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Green Infrastructure as a
built environment air quality
service
Professor John Dover The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University
21st October 2016
Essential
Infrastructure
“Green infrastructure is the sum of an area’s
environmental assets, including stand-alone
elements and strategically planned and delivered
networks of high quality green spaces and other
environmental features including surfaces such as
pavements, car parks, driveways, roads and
buildings (exterior and interior) that incorporate
biodiversity and promote ecosystem services”.
Dover (2015)
GI D
efinitio
n:
Ecosystem Services can help
with many current and future
challenges
Climate
Change Societal
Value
Amenity
Value
Health &
Wellbeing
Energy
Management
Water
Management
Urban
Climate
Ecosystem
Services
Inside buildings and outside
Challe
nges
Ecosystem Services can help
with many current and future
challenges
Climate
Change Societal
Value
Amenity
Value
Health &
Wellbeing
Energy
Management
Water
Management
Urban
Climate
Ecosystem
Services
He
alth
&
Wellb
ein
g
Air
Pollution
Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs) In
door
Air P
ollu
tion
Plants – especially
microbes in the root-zone
can detoxify VOCs
• Higher concentrations indoors
• Hundreds of compounds
• Some carcinogens
• Given off by building products,
furnishing, electrical, etc.
• Sick-building syndrome
Plants and the work environment P
roductivity
• Reduces VOC concentrations
• Improves climate (humidity)
• May reduce microbes in the air
• Increased job satisfaction
• Higher quality of life scores
• Reduced work pressure
• Reduced absences
• Better productivity GAME CHANGER
Can be used with Air Cons A
ir C
onditio
nin
g
http://www.nedlawlivingwalls.com/projects/
http://www.nedlawlivingwa
lls.com/technology/works/
Bio
filter
& H
VA
C
In this system, air is drawn
through the living wall, and
then into the HVAC
© Nedlaw
© Nedlaw
http://www.nedlawlivingwalls.com/benefits/impact/
Com
pany D
ata
© Nedlaw
Room dividers
Indoor vegetation can be a fixed or a mobile facility creating and
recreating spaces as required. Green walls take up little space.
Space u
tilis
ation
Outd
oors
Birmingham New St
and Moor St Stations
PM
1 B
irm
ingh
am
New
Str
ee
t S
tatio
n
Differential
Capture Rates
Unpublished Data © Udeshika Weerakkody
Case study
A38 Bristol Street
Birmingham
Part
icula
te
Pollu
tion
Sternberg et al.
(2010) ivy
(Hedera sp.) on
walls is Oxford
was effective in
removing PM2.5
and PM1 (and
below)
particulates at
densities of
2.9x1010/m2
Climbers and environment P
art
icula
te
Pollu
tion
Green screens raised in
Nursery Iv
y S
cre
ens
Insta
llation
Sam
plin
g
Nursery x250 mag A38 Bristol St x250 mag
66 days PM
10 a
nd
be
low
Probably over
145 million/day
captured per
m2 of green
screen
512 μm wide x 384 μm high
Nursery x250 mag A38 Bristol St x250 mag
66 days
Pollu
tion O
utd
oors
Plants Capture PM and Gasses
NO2
SO2
O3
CO2
CO
PM10-1.0
Aerogation ACTIVE Living wall unit A
ctive
syste
ms
outd
oors
http://www.treebox.co.uk/
Caveats
/
Consid
era
tions
The right plants in the right place
• Some plants produce pollen which cause
allergic reactions
• Some plants emit a lot of VOCs which can
combine with NO2 (photochemical reaction) to
produce O3
• Evergreen or Deciduous species?
• Who will maintain the plants (ongoing cost)?
• Where will the water come from?
Overall •Improve air quality
•Reduce air pollution
•Moderate climate
•Look good (aesthetics) •Nice to look at
•Hides ugly buildings
•Graffiti control
•Improve Insulation
•Lower energy consumption
•Reduced CO2 emissions
•Reduce stress
•Provide habitat for wildlife
•Education
•Sustainable Urban Drainage
•Grow Food
Sum
mary
© Caroline Chiquet
1. What is Green Infrastructure?
2. Benefits of Green Infrastructure
3. Indoors
4. Permeable Pavements
5. Green Walls
6. Green Roofs
7. Street Trees
8. Policy, Regulation and Incentives
CONTENTS:
Book
All images in this presentation, unless otherwise credited, © John Dover
ESEM particulate images © Simon Phillips/John Dover, Caroline Chiquet