seasons • Winter (mid December to March)• Early summer (April to June)• Late summer (July to September)• Post monsoon (October to Mid December).

RAINFALL• The quantity of water, expressed in inches, precipitated as rain,

snow, hail, or sleet in a specified area and time interval. • Only in a few northern areas humid conditions are found. The

rainfall in Pakistan is highest in northern areas decreases towards south.

Sources of rainfall in Pakistan:• Monsoon winds• The Western Depression• Convectional Currents• Relief rainfall• Tropical cyclones.

MOONSOON WINDS:• Monsoon winds are seasonal winds which blow

during summer and winter. The summer winds are called South-west monsoons and the winter winds are called North-east monsoons.

• South-west monsoon are giant sea breezes which bring rainfall. the rains began when the ocean are less heated and land is more heated. The air from the land rises developing a low pressure and it attracts the cool air causing heavy rainfall.

• North-east monsoons blow from the land towards the sea.

WESTERN DEPRESSION

• Western Depression are the cyclones which originate in Mediterranean Sea, they travel across Afghanistan and Iran and then reach the western part of Pakistan. The moisture in the air is evaporated causing rainfall.

CONVECTIONAL CURRENTS

• Hot air rises during summer and when it reaches the high layer of atmosphere, condensation takes place causing rainfall. Strong winds accompanying the storms may pick up dust with them

• Only northern and north western areas of Pakistan receive rainfall from Convectional currents. Southern Pakistan despite being more hot then the northern areas experience less rainfall because of temperature inversion layer.

RELIEF RAINFALL

• Relief rainfall is related to the height of land. It occurs where moist unstable air moves up a mountain edge and it is chilled, heavy condensation takes place and rainfall occurs.

TROPICAL CYCLONES

• Tropical cyclones bring heavy rainfall for few hours and can cause a lot of destruction. They originate in Arabian Sea quite often but rarely reach the coast of Pakistan. Therefore, this source of rainfall is totally unreliable.

CLIMCATIC ZONE OF PAKISTAN• Highland Zone:• Region: Northern, north western and western

highlands.• Areas: Chitral, Murree, Muzzafarabad, Drosh, Quetta,

Kalat, Parachinar, Waziristan• Climate: the winters are long, cold and snowy and

summers remain short and mild • Rainfall is normally associated with altitude. Rainfall

in Northern Mountain is highest in the highland zone. Rainfall in the western mountain is less

• The temperature conditions also vary from north to west depending on the altitude.

ARID ZONE• Regions: south-eastern desert, and south-western

Balochistan • Areas: Kharran Desert south-western Balochistan, south-

eastern desert.• Climate:• It is markedly dry and hot. Hot dusty winds prevail

continuously from mid –May to mid-September, rainfall takes place during winter season in south-western Balochistan, in south eastern desert monsoons bring little rainfall. Extreme heat, dust storms are the main features of this arid climate.

• Winters are cool-mild because of low angle of sun, summers are hot because of high angle of sun. Summers are very hot during the day.

Lowland Zone – Semi arid to arid• Region: Indus plain except the Coastal areas.• Areas: Islamabad, Sialkot, Sarghoda, Multan, Jacobabad,

and Sukkur• Climate:• It has arid and extreme climate with hot summers, cool

winters and summer monsoon rainfall. • Thunderstorms are also common in north and north-west

of the Indus plain. The upper Indus plain and Lower Indus plain there’s less rainfall and spells of very high temperature.

• Winters are cool-mild because of low angle of sun and continental effect and summers are hot due to high angle of sun and continental effect.

COSTAL ZONE• Region: Indus Delta, Karachi and Makran coast• Areas: Karachi, Jiwani, Pasni, Ormara and Gwadar• Climate:• The climate is dominated by sea breezes throughout the year; the

maritime influence keeps the daily temperature low. The temperature on land and sea is different; land and water absorb the sun’s heat and water and also radiate it. In summer the land heats up, while ocean remains cool. In winter the land loses heat quickly and becomes cold while ocean remains hot.

• The humidity level is usually high, more than 50% from April to September. Means monthly temperature is 32 ۫C and May, June and October are the hottest month.

• During October the climate is dominated by dry winds from south-eastern desert. Rainfall is scanty; the rainfall is experienced during monsoon season.

FACTOR EFFECTING TEMPRETURE OF PAKISTAN

• Latitudinal effect:• The areas that lie near the equator encounter more amounts of sun rays than the

areas that don’t lie near the equator. Southern Pakistan receives more amounts of sun rays as compared to Northern Pakistan.

• Continental effect:• The areas that are away from the sea are unaffected by maritime influence,

consequently; they are more hot as compared to areas near sea. Winters are extreme and summer temperatures are quite severe

• Altitude and temperature• Cloud cover and temperature• In daytime cloud cover reduces the amount of heat by reflecting the heat back to the

space but in night time it traps the out going heat and because of this the cloudy nights are warm.

• Latitude and angle of sun• The sun rays don’t fall at the same angle everywhere.• During summer, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and the northern

areas of Pakistan absorb more heat because of high angle of sun, during winter the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and the northern areas experience sun for shorter duration.

THE END

Thanking you All.