Problems and risks of sanitation in abo qir february 2013

Prepared and Presented by

Dr. Helaley Abdel Hady Helaley

Chief of Industrial Wastewater, Sludge and Reuse Sector

1

Problems and Risks Of Sanitation

and

Wastewater Treatment

in Abu Qir Region and ways of risk reduction

2

إعداد وتقديم

هاللي عبد الهادي هاللي/ دكتور

3 Dr. Sama MZ

Elements of the Problem عناصر المشكلة

• Direct Industrial wastewater disposal into water

bodies (Abo Qir bay, Amia drain and Tabia).

• Deterioration of Public sewerage system.

• Vertical and horizontal housing extensions in

random areas.

• Increasing levels of groundwater.

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نقطة التخلص من مخلفات مصرف العامية علي خليج أبي قير

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The bay receives 6 million m3/day as:

- 2 M m3/day from Amia drain through Tabia pump station.

- 3.5 M m3/day from Maadia opening.

- 300000 m3/day from Rasheed drain.

- 8000 m3/day direct discharge from Abo Qir fertilizer company.

- 2500 m3/day from Abo Qir power station.

- some industrial discharge from petroleum and gas companies at

Edko.

- some discharge from Maadia opening.

- Agricultural and domestic discharge from Edko and Bersik.

Abo Qir bay pollution sources

مصادر تلوث خليج أبي قير

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Amia Drain consists of:

- Agricultural discharge from Kafr El-Dawar,

Abo Qir, Tarh and Tabia as all agricultural

drains dispose into it.

-In addition to discharge of the random zones

and non-served areas from Behira

Governorate.

Abo Qir Bay Pollution Sources

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Amia drain receives Organic load resulting from

wastewater of random areas and not served which

discharges to Amia drain then to Abo Qir bay (from

Behira Governorate and Abo Qir), as follows:

-150 ton COD.

- 95 ton BOD.

-60 Ton TSS.


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Along the coast of Abu-Qir Bay, there exist about

22 different factories representing four major

categories of industrial wastes which are: food

processing and canning, paper industry, fertilizers

industry and textile manufacturing.

The wastes of these industries are of either

organic or inorganic nature and are pumped to the

sea through El-Tabia pumping station; it pumps

out an average amount of 1.5–2.0 million m3 of

polluted water per day


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West Zone of Abo Qir bay

and the main industries

disposing their effluents

into it.

Industrial Companies that

discharges directly into

Amia drain then to Abo Qir

through Tabia pump

station:

- National paper company.

- Kaha for preserved foods

Co.

- Agrokim for Agricultural

Chemicals co.

- Chemics for pesticides

co.

-Nasr for drying

agricultural.

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West Zone of Abo Qir

bay and the main

industries disposing

their effluents into it.

Industrial Companies

that discharges directly

into Abo Qir Bay at

Alexandria Governorate

-Abo Qir for Fertilizers

co.

-Abo Qir power station.

-60 Ton TSS.

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In addition to discharge of four big companies at Kafr El-Dawar with rate

of 95000 m3/day, consists of:

-43 ton/day COD.

-26 ton/day BOD.

-25 ton/day TSS.

These are:

- Misr for artificial silk.

- Dye and chemicals company (Asma dye).

- ElBida dyeing company.

- Egypt for textile and winning.,

Abo Qir Bay Pollution Sources

12

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Abo Qir bay extends 50 km, starting from Tabia north east Alexandria

to Nile river (Rosseta branch) at Behira Governorate.

The total area of the bay is

about 500 km2 with shore line of about 50 km.

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المناطق الحضرية بأبي قير

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Abo Qir Urban Wastewater system problems

مشاكل الصرف الصحي بالمناطق الحضرية

According to our field survey, Meetings with specialists of Abo qir sanitary

department at ASDCO and social communication with key persons of

Abo Qir society to address the specific and actual different problems, it

is clear that: Sanitation problems are the most headache causing

problem which focus on the following points:

1. Low quality design and construction of the public sewer system in the

old urban areas, as a result of sharp slopes to the direction of the sea,

especially in Takseem El-Gedeed zone.

2. Deterioration of sewers pipeline as a result of aging and bad quality.

3. Presence of several random sewerage connections constructed in non-

scientific and engineering way, especially in the nearest sea areas.

4. The presence of several random illegal casinos dispose their raw

wastewater directly into the sea.

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Abo Qir Urban Wastewater system damages

5. Low diameters and capacity of sewer lines in newly constructed random

areas, especially in Toson area.

6. No precautions are taken to prevent infiltration to the new public

sewerage system in new urbane areas (Toson and its extensions).

7. There is no wastewater treatment plant for Abo Qir area.

17

Daily street flooding as a result of low capacity sewerage system

18

Daily street flooding as a result of low capacity sewerage system

19

Rain flooding as a result of low capacity sewerage system

20

Chronic wastewater flooding problem

21

Repeated efforts to minimize flooding problems

22

Recent sewerage project in the new urban areas

23

Bad sanitation in rural areas of Abo Qir.

24 Random and non engineering planning prevailed in rural areas of Abo Qir.

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Abo Qir sewerage system problems

1. Takseem El Gedid area

1. Deterioration of the

public sewerage system.

2. Reduction of sewerage

capacity as a result of

vertical extension.

3. Increasing groundwater

levels.

4. Sharp slope of the

current sewerage

pipelines towards beach,

due to repetition in

flooding.

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Toson extension and

behind Taamen Sehy

2. Toson extension and

behind Taamen Sehy.


1. Significant increase in

groundwater levels.

2. Vertical and horizontal

housing increase within

agricultural lands.

3. Deterioration of the new

sewerage system as a

result of small diameters of

sewerage pipelines,

causing flooding conditions.

27

High buildings on the sea shore of Abo Qir.

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3- Slaughter house surroundings.


1- Chronic flooding as a

result of untreated

wastewater from the

slaughterhouse.

2- Slaughterhouse

dispose raw wastewater

directly into the public

sewer system without

pretreatment.

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4- Abo Qir wastewater treated at ETP.

The wastewater resulting from Abo Qir treated East treatment plant so far

from Abo Qir area.

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Risks of Sanitation And Wastewater

Treatment in Abu Qir Region and

Ways Of Risk Reduction

مشاكل الصرف الصحي ومخاطر الصرف الصناعي

وأساليب الحد منها

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The pollution of Abu-Qir Bay region

induced a panic oxidative stress in

fish living in this area.

This indicates that the industrial

wastewater treatment in this area is

not adequate to avoid the hazardous

effects of such pollutants.

Abo Qir bay pollution risk

مخاطر تلوث الخليج

32

Mass death of fish as a result of industrial pollution in Abo Qir bay

33

Mass death of fish as a result of industrial pollution in Tabia area.

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Due to stress from discharged waste waters, the Bay has become a hot

spot area, requiring permanent monitoring of its water quality and

inhabiting biota

The seasonal variability in the quantity and quality of these wastes and

their dispersion is of great importance in the dynamics of the

hydrographic conditions, nutrient concentrations and plankton density in

the bay. This means that the growth of planktonic organisms in Abu

Qir Bay is stimulated directly and indirectly by nutrients and may be

inhibited by the discharged pollutants.



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The first clear effect of such variations was shown in the hydrographic

conditions, particularly water transparency, dissolved oxygen and

salinity.

The southwestern bay was characterized by low water transparency all

year round, due to the mixing processes. Although chlorophylla was

generally high, dissolved oxygen was usually low.

The low oxygenation of the coastal waters in Abu Qir Bay has been a

characteristic feature for a long time.

This results mainly from oxygen consumption in the oxidation of a heavy

organic matter load in the bay, particularly in the southwestern part

which is directly exposed to industrial and domestic wastes and

characterized by intensive plankton production.



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Impacts of Marine Pollution

التأثيرات علي البيئة البحرية

1. Create unpleasant sea shore conditions.

2. Affecting different touristic activities.

3. Affecting fishery activities.

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Risk of High level of groundwater

مخاطر ارتفاع منسوب المياه الجوفية

1. Effect on the buildings on the new random housing

areas, especially at Toson zone and loss of

agricultural land.

2. High cost of applying solutions to avoid high

groundwater levels.

3. Amplifying the impacts of sea rise in the area.

4. Create expected dramatic industrial pollution.

38

Abo Qir Groundwater raise in urban areas

39

Abo Qir Groundwater raise in urban areas

40

Crisis of illegal buildings in high groundwater areas.

41


42


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Solutions

الحلول المقترحة

1. Effective industrial wastewater control program.

2. Upgrading old and low capacity public sewerage systems.

3. Long-term program for groundwater reduction.

4. Minimizing different impacts resulting from groundwater high level

problems through appropriate and specific best management

practices.

5. Abo Qir domestic wastewater must be pumped to the Maaamora

wastewater treatment plant.

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S. Nasr, M. El-Raey, H. Ezzat, et al., J. Coast. Res. 4 (1997). 1233–1237.

Oxidative stress and DNA damage in relation to transition metals overload in Abu-Qir Bay,

Egypt Haiam M. Aboul-Ela a,*, Abir A. Saad b, Amany M.A. El-Sikaily c, Taha I. Zaghloul

Hydrography, nutrients and plankton abundance in the hot spot of Abu Qir Bay,

Alexandria, Egypt. N.E. ABDEL-AZIZ 1, M.A.FAHMY 1 and M.M. DORGHAM 2

Source of Abo Qir sewerage maps : GIS Department – ASDCO.

Ministry of Environment reports entitled «environmental impact assessment and social

project of integrated management of coastal areas in Alexandria. This report, which proved

to the World Bank disaster environmental degradation of the city.

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Thank you