Environmental IssuesOcean Pollution, Climate Change,

Global Warmingand Prevention

Pages 218-220

By: Frederic Apiou & Brian Ernest Hayward

Global Warming and causes of Global Warming• Slowly, the ability of the earth’s atmosphere to absorb heat from the surface has increased and, with it, the temperature of the

atmosphere. This is known as global warming.• Increase in the amount of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere attributed mainly to human activity. Which is caused an unbalanced

in the process called the green house effect.Causes

1. Burning fossil fuels2. Cutting down trees3. Burning forest4. Factories Pollulaion5. Coal6. Oil7. Natural Gases8. Rising Sea levels

Acid Rain-Toxic Rain Caused by Industrial Activities Greenhouse Effect-Rise in the earth’s temperature from greenhouse GasesOzone Layer—Layer of atmosphere blocking UV radiation

Climate Change and Causes of Climate Change• Climate change refers to general shifts in climate, including temperature, precipitation, winds, and other

factors.• Factors are sun’s output, changes in the earth’s orbit and tilt, and volcanic activity etc.

Causes1. Human Causes2. Increase green house gasses(emulsion from buning fossils fuels-oil, coal etc)3. Pollution, smog from factories.4. Deforestation5. Increasing Population (More people more CO2)

SolutionsKyoto Protocol-International agreement on reducing

carbon dioxide emissions

The Ocean, Ocean Pollution & Oil SpillsQuick Facts about the Ocean

Our Planet is made up of 70% water. There Is 326,000,000,000,000,000,000 gallons (326 million trillion gallons of water on the earth 96% of water on the earth is ocean water Fourteen billion pounds of garbage, mostly plastic, is dumped into the ocean every year

Quick Facts on Ocean Pollution

Over 80% of the pollution in the ocean is runoff from the LandAlmost 90% of all floating materials in the ocean are plasticMarine debris, especially plastic, kills more than one million seabirds and 100,000 mammals and sea turtles every yearDead Zones which are areas of oxygen deficient water were life ceases to exist, have increased drastically over the past decade

Exxon Valdez oil tanker spill dumped 11 million gallons in Prince William Sound, Alaska, on March 24, 1989

Environment Effects of Exxon Spill

•250,000 Birds•250 Bald Eagles •2,800 Sea Otters•300 Harbor Seals•Thousands of fish, herring eggs, and crabs•At least 22 Killer Whales•Intertidal plants and animalsEnvironmentalists were outraged: Oil Spills negatively effects marine animal life. Prevents Natural selection. A Theory made famous by Charles Darwin lead the theory on the evolution of plant and animal life

Solutions to Oil Spills•Monitoring full tankers via satellite•Two escort vessels accompanying tankers while they pass through the entire sound•Specially trained marine pilots•Double-hulled tankers•Yearly drills held for spill scenarios•New and improved skimming technologies•More storage space for spilled oil•More containment booms available•Oil Pollution Act of 1990

Solutions To All These Problems1. Unite As A community: Because of the global nature

of environmental problems, international agreements are often used to address environmental issues. We must stick to agreements like the Kyoto Protocol.2. We Must Stop The most widespread form of ocean pollution is the deliberate dumping of oil.3. We must work to stop Synthetic products causing major ozone depletion called chlorofluorocarbons (Cfc s)

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