Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Daniel Murdiyarso and Sigit D. Sasmito, CIFOR
Indonesian mangroves: the best hope for global climate change mitigation
What is SWAMP?The overall goal is to provide policy makers with credible scientific information needed to make sound decisions relating to the role of tropical wetlands in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies.
The specific objectives are to:• Quantify GHG emissions and C-stocks and
changes• Develop models of ecosystem C-dynamics• Assess the roles of tropical wetland
ecosystems in climate change adaptation• Build the capacity and outreach stakeholders
Where Do We Work?
40 SWAMP publications
Peer-reviewed Journals Working papers
73,815 downloads 15,338 distributed
Why Mangroves?• Mangroves are important in the global
carbon cycles• Very high C stocks (blue carbon), some of the
highest on the planet• Highest rates in deforestation/land cover change
in the tropics GHG emissions
• Mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services • Habitat for rare and endangered species• Coastal systems protect from storms and
tsunamis and sea level rise • Breeding and rearing habitat for fish and shellfish• Sources of wood and other forest products• Ecotourism
Are mangroves forgotten ecosystem?
Source: Friess et al. Conservation Biology (Accepted)
Mangroves vs Coral Reefs
Nemo: Clown fishHabitat: Coral reefs
Finding “Nemo” vs Finding “Dragon of Muds”
Dragon of muds: MudskipperHabitat: Mangroves
VS
Finding mangrove: Why Indonesia?
• 22.6% (2.9 Mha) of global mangroves• The highest deforestation rate in earth (52,000 ha/year) or 6% of national deforestation rates • Mainly are located in West Papua, Kalimantan dan Sumatra• About 50 mangrove tree species found and dominated by Rhizopora spp.
Source: Giri et al. (2010); FAO (2007); Spalding et al. (1997)
Sembilang
Kubu Raya
Tanjung Puting
Cilacap
Bunaken
TeminabuanBintuni
Timika
How do we work? a “dirty” science
Donato et al. Nature Geoscience (2011)
Findings: Indo-West Pacific
Our New Findings: Indonesia• Ecosystem C stocks 1,083 ± 378 Mg C ha–1
• Soil (78%) • Biomass (20%) • Necromass (2%)
• Total stocks: 3.14 PgC
• Area• 1980: 4.2 Mha (FAO 207) 40% loss• 2000: 3.1 Mha 52,000 ha/yr• 2005: 2.9 Mha (FAO, 2007) (1.4 %/yr)• 2009: 2.6 Mha (MoF, 2009)
• Mangrove loss 6% of the total forest loss
• CC mitigation potentials 0. 19 Pg CO2eq yr-1 19% of the total national GHG emissions
Murdiyarso et al. Nature Climate Change (2015)
Mangrove C stocks across Indonesian archipelago
Murdiyarso et al. Nature Climate Change (2015)
Land Use Emission Vs Aquaculture Expansion
NEW APPROACHES FOR RESTORATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
Photo by: Ben Brown
Firewood ???$ Mangrove Crab ???$Ecotourism ??$
Integrating science with local objectives
Bosma et al. 2014
Integrated Associated Separated Idealized?
Key messages• Mangroves are important in global
carbon cycles and provide numerous ecosystem services• Mangroves are threatened ecosystem
with low scientific recognition• Mangroves are one of the most
carbon-richest ecosystem in the planet• Indonesian mangroves are matter for
global climate change mitigation strategy• Mitigation-based adaptation may be
promoted at all levels across multiple-stakeholders
