Sanitation south asia

Environmental PresentationGROUP-4

14105074- kowshik14105075- Sadman14105077- Iftekhar14105079- Arup14105080- Emran14105081-Anup13205066- Sabit13205070- Mehedi

What’s Sanitation?

It is the Science and practice of effecting healthful and hygienic

condition.

Study of safe & reliable Waste Supply.

Proper Disposal of Waste Water.

Proper disposal of Human Waste.

Quick removal of all Solid Wastes.

Its all about health & environment.

The promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by maintenance

of sanitary conditions.

Sanitation

Countries Included:

Afghanistan; Bangladesh; Bhutan;

India; Nepal; Maldives; Pakistan;

Sri Lanka.

South Asia

South Asia contains more poor people without access to sanitation

than any other region on earth.

This puts its national governments under extreme pressure to make the

most of the limited available resources for the development of

sanitation services.

Lack of proper sanitation awareness because of the lack of education,

specially in rural areas.

Illiteracy.

Improving day by day but yet a lot to improve.

Urban areas are improving at a great pace, but rural areas are not

improving simultaneously.

Sanitation in South Asia

BANGLADESH:

Access to safe drinking water is limited

A lack of awareness about health and environmental sanitation means

that many still don’t use hygienic latrines

Hygiene expenditure is often a low priority for poor households, who

have limited awareness of the benefit of products such as soap.

Open defecation is a major issue, particularly in the Hilly areas.

Some schools do not have latrines available for students to use.

In urban slums, the little space available leads to a lack of solid waste

management, one of the factors of environmental pollution and health

risks.

Sanitation Conditions in South

Asian Countries

BANGLADESH:

The use of hanging latrines, suspended over rivers and ponds, is

common in both rural and urban areas.

Because of illegal and uncertain tenor in slum areas, legal water

connections can be difficult to secure.

Hygiene awareness and knowledge of the links between poor hygiene

and disease are lowest among the typically poorly-educated slum

dwellers.

Poor sanitation practices in both rural and urban areas are exacerbated

by seasonal flooding which ruins many water sources and latrines.


Asian Countries

INDIA:

Only 32% of rural households have their own toilets.

More than half of India’s population — over 600 million people do not use a toilet because sanitation is inaccessible or unaffordable.

Low priority accorded to sanitation.

Inadequate sectorial planning.

Illiteracy and ignorance.

Weak and inefficient institutional

mechanism.

Inadequate trained human resources.

Lack of private sector participation.


Asian Countries

INDIA:


Asian Countries

PAKISTAN:

94 million (52%) people in Pakistan do not have access to improved

sanitation facilities and out of the 94 million people 75 million live in

rural areas.

Nearly 40 million (23%) people practice open defecation.

Only 5 per cent households have access to a municipal garbage

collection system.

It has 3.7% of the world's children aged 0-5, but accounts for 11% of

the under 5 mortality owing to diarrhea and dysentery - the highest

under 5 mortality rate (72 per 1000 live births) in South Asia.

Children – and particularly girls – are denied their right to education

because their schools lack private and decent sanitation facilities.


Asian Countries

PAKISTAN:

Poor farmers and wage earners

are less productive due to illness.

Health systems are overwhelmed

and national economies suffer.

Sanitation and hygiene also

suffers from a lack of public

sector finance in comparison to

other social sectors.

The rural-urban disparity

indicates that investments are

highly biased to urban areas and

resources are not reaching where

the needs are greatest.

Sanitation Conditions in

Important Areas

SRILANKA:

Cost recovery remains an issue, as does the long-term maintenance of

facilities, especially for community-based systems.

In schools, authorities’ lack the capacity to undertake “soft”

components such as hygiene promotion.

Poor outcomes in the education and health sectors, particularly with

regard to malnutrition, are closely linked with lack of access to good-

quality water and sanitation.

Now Sri Lanka has high national coverage for access to improved

water supply and sanitation, at 84 and 86 percent respectively.

The percentage of schools with improved water sources ranges

between 80-85 percentage.


Asian Countries

SRILANKA:

Two thirds of the country is considered a dry zone, where people face

difficulties to access safe drinking water.

Main Problems in this country is the lack of safe water.

Promotion of hygiene practice

by Cricketers. #Unicef


Asian Countries

NEPAL:

Each year, since 2006, an average of 4 million people are provided

with basic sanitation services.

It is estimated that only 62% of initiatives taken for sanitation access

are sustained.

It will take until 2031 to achieve the national target, even if the

financing trend does exceed requirements.

Target: ‘All the people of Nepal will have sustainable access to safe

drinking water and basic sanitation by 2017.’


Asian Countries

The proportion of people using improved sanitation has increased by

19 percentage points from 1990 to 2012.

The proportion of people who practice open defecation has dropped

by 28 percentage points over the same period, a faster rate of

reduction than in any other region.

A much smaller proportion of people in South Asia use improved

sanitation than in the rest of the world.

It is estimated that there are still 681 million open defecators in the

region (there were 771 million in 2000).

More than a third of the schools in the region do not have toilets.

South Asia sustains significant economic losses due to poor sanitation.

Sanitation Condition in South

Asia

Sanitation Condition in South

Asia

Sanitation % Comparison

Improved sanitation facilities in South Asia was last measured at 39.83

% in 2012.[According to the World Bank].

Access to improved sanitation facilities refers to the percentage of the

population with at least adequate access to excreta disposal facilities

that can effectively prevent human, animal, and insect contact with

excreta.

Improved facilities range from simple but protected pit latrines to

flush toilets with a sewerage connection.

Improved Sanitation Facilities in

South Asia ( % )

Improved water source in South Asia was last measured at 91.17 % in

2012, according to the World Bank.

Access to an improved water source refers to the percentage of the

population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water

from an improved source, such as a household connection, public

standpipe, borehole, protected well or spring, and rainwater collection.

Reasonable access is defined as the availability of at least 20 liters a

person a day from a source within one kilometer of the dwelling.

Improved Water Source in South

Asia ( % )

Stop open defecation.

Awareness raising.

Improve hygiene behavior on a community-by-community basis.

Success measured not by the number of toilets built, but by long-term

improvements in public health and well-being.

Large-scale sanitation programs should combine government and

NGO (or local organization) resources.

Should organize School based programs.

Elevated latrines should be considered for areas where digging of

latrines is not possible or acceptable or areas.

Existing practices should be further investigated to identify other

feasible alternatives

Actions To be Taken

Further investigation of the local feasibility and local acceptability of

packet and bucket latrines should be undertaken.

Health communication materials should contain information about

latrine use and care (in local languages), and provisions made to

communicate with non-literate populations.

Longer term sanitation solutions should be investigated further to help

prevent occurrence of cholera and other infectious diseases.

Regardless of the type of sanitation facility installed, hand washing

stations should be installed at every sanitation facility.

Make Public and mobile toilets available.

Public supports/ Co-operation.

Actions To be Taken

Latrines

Improved Latrines and Hygiene

Practice

Thank You