laws of environmental protection - India

• Environmental Acts & Regulations,

• Role of government, • Legal aspects

Law for Environmental Protection

• International concern for environmental protection– International concern for Sustainable

Development– UN conference on Human Environment and

Development-Stockholm-1972– Result-Stockholm Declaration on the Human

Environment

Law for Environmental Protection (Cont)

• Report of the world commission on Environment and Development-1987-Brundtland Commission

• Sustainable Development Concept• Cocoyoc Declaration on Environment and

Development-1970


• Definition• “Sustainable development is the

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs”


• The Earth Summit-– The United Nations conference on

Environment and Development (UNCED) popularly known as Earth Summit-1992 at Rio de Janeiro-

– 150 Governments participated– Earth summit was inspired by Brundtland

report 1987


• The Result of Summit-Agenda 21– Agenda 21-a comprehensive Blue print for

Global actions for Sustainable Development– Agenda 21-a voluntary action plan– Agenda 21-Divided into 4 sections


• Section I-Social and Economic• Section II-Conservation and Management

of Resources for Development• Section III-Straightening the Role of Major

Groups• Section IV-Means of implementation


• Role of India– Constitution-Indian constitution is perhaps

one of the rare constitutions of the world which contains specific provisions relating to Environmental protection

– India is a signatory to many Environmental treaties


– Indian constitution Article 51 (c ) provides that India shall respect International treaties

– Devolves duty on the citizen also to preserve the nature

– Article 48-A puts duty on the state regarding the protection of Environment


• All signatories to translate the Summit decisions into action-implementation

• India under obligation to implement Environmental protection

• Article 253 of the constitution provides for power of parliament to make law for implementing any treaty


• Under this provisions, parliament enacted many laws for protection of Environment, prevention of pollution

• International law, unless otherwise contrary can be construed as binding.

Law for Environmental Protection (cont)

• Important legislations:– The Water (prevention and control of pollution)

Act, 1974– The Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act,

1981– The Environment (Protection) Act,1986– The National Environment Appellate Authority

Act,1997– The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995

Cont…

• The wildlife(Protection) Act, 1972• The National environment tribunal Act,

1995• The Environmental Protection Act, 1986• The Bio-Diversity Act, 2002• Are the other related environmental

legislations.

• 1. Environmental (Protection) Act was enacted in the year• a) 1986 b) 1992 c) 1984 d) 1974• • 2. The Air (Prevention & control of pollution) Act was enacted in the year• a) 1981 b) 1996 c) 2000 d) 1974•

• 3. The Water (Prevention & control of pollution) Act was enacted in the year• a) 1986 b) 1974 c) 1994 d) 2004• • 3. The Wild life protection act was enacted in the year• a) 1986 b) 1974 c) 1994 d) 1972• • 5. The Forest (Conservation)Act was enacted in the year• a) 1986 b) 1974 c) 1980 d) 1972•

• 6. The first major environmental protection act to be promulgated in India was:

• a) The Wild life protection act• b) The air act

• c) The noise pollution act

• d) None of the above

•

• 7. The central pollution control board was established under the provision of:

• a) Environmental (Protection) Act 1986

• b) Air (Prevention & control) Act 1981

• c) Water (Prevention & control of pollution) Act 1974

• d) None of the above

•

• 8. The Karnataka state pollution control board (KSPCB) was established in the year

• a) 1974 b) 1982 c) 1986 d) 1976 •

• 9. Environmental protection is the responsibility of• a) Govt. of India b) NGO’s • c) Individual d) All•

• 10. ‘Earth day’ is observed on• a) 1st December b) 5th June • c) 22nd April d) 1st January

• ISO 14000 standards deal with environment management

• Tiger conservation project was started in 1973