NON PESTICIDE MANAGE SHOP (NPM SHOP)

Dr. Kanchan Kumar Bhowmik

Sr. Consultant

(PPT presentation in few Workshops of CMSA, NRLM, MoRD, GoI &

District Administration of Malda & South 24 Parganas)

Why NPM Shop

Soil Health Management

Nutrient Health Management

Natural Health Management

Total use approximately 3,200,000 liters per year,

majority(57%) being used in Vegetables

Globa l Warming

Effect of El-nino

Carbon Emission..

Green Houses Gases.

P rob lems O v e r u s e o f c h e m i c a l s

W r o n g d o s e

W r o n g c h e m i c a l s

I n d i s c r i m i n a t e u s e c a l e n d a r b a s e d s p r a y s

2 o r m o r e c h e m i c a l s u s e d

F u n n y u s e - c o c o c o l a

A d v i s e d p r i m a r i l y b y d e a l e r s w i t h v e s t e d i n t e r e s t - t h e y a r e

t h e k n o w l e d g e c e n t e r i n a v i l l a g e

I g n o r a n c e a n d l a c k o f p r o p e r a d v i s e f r o m e x t e n s i o n

p e r s o n n e l

Tox ic i t y o f I n sect ic ides

L D 5 0 - D o s e r e q u i r e t o k i l l 5 0 % o f t e s t p o p u l a t i o n a n d

e x p r e s s e d i n g / k g o r u g / g m b o d y w e i g h t .

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Policy

INDIA

Tox ic i t y o f I n sect ic idesClassification Of The

Insecticides

Medium Lethal Dose By The

Oral Route Acute Toxicity LD 50

Mg/Kg.

Body Weight Of Test Animals

Medium Lethal Dose By The

Dermal Route Dermal Toxicity LD

50 Mg/Kg.

Body Weight Of Test Animals

Color Of

Identification

Band On The

Label

1 2 3 4

1. Extremely toxic 1-50 1-200 Bright red

2. Highly toxic 51-500 201-2000 Bright yellow

3. Moderately toxic 501-5000 2001-20000 Bright blue

4. Slightly toxic More than 5000 More than 20000 Bright green

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Use Of Balanced Fertilizers

U s e o f B a l a n c e d F e r t i l i z e r s , O r g a n i c f e r t i l i z e r s a n d B i o -

f e r t i l i z e r s c a n p r o v i d e v i a b l e l e v e r a g e t o i n c r e a s e c r o p

p r o d u c t i v i t y

I t e n r i c h t h e s o i l w i t h i m p o r t a n t n u t r i e n t s

B i o - f e r t i l i z e r s h a s p o t e n t i a l t o g e n e r a t e a d d i t i o n a l i n c o m e

t o f a r m e r s f r o m t h e s a m e s i z e o f l a n d

T y p e s o f B i o - f e r t i l i z e r s

Rhizobium,

Azotobactor,

Azospirillium

S u r v e i l l a n c e m e t h o d s

1 . S y s t e m a t i c s a m p l i n g

T a k i n g s a m p l e s i n t h e a l t e r n a t e r o w s a n d b e d s , d e p e n d i n g

u p o n t h e s i z e o f t h e p l o t a n d t h e n u m b e r o f r o w s , i t c a n

e a s i l y b e d e c i d e d a b o u t t h e r o w s a n d b e d s i n w h i c h t h e

s a m p l i n g c a n b e d o n e .

2 . D i a g o n a l f a s h i o n

T h e p e r s o n s h o u l d s t a r t t a k i n g s a m p l e s f r o m o n e c o r n e r

a n d w a l k d i a g o n a l l y t a k i n g s a m p l e s f r o m a l t e r n a t e b e d s .

O n c e t h e s a m p l e s a r e t a k e n i n o n e d i a g o n a l l i n e , s a m p l e s

s h o u l d b e t a k e n f r o m t h e n e a r e s t o t h e r c o r n e r . T h e

p e r c e n t a g e o f p e s t i n c i d e n c e

U s e s o f p e s t s u r v e i l l a n c e

1 . S u r v e i l l a n c e i s i m p o r t a n t f o r p r e d i c t i n g p e s t

o u t b r e a k s .

2 . T h e d e g r e e o f s u c c e s s o f t h e p l a n t p r o t e c t i o n

m e a s u r e s w i l l l a r g e l y d e p e n d u p o n a n e f f e c t i v e p e s t

s u r v e i l l a n c e a n d m o n i t o r i n g p r o g r a m s .

3 . B y s a m p l i n g i m m a t u r e s t a g e s o f i n s e c t / p e s t s , i t i s

p o s s i b l e t o f o r e c a s t t h e n u m b e r s o f p e s t s e x p e c t e d i n

t h e l a t e r s t a g e s a n d s p r a y d a t e s a r e d e t e r m i n e d s o t h a t

t h e f i r s t l a r v a e a r e d e s t r o y e d .

Source: www.google.co.in/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&noj=1&tbm=isch&tbnid=GE6vC5dkpx 13

Why NPM Shop

Organisms Numbers

Bacteria 200 billion (2x1010)

Protozoa 20 million (2x107)

Fungi 100,000 meters (1x105)

Nematods 100,000 (1x105)

Arthropods 50,000 (5x104)

Soil Contains Enormous Numbers of Living Organisms.

One Cup of Undisturbed Native Soil may Contain

E s s e n t i a l E l e m e n t s R e q u i r e d

F o r P l a n t G r o w t h

Light

Mechanical support

Heat

Air

Water

Nutrients

Except light all comes from the soils

Why Farmers Use Chemical Pest ic ides

Why Farmers Stopped Us ing Chemical

Pest ic ides

Health concern

I n t r o d u c t i o n T o O r g a n i c P e s t i c i d e s

Biopesticides: pesticides containing a living

organism, eg. Bt. (Bacillus Thuringiensis),

Effective Microorganisms?

Insecticide Soaps

Insecticide Oils

Botanical pesticides: extracts of plants with

components that are toxic to insects

C o n t r o l M e a s u r e s

BIOFERTILIZERS ARE MICROBIAL INOCUL ANTS SUPPORTED ON

CARRIERS AND MAKE AGRICULTURE

Environmentally Sustainable

Economically Rewarding

Intellectually Stimulating

What Are Bio fertilizers (BF)? Microbial inoculants that are carrier-based preparations

containing beneficial microorganisms in a viable state.

Intended for seed or soil application.

Designed to improve soil fertility in N and P

Provide growth promoter substances.

Protects atmosphere

Reduce 25% of chemical fertilisers

Also reduces the spread of soil borne diseases

N A D E P C O M P O S T

Microbial inoculants Artificially multiplied cultures of certain soil organisms

that can improve soil fertility and crop productivity.

Rhizobia were discovered in 1895, followed by the

Azotobacter and then the blue green algae and a

host of other micro-organisms.

Azospirillum and Vesicular-

Arbuscular Micorrhizae

(VAM) are fairy recent discoveries.

Natural Enemies / Farmers Friends

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S.no Microbes Producing

Beneficial Change

Plant Associated with Nature of

Interaction

1 Rhizobium Legume Symbiosis

2 Azotobacter Soil Treatment for NON

Legume Crops Including

dry land crops

Non Symbiotic

3 Azospirillum Cereals Symbiosis

4 Cyanobacteria Rice

5 Phosphate

Solubilizing Bacteria

Soil Applications for all

Crops

Ingredient/Material used : Cow dung , Cow Urine , Available decomposed green

leaf & waste materials i.e. Kitchen Waste / Municipal waste etc., Good Soil, Water

Dose: Broadcasting method at the time of land preparation or, at the time of

vegetative & reproductive growth stages of existing Crops (Cereals, Pulses & Oil

seeds, Plantation Crops, Spices, Vegetables etc.)

Rate : Rs. 75.00 (MSP) : Date of packing :

Packing size : 5 Kg.

Produced & Marketed By :

Address :

Uses Of Bio Fertilisers

Enhances soil productivity

Improves physical condition of soil and facilitates supply free air and

water

They take nutrients like Nitrogen from atmosphere or from soil and

supply to the plants

Equalises the physical and chemical characters of soil, thereby

prevents the deficiencies of micro nutrients

Facilitates Unavailable phosphorus is made available to the plant

Required Hormones, vitamins and Enzymes are supplied to plants

Less cost

Bio fertilisers live independently or symbiotic with plants

They facilitate and supply unavailable form of phosphorus to

available form

Application of Bio fertilizers

Seed t reatment or seed inoculat ion

Seedl ing root d ip

Main f ie ld appl icat ion through FYM

NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA

These fertilisers take atmospheric

Nitrogen through roots and convert

into nitrates

Example

Azotobacteria is used for the

non legume crops

Rhizobium is needed for the

legume crops

Blue green algae are needed togrow rice

Acetobacter is used to grow

sugarcane

RHIZOBIUM CULTURE Bacteria that grows in root

nodules of legumes [soya bean,

etc.]

Rhizobium INOCULANTS: Use of

Rhizobium culture in legumes is

most promising.

On average, its use can supply

15-20 kg N/ha to legumes:

increase yield up to 20 per cent.

A Z O L L A

It absorbs atmospheric

Nitrogen and coverts

to Ammonia and

nitrate form and supply

to plants

Azolla is used as bio

fertilizer for wetland

rice and it is known to

contribute 16-20 kg

N/Acre per rice crop..Videos1. Azolla Pit construction2. Azolla Inoculation

VIDEO LINKS/Azolla Mother pit thaiyyari.aviVIDEO LINKS/Khet mein Azolla ka chidkav.avi

Preparation of Bio Pesticides

Liquid Manure like

Agnastram,

Brabhastram,

Neemastram,

Sangarak,Panchagabya,

Amritajal,

Sanjeevak,

Jeebamruth etc.

Classification of PesticidesBased on nature of Pest.

1 Acaricides- For control of Mites.

2 Algicides - For Destruction of Algae and aquatic

Vegetation.

3 Bactericides- Control of Bacteria.

4 Fungicides Control of fungi.

5 Herbicides Control of Weeds.

6 Insecticides Control of Insects.7 Molluscicides Control of Mollusks.

8 Nematocides Control of Nematodes.

9 Rotendicides Control of Rats and others.

10. Repellent Repelling insects.

11.Attractants Attracting Insects.1/19/2016 42N.A.KITTUR

Liquid Manure like Agnastram, Brabhastram, Neemastram, Sangarak, Panchagabya, Amritajal, Sanjeevak, Jeebamruth etc

Amr i ta ja l

Water 10 litre

Cow-urine 1 litre

Fresh Cow-dung 2 Kg.

Molasses 100-200 gm.

Ingredient/Material used : Water, Cow urine, Fresh Cow dung, Molasses etc.

Dose: Spraying method at the time of vegetative & reproductive growth

stages of existing Crops (Cereals, Pulses & Oil seeds, Plantation Crops, Spices,

Vegetables etc.) / 5-10 ml. per litre of water.


Packing size : 1 lit.


Address :

Amr i ta ja l

Jeevamrith

Water-20 litre

Cow-urine-2 litre

Fresh Cow-dung- 2 Kg.

Pulses dust-200 gm.

Fresh soil -100 gm

Ingredient/Material used : Dry Neem leaf dust, Chilli Powder, TurmericPowder.

Dose: 2 gm. Per Kg. seed at the time of Packing (Cereals, Pulses & Oil seeds,Plantation Crops, Spices, Vegetable Seeds etc.).


Packing size : 100 g.

Produced &Marketed By :

Address :

Neemastra

Neemastram

Neem Leaf paste-5Kg.

Cow-urine-5 litre


Ingredient/Material used : Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts ,Cow

urine, Fresh Cow dung etc.

Dose: Spraying method at the time of pest & diseases infection of vegetative

& reproductive growth stages of existing Crops (Cereals, Pulses & Oil seeds,

Plantation Crops, Spices, Vegetables etc.) / 3-5 ml. per litre of water.


Packing size : 100 ml.


Address :

In sectWhat i s Insects ?

T h e y h a v e d e f i n i t e

c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , l i k e

B o d y i s d i v i d e d i n t o

t h r e e p a r t s H e a d ,

T h o r a x , A b d o m e n .

T h e y h a v e 3 p a i r s o f

L e g s a n d 2 p a i r s o fw i n g s .

T h e y u n d e r g o

M e t a m o r p h o s i s E g g ,

L a r v a e , P u p a a n dA d u l t .

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Insects

O u t o f

9 ,1 0 ,0 0 0 s p e c i e s o f a n i m a l s

6 ,4 0 ,0 0 0 a r e

i n s e c t s ( 7 3 % ) . .

They are the

l a r g e s t group of

animals in the Animal Kingdom

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Chewing

Chew leaf stem or root

portion causing holes,

Skeletonize or destroy leaves.

Ex.- Grass Hopper, Beetles etc.

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Boring and Mining cause damage by boring or mining

into the plants. Ex Stem Borer, leaf Miners.

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APPLICATION OF SNGHARAK

fau pl hcj cN

fau hcj cN

B rambhas t ra

Neem Leaf Paste-3 Kg.

Cow-urine-10 litre

Papaya Leaf Paste-2 Kg.

Guava Leaf Paste-2 Kg.

Bedana Leaf paste-2 Kg.

What a re Nematodes Nematodes are minute threadlike

worms ,plant nematodes generally live

in the soil in large numbers infesting

roots .Galls and Curling of plant part.

Rodents feed and destroy all type of

grains at every stage right from the

field to godown ,warehouse, shops

hotels and home.

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What a re D i seases ? When Plants fails to perform its

normal growth and function

resulting in lower yields and poor

quality of produce. Bacteria, Fungi.

Some disease like symptoms are

also produced by plants due to

deficiency of certain nutrients, Soil

condition and Water Logging

condition.

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Damage caused by Bruchids

Life Cycle Of

Bruchids

60

Cowpea Bruchids (Cal losobruchus spp.)

Beetles: Weevils, Grain Borers,

Bruchids, Khapra Beetles

The main beetle pests of

storage are Bruchids (e.g.

cowpea seed beetles and

bean Bruchid), grain borers

(e.g. the larger and the lesser

grain borers), weevils (e.g. grain

weevils), flour beetles, Khapra

beetles and dried fruit beetles.

The larvae and some adult

beetles feed in the seeds and

grain, leaving them full of small

holes. Sometimes a fine dust is

found around the holes, being

the excrements of these

beetles. Beetle damage

renders grains and seeds

unsuitable for human and, in

case of heavy attack, even for

animal consumption.

61

Sanjeevak

Water-3 litre

Cow-urine-1 litre


Molases-10 gm.

What are Mites

M i t e s a r e a l s o i n s e c t s a n d

c a u s e s i m i l a r d a m a g e a s

s u c k i n g i n s e c t s b u t h a v e

f o u r p a i r s l e g s a n d

g e n e r a l l y s u c k s a p c a u s i n g

s y m p t o m s l i k e r e d d e n i n g ,

b r o n z i n g a n d c u r l i n g o f

l e a v e s .

1/19/2016 63N.A.KITTUR

Pulse Bruchid

B r o w n b e e t l e w i t h b l a c k

s p o t s

P i g e o n p e a g e t s i n f e c t e d

i n f i e l d , c h i c k p e a i n

s t o r a g e

L a r v a f e e d a n d p u p a t e

e n t i r e l y w i t h i n t h e s e e d

2 0 - 2 8 d a y s c y c l e

64

Agnayastra

Bonkolmi Leaf Paste-1 Kg.

Chilli- 500 gm.

Garlic- 500 gm.


Cow-urine-10 litre

Panchagabya Cow-dung liquid- 4 litre

Cow-dung-1 Kg.

Cow urine-3-4 Litre

Cow milk- 2 litre

Cow-curd- 2 litre

Cow Ghee- 1 Kg.

Molases-250 gm.

Green Coconut-1 piece

Banana- 6 pieces

Uddipak

Subabul Leaf paste-4 Kg.

Cow dung-20 Liter

Fresh Water 20 litre

Cow urine- 4 litre

Molasses -250 gm.

Sanharak


Chilli- 100 gm.

Garlic- 100 gm.

Turmeric-100 gm.

RED ROT

fau J ceu RVcN

On whole seed

On Palea

On karnel & part of lemma

hV

ceu QV cN

On What Crops Organ ic Pes t ic ides Are Used

Thank you