REDD+

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries

• Reducing emissions from deforestation

• Reducing emissions from forest degradation

• Conservation of forest carbon stocks

• Sustainable management of forests

• Enhancement of forest carbon stocksPart i: overview

IMPORTANCE OF MIGRATION AS LOCAL

RISK SCOPING STRATEGY IN RESPONSE

TO CLIMATE CHANGE IN VIETNAM

Pham Thu Thuy, Dao Linh Chi, Be Quynh Nga, Nguyen Hoang Tiep, Le Ngoc Dung, Vu Tan Phuong, Dao Huyen Trang, Nguyen Thi Hai, Moira Moeliono, Grace Wong

Context

• Vietnamese communities that are practicing swidden are increasingly put under pressure of rapid land use changes and climate change shocks.

• Understanding how these communities adopt different scoping strategies to these shock are important for policy makers to design policies to support swidden communities.

• Vietnamese government considers migration as a key policy for poverty reduction, risk scoping strategy and social modernization

Research question:

• How important is migration as a risk scoping strategy in response to climate change in 3 swidden communities in Vietnam?

• What are policy implications ?

Findings

• Many shocks affect local livelihood (e.g. chronic, loss of crops due to drought, large fall in market price, and crop diseases) - 52% of households reported on income loss

• A wide range of risk coping measures adopted by local HHs but migration played a minor role in risk-scoping strategy (8- 14% of HHs interviewed)

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Harvest more forest products Harvest more agricultural products

Spend cash savings Sell assets (Land, livestock, etc.)

Do extra wage labor in the village Migrate for wage jobs elsewhere

Assistance from friends or relatives Assistance from NGO, community organization, religious organization, etc

Get loan from money lender, credit ,associations, etc Reduce household spending

Reduce household consumption Did nothing in particular

Other (specify)

Importance of migration is limited…

• The remittance is too low to cover daily costs and cannot be saved for risk scoping strategies.

• Migration not only comes with opportunities (e.g. social network widened, additional incomes, self- esteem, more knowledge and skills on agriculture production) but also come with many different risks:• employers refuse to pay salaries so people have to borrow money (or

their family sends money to them) to go back to their village• Available jobs are often seasonal and unstable; • migration often requires a large up-front investment so most villagers

have to take loans from the bank. • Financial burden was also put on family after the villagers migrate as

migrants have no living costs when they move to cities. • New villagers migrate to village creating new social conflicts, reduce

the available land for households • Working in the factory comes with high risk of accidents/injuries and

social problem (e.g. drug addiction) - another form of shocks and risks

Conclusions

• Importance of migration as a risk scoping strategy depends on: Institutional setting

Socio – economic conditions

Culture

…..

• Migration alone does not guarantee the ability to cope with risks, especially with climate changes -needs to be accompanied with other policies and supports for livelihoods

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